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The development of technology and the internet has changed the way humans communicate. One form of this development is the presence of social media. Social media has now facilitated fast and easy interaction. The increasing number of users also increases the potential for criminal acts of misuse of personal data. Misuse of personal data, especially on social media, requires comprehensive mitigation. This study aims to analyze efforts to overcome victims of criminal acts of misuse of personal data on social media, both through penal and non-penal channels. With a normative legal and empirical legal research approach through a study of laws and regulations and legal literature as well as interviews. This study uses a qualitative method. The results of the study show that penal efforts include collecting evidence, identifying perpetrators, and imposing sanctions in accordance with the Personal Data Protection Law. Meanwhile, non-penal efforts are carried out through public education, the establishment of personal data protection institutions, and monitoring social media activities. The main inhibiting factors in this mitigation are the lack of implementing regulations, limited technical capabilities of law enforcement officers, and minimal public awareness of the importance of personal data. This study concludes that synergy between penal and non-penal efforts is needed to protect individual privacy rights in the digital era

Overcrowded condition is a condition where correctional institutions or State Detention Centers have too large a capacity because the increasing number of inmates is not comparable to the prison or detention center facilities. Permenkumham Number 11 of 2017 is used as a reference for implementing an action plan for handling overcrowded in Indonesia, which includes four main programs: regulatory arrangement, institutional strengthening, provision of infrastructure, and empowerment of human resources. This study aims to identify the methods used to handle overcrowded residents in Class II B Pemalang Detention Center and to find barriers that hinder the process. The researcher used a qualitative research method to determine the factors that hinder the implementation of handling overcrowded residents in Class II B Pemalang Detention Center. The results of the study indicate that handling overcrowded residents in Class II B Pemalang Detention Center has been going well because of remissions, solid internal institutions, good relationships with government institutions or organizations, and empowerment of correctional officers. In addition, handling overcrowded residents in Class II B Pemalang Detention Center faces several obstacles. One of them is the number of correctional officers which is too many compared to the number of prison inmates, as well as facilities and infrastructure which are not optimal.

The application of fiqih jinayah in Aceh is the implementation of Islamic criminal law regulated in Qanun Jinayat as part of the implementation of Islamic law in the region. This is based on the special authority granted by Law Number 11/2006 on the Government of Aceh. Qanun Jinayat includes various criminal provisions such as hudud, qisas, and ta'zir that regulate certain offenses, including zina, gambling, alcohol consumption, and khalwat. Punishments include flogging, fines, and imprisonment. However, the implementation of fiqh jinayah in Aceh faces various challenges, such as resistance from certain groups, limited public understanding, and issues of compatibility with human rights principles. On the other hand, this implementation is considered successful in reducing the level of certain crimes and strengthening the Islamic identity of the people of Aceh. Thus, fiqih jinayah in Aceh is an example of how Islamic law can be integrated into the national legal system, although it requires evaluation and adaptation to ensure its implementation is fair, transparent, and in accordance with the social context of the community.

The Draft Asset Forfeiture Law represents a significant step in combating economic crimes in Indonesia, focusing on non-conviction-based asset recovery. This study aims to analyze the perceptions of Chemical Engineering students (2023 Cohort, Parallel C) at UPN "Veteran" East Java, a designated State Defense Campus, regarding the law's effectiveness. Employing a quantitative approach, data were gathered using a validated Likert-scale questionnaire assessing understanding, potential impacts, and alignment with state defense principles. The findings reveal that the majority of students perceive the draft law as a strategic tool for strengthening justice, reducing corruption, safeguarding public interests, and enhancing governmental integrity. However, some respondents expressed concerns over potential conflicts with human rights and implementation inefficiencies. This research underscores the necessity of harmonizing legislative frameworks with human rights and public trust, emphasizing the role of state defense education in fostering policy support..

This research analyzes the role of the Mater et Magistra encyclical in building social awareness among Catholics. Using a qualitative method with a literature study approach, this research examines encyclical documents, books, articles, and related official Church documents. The main focus of the research is the principles contained in Mater et Magistra, such as human dignity, general welfare, justice and solidarity, as well as their relevance to modern social issues. The results show that Mater et Magistra was not only relevant in its time, but also provides concrete guidance to deal with current social challenges, such as poverty, economic injustice, and human rights violations. The encyclical encourages Catholics to actively engage in social activities, advocate for just policies, and establish programs that support the welfare of society. Thus, Mater et Magistra remains an important reference in promoting the values of social justice and solidarity in a global society. The encyclical is not only an ethical guide, but also an effective educational tool to inspire Catholics to face social change and become agents of change in their communities.

The constitutional procedural law in Indonesia plays a crucial role in upholding constitutional supremacy, with the Constitutional Court (MK) serving as the guardian that reviews laws and resolves constitutional disputes. This article discusses the procedural law in MK, the challenges it faces, and its impact on law enforcement and justice in Indonesia. The enforcement of justice in Indonesia remains far from ideal, reflected in the chaotic legal system, structure, and culture. This study examines the Kanjuruhan Tragedy to provide an insight into the practice of law enforcement. The findings show that the state is legally responsible for the incident due to its failure to protect and fulfill the human rights of the victims. However, law enforcement in Indonesia remains discriminatory, sharp against the lower classes, yet blunt against the elites. It is hoped that law enforcement officers and the government will be more attentive and aware of the importance of fair justice enforcement, ensuring that all citizens receive legal certainty, order, and protection based on truth and justice.

The digital era brings fundamental transformation to the world of work, requiring a critical review through the perspective of the Church's social teachings, particularly the Rerum Novarum Encyclical. This research aims to analyze the challenges and opportunities of the labor world amid the digital revolution using the ethical framework of this historic document. The study employs a descriptive quantitative approach. The analytical methods include literature review, interpretation of secondary data on digital transformation, and comparative evaluation between the principles of Rerum Novarum and contemporary employment conditions. The article reveals that digital transformation is not just about technological advancement, but also about ensuring human welfare. The ethical approach inherited from Rerum Novarum can serve as a guide in designing inclusive and just employment policies. To face the digital era, a comprehensive strategy is needed that integrates technological innovation with worker rights protection. Digital literacy, equitable technology access, and social protection policies become key elements in achieving a dignified transformation.

Every human being will experience death, and will leave his property to his heirs. Indonesia adheres to three inheritance law systems, namely Islamic inheritance law, customary inheritance law, and western inheritance law (Burgerlijk Watboek). Customary inheritance law is a hereditary belief that regulates the distribution of wealth, both material and immaterial, to heirs. Toraja society adheres to a patrilineal system in its customary inheritance law, where inheritance rights are inherited through the male lineage. The Toraja traditional inheritance system has two main concepts, namely pa'tallang and pa'rinding. Pa'tallang Refers to the process of dividing inherited assets based on sacrifices made by the heirs during the testator's lifetime. The greater the sacrifice made, the greater the inheritance rights obtained. Meanwhile, pa'rinding is related to animal sacrifice during death ceremonies, which is also a determining factor in the distribution of inheritance. The results of the research show that adopted children who are recognized by custom can receive almost the same inheritance as their biological children, especially if the deceased person does not have biological children. In addition, biological children who do not participate in this ceremony may face serious consequences in terms of their inheritance rights, which can lead to reduced rights or even loss of inheritance rights altogether.  

Human trafficking is a serious crime that continues to evolve at both national and international levels. In Belu Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, human trafficking has become a major issue, particularly concerning the illegal trafficking of Indonesian migrant workers (IMWs). This research employs a juridical-empirical approach, using interviews and document studies as data collection techniques. The findings of this study reveal that: (1) The factors contributing to human trafficking in Belu Regency can be categorized into internal and external factors. Internal factors include the perpetrators' motivation to gain quick financial benefits without considering the consequences and the victims' poor economic conditions and lack of awareness of their rights. External factors encompass poverty, low levels of education, limited job opportunities, and weak law enforcement, which creates opportunities for the perpetrators. (2) The modus operandi of the perpetrators involves deception, such as promising high-paying jobs with good working conditions, which ultimately leads to the exploitation of victims. (3) Efforts to combat human trafficking involve preemptive, preventive, and repressive measures. Preemptive efforts include public awareness campaigns, preventive measures focus on monitoring illegal recruitment activities, and repressive measures involve law enforcement actions against the perpetrators.

The branch of economics called Islamic monetary policy discusses the nature, function, and impact of monetary policy in a country. Not only the supply and demand of money, this Islamic monetary emphasizes the principles of justice and brotherhood that pursue equality and create equitable distribution of wealth and income. The purpose of this research is to see how the transmission of Islamic monetary policy on the performance of MSMEs in Serang City. To stay competitive or even win the competition, an organization can evaluate its strategy in the face of an ever-changing market. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are very flexible and resilient to the economy, but they have several limitations such as financial capabilities and human resources. To gain a competitive advantage, MSMEs must be able to determine the right strategy. This research uses a descriptive approach by using observation techniques and interviews with MSME actors in Serang City. Based on the results of the study, it shows that the sharia monetary policy applied to the performance of MSMEs in Serang City is very helpful for business actors by providing access to safe capital, effective money management training, and information technology-based marketing training.

Modern globalization has had a significant impact on interactions between countries, economies and cultures, but it has also created new challenges such as social injustice, intercultural conflicts and environmental crises. The encyclical “Pacem in terris” issued by Pope John XXIII in 1963 offers an excellent outlook to help address the complex challenges of modern globalization. This article aims to analyze the relevance of Pacem in Terris to address the problems of today's world and identify how the principles it promotes can be integrated into a complex global constellation. The method used in this research is qualitative analysis with literature review. The principles of “Pacem in Terris” such as respect for human rights, social responsibility and intercultural dialogue are essential to deal with today's world problems such as helping to overcome economic disparities, encouraging international cooperation, and strengthening collective consciousness to create peace.Modern Globalization, Paccem in teriis, Relevance

In the current era, land is a basic need that is extremely important and meaningful in human life, particularly as a place to live, work, farm, or conduct various economic activities. With the rapidly growing population, the demand for residential land is also increasing. The population growth that is not matched by land availability creates significant pressure in the property market, leading to the development of new housing and settlements, both in urban and suburban areas. However, due to the increasingly limited availability of habitable land, this often triggers intense competition among individuals or parties with vested interests in obtaining land rights. The desire to own land has become very strong, as nowadays, land is not only used as a residence but also as a valuable resource. This often causes land disputes where the parties involved feel disadvantaged, either due to overlapping ownership, unclear land status claims, or differences in land use allocation. Due to the increasingly complex issues, the Land Office of Kediri City provides an alternative solution for boundary dispute resolution, namely mediation. This practice is an effort to resolve land conflicts peacefully and efficiently. Land disputes are becoming more complex and prolonged, often involving the government, businesses, and local residents. Moreover, land-related issues are frequently associated with unclear administration, weak law enforcement, or differing interpretations of existing regulations. As a result, not only does it impact the individuals involved, but it can also affect social and economic stability in a region. To address these issues, a more structured and transparent approach to land distribution and management is required. The government and society must work together to ensure fair and clear land distribution and provide wise solutions to disputes based on the principles of social justice. Mediation offers a more flexible approach compared to litigation by prioritizing dialogue among disputing parties. In this context, mediation helps alleviate tensions and create mutually beneficial solutions, enabling faster and more cost-effective processes. This study analyzes the effectiveness of mediation practices in reducing the number of disputes brought to court and assesses public perceptions of this resolution method. The results show that mediation can increase the satisfaction of the parties involved and promote stability in land ownership.

Aceh Province is the only one in Indonesia that is given the authority to implement Islamic law in all aspects of community life. One aspect that is of concern to the Aceh government is the enforcement of Islamic law. Where, if there is a violation of Islamic law, the perpetrator will be subject to sanctions in the form of ta'zir with a punishment of caning in accordance with the level of his/her guilt after receiving a final verdict from the Aceh Sharia Court. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study type of research. In this case, the researcher examines various existing literature related to the implementation of caning punishment, both from books, journals, articles, and even print and electronic media. The results of the literature study show that the implementation of caning punishment in Aceh faces various obstacles in the form of limited budget, human resources, and rejection from many parties who view the implementation of caning punishment as contrary to respect for Human Rights (HAM).

One fundamental human need, which requires a highly specific solution, is the fulfillment of sexual desires, with marriage serving as its gateway. Therefore, a man who is already married may go to great lengths to marry again. Cross-border polygamous marriages involving Indonesian women and Malaysian men, conducted in Satun, Thailand, present a complex legal phenomenon. This study aims to analyze the implementation of laws governing such marriages under Indonesian, Malaysian, and Thai legal systems, as well as their impact on the legal status of the marriage, women's rights, and legal recognition in each country. The findings reveal that cross-border marriages often fail to fulfill registration procedures in the home country, rendering them legally unrecognized in Indonesia and Malaysia. In Thailand, Islamic law applied in Satun permits polygamy, but such recognition is local and does not automatically extend across national borders. This study recommends strengthening legal cooperation among countries to provide better legal protection for couples and related parties involved in cross-border marriages.    

Organophosphates are a group of compounds with toxic potential that inhibit cholinesterase, leading to the accumulation of acetylcholine at muscarinic, nicotinic receptors, and the central nervous system, which can result in death. Organophosphates are the most toxic insecticides compared to other types of pesticides and are often responsible for poisoning in humans. The symptoms of organophosphate poisoning vary widely. Each symptom depends largely on persistent acetylcholine stimulation or depression, followed by stimulation of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Early symptoms such as salivation, lacrimation, urination, and diarrhea (SLUD) occur in acute organophosphate poisoning due to stimulation of muscarinic receptors, leading to an increase in acetylcholine levels in the blood, eyes, and smooth muscles. Management of organophosphate poisoning involves stabilizing the patient, decontamination, and administering antidotes such as antimuscarinic agents, oximes, and anticonvulsants. Complications from organophosphate poisoning include respiratory failure, seizures, aspiration pneumonia, and even death. Postmortem examination of organophosphate poisoning may reveal cyanosis on the lips, fingertips, and nails, systemic or pulmonary congestion, dilation of the right heart, dark bluish-red livor mortis that forms more quickly, and a wider distribution of livor mortis due to high carbon dioxide levels.

In the current digital era, the implementation of Know Your Customer (KYC) technology has become one of the important solutions to enhance national resilience. KYC functions not only in a business context but also has significant impacts on security and human rights aspects. This article aims to analyze the role of KYC technology in improving national resilience with a focus on the resulting security aspects and the protection of human rights. Through a literature review, this article concludes that while KYC technology contributes positively to strengthening national security, its implementation must be balanced with respect for human rights to create an effective equilibrium.

Contemporary religious issues in the context of Islam and globalization reflect the challenges and opportunities facing Muslims in the modern era. Globalization, as a process that connects various countries through technology, economics and culture, influences religious dynamics in various aspects. On the one hand, globalization paves the way for the spread of Islamic information and values ​​throughout the world, strengthening and how the Muslim community adapts to these dynamics through religious identity at the global level. On the other hand, globalization also raises concerns regarding the rise of secularism, individualism and consumerist culture which can threaten traditional Islamic values. Issues such as religious pluralism, human rights, feminism, and Islamic moderation are part of important discussions regarding Islamic responses to the challenges of globalization. Muslims are required to navigate between maintaining religious identity while engaging constructively in an increasingly connected world. This article aims to analyze various contemporary religious issues that have emerged in the midst of the globalization process, a contextual approach that prioritizes Islamic values ​​that are relevant in this global era.

The modern world of work often prioritizes productivity and ignores the human dimension of workers. This article examines the concept of human dignity in the world of work based on Pope John Paul II's encyclical Laborem Exercens. The encyclical asserts that work is not merely a means to fulfill economic needs, but also an expression of human dignity and participation in the work of creation. Work has a subjective value that transcends material value, so human beings should always be the center of attention in work activities. In addition, Laborem Exercens highlights the importance of justice in employment relations, respect for workers' rights, solidarity and balance between material and spiritual aspects. This article aims to explore the application of these principles in today's world of work in order to create a more humane, just and sustainable work environment. By basing on the values contained in the encyclical Laborem Exercens, the world of work can become a means of building an inclusive and dignified community, where human well-being takes precedence over mere economic efficiency. This analysis is relevant as a reflection for modern society in realizing a world of work that respects the dignity of every individual.

Religious tolerance is an essential concept in religious life reflected in Islamic teachings. Islam teaches the importance of respecting and honoring differences, whether in religion, ethnicity, or culture. The concept of religious tolerance in Islam can be found in several verses of the Qur'an, which call for not imposing religion, living in harmony and peace, and helping one another regardless of differences. The freedom to choose a religion is a fundamental human right that must be respected, as each individual has the right to choose and embrace their religion according to their belief. Islam not only teaches acceptance of differences but also respects the existence of other religions, whether major or minority. Religious tolerance in Islam goes beyond merely respecting differences; it also includes the attitude of living together peacefully and helping one another, in order to create a harmonious and blessed life.    

This study aims to explore the relevance of the Qur'an and Hadith in shaping social values, political ethics, and decision-making in the contemporary era, highlighting their influence on various aspects of life, such as society, public policy, democracy, leadership, law, economics, education, and technology. In the modern context marked by global challenges, the values of the Qur'an and Hadith, such as justice, consultation (shura), honesty, and responsibility, provide a strong moral framework for creating a harmonious and civilized society. The findings indicate that the social values taught by Islam promote solidarity and respect for human rights, while the principles of political ethics emphasize trustworthiness and honesty in governance. In decision-making, consultation and justice are important, as they enable the creation of inclusive and democratic public policies. Moreover, the Islamic perspective on law emphasizes the protection of individual rights and social justice, while in economics, the teachings of the Qur'an and Hadith advocate for equitable wealth distribution and the elimination of usury. In the field of education, Islamic values integrate worldly and spiritual knowledge to shape a virtuous young generation, whereas, in technology, Islamic teachings offer ethical guidance for utilizing technological advancements for the betterment of humanity. This study concludes that the Qur'an and Hadith are not only relevant but also provide practical solutions to address modern challenges in various life sectors.