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Language is a means of communication used by humans to interact, express ideas, and build social relationships. Indonesian, as both the national and official language, plays a significant role in the lives of the Indonesian people. In addition to serving as a national identity, it functions as a unifying tool for the country's diverse ethnicities, cultures, and regional languages. This study aims to explain the functions of Indonesian as the national and official language, as well as to examine its language varieties based on usage situations, communication media, and fields of application. The research uses a library research method by exploring and analyzing various relevant literature, including academic books, journal articles, conference proceedings, and official documents. The findings indicate that Indonesian has various forms depending on the context and communication situation. These include formal and informal language, spoken and written forms, and variations based on specific fields such as science, law, journalism, and literature. This diversity reflects the flexibility of Indonesian in meeting the communication needs of society. Beyond being a communication tool, Indonesian also plays important social and cultural roles by strengthening social bonds and serving as a medium for preserving and developing national culture.  

This study aims to comprehensively explore the dynamics of human resource management (HRM) to develop family businesses in Bantur sub-district, Malang Regency, East Java. Identify the challenges and strategies used in managing human resources in the family business partnership model. This research method uses a qualitative approach by understanding the phenomenon in depth related to the object of research. The results of this study indicate that there is a Human resource management (HRM) in family businesses in the Hong Kong caterpillar cultivation sector in Bantur sub-district, Malang district based on trust in employees, with attention to ethics-based conflict management.This research provides a new contribution regarding in-depth exploration of the dynamics of HRM in micro, small, and medium scale enterprises (MSMEs) in the livestock sector, which has not been widely researched, especially in the context of Human Resource Management (HRM). The practice of HRM using a qualitative approach in a family business with a partnership model produces a deep and complex understanding of its relationship with family values, business structure, and resource management on an MSME scale.  

The Tigray conflict and the Ethiopian Government in 2020-2022 were mainly motivated by dissatisfaction with the policies of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. TPLF as a representative party of the Tigray ethnic group attacked the government until it received a counterattack that further prolonged the conflict situation. The conflict then sparked international attention, including China. China played a role in bridging the conflict resolution indirectly. This study aims to review the efforts made by China in helping to bridge the conflict resolution. The method used uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The study found that China fully used a quasi-mediation diplomacy strategy in an effort to resolve the conflict. China's efforts are reflected through personal identity and the results of the interactions that were established. China promotes the principle of non-intervention and regional resolution, even providing humanitarian assistance and sustainable development. China is not directly involved in maintaining national interests, both materially and socially, in the form of applicable relations and norms.

This study aims to analyze the relationship of human resource management strategies to increase employee retention in the digital era in culinary sector MSMEs located in Jombang, East Java. This research uses a quantitative approach using a survey method on 30 MSME employees. The sampling process uses a census technique, the data analysis technique used in this study uses SPSS software. The regression analysis results show that digital training has a significant positive influence on MSME performance (regression coefficient = 0.549; p < 0.05), while innovation also has a significant positive relationship (regression coefficient = 0.325; p < 0.05). Simultaneously, these two variables are proven to make a major contribution to MSME performance. This study supports the theory that technology-integrated human resource management strategies can increase employee loyalty and engagement in MSMEs. The practical implication of this study is the need for MSMEs to adopt technology-based training and innovation in structured business management strategies to improve MSME performance. This research also contributes to the literature related to HR management strategies in the digital era, especially in the context of MSMEs.

Kejatmikaan counseling emerged as a unique approach to counseling practice in Indonesia, based on the teachings of Kyai Samin Surosentiko that integrates social and spiritual values. Within the context of Indonesia's cultural diversity, this counseling system aims to combine international theories with local wisdom. This research explores important elements in Kyai Samin's teachings, including self-management, social awareness, and patterns of human relationships. A hermeneutic qualitative method was used to explore the basic philosophy and key concepts underlying Kejatmikaan counseling. The findings show that this approach does not only focus on solving clients' problems, but also encourages self-development and deeper awareness, resulting in individuals behaving positively in daily life. Therefore, Kejatmikaan counseling is expected to be a model of counseling practice that is harmonious with the cultural values of the community. The results of this study include: (1) Basic philosophy, (2) Main concepts, (3) Objectives of Kejatmikaan counseling, (4) Counseling relationships, (5) Counseling techniques.

In this fast-paced time, the relationship between content creators and audiences can be built using storytelling and quality content as an attraction. Along with the emergence and development of technology, AI or Artificial Intelligence now facilitates the creative process for content creators. AI can assist from drafting, visuals, to editing. This article aims to directly explain how AI can help improve efficiency, generate ideas, and expand ways of telling a story. However, when integrating AI into the creative process, there are limitations that must not lose the personal touch and creative flair that make a story feel meaningful and remain authentic. Content creators are able to use human insight and the sophistication of AI to produce stronger, more innovative, and relevant storytelling amidst increasingly fierce digital competition.

A strong entrepreneurial sector plays a crucial role in a country's economic growth. Entrepreneurship not only contributes to creating jobs, but also increases productivity and encourages innovation. Therefore, it is very strategic to foster interest in entrepreneurship, especially among students and the younger generation. There are several factors that influence interest in entrepreneurship among students, one of these factors is business capital and motivation. The aim of this research is to find out whether there is an influence of business capital and motivation on interest in entrepreneurship among students of the Sharia Economics Study Program at Island Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin University, Jambi. The method used in this research is a quantitative method. The research sample consisted of 96 students using a sampling technique, namely Purposive Sampling. The results of this research show that both variables have a positive and significant effect on interest in entrepreneurship among students in the sharia economics study program. Simultaneously, the business capital and motivation variables have a significant influence on the entrepreneurial interest variable. The R Square value is 0.561 or 56.1%, which means that 56.1% of changes in the dependent variable can be explained by the independent variable, while the remaining 43.9% is influenced by other variables not included in this research. The Adjusted R Square value = 0.551 shows that after adjustment, this model still has good abilities in explaining the dependent variable. Apart from that, the R value = 0.749 shows a strong relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable. The Islamic economic view of entrepreneurship is one of the noble recommendations for humans in working.

Overall, human affection for pets creates a mutually beneficial relationship. Pets get the attention and care they need, while humans gain valuable emotional, physical, and social benefits from interacting with their pets. In Islam, there are hadiths and understandings that discuss human affection for pets. This study uses a qualitative method, data collection techniques using methods that can produce descriptive data, namely data written in a book, books, journals, articles and scientific works. The understanding of scholars about the hadiths of human affection for pets affection for pets which includes: the reward of loving animals has a friendly nature, namely affection, empathy, and gentleness towards fellow creatures, doing good and showing affection to all living things. Helping animals can erase sins helping animals can be a means to get forgiveness from Allah for sins that have been committed. An example is the hadith about a prostitute whose sins were forgiven because she gave a thirsty dog ​​a drink.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Business Model Canvas (BMC) at the Purwokerto branch of PT Jamkrindo Syariah in addressing competitiveness within the Islamic finance sector. The BMC is a strategic framework consisting of nine building blocks: customer segments, value propositions, channels, customer relationships, revenue streams, key resources, key activities, key partnerships, and cost structure. This research employs a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis, utilizing observation and unstructured interviews with relevant stakeholders as data collection techniques. The findings reveal that the application of BMC at PT Jamkrindo Syariah has been optimal and has positively impacted the company’s operations, particularly in market penetration, customer relationship management, and cost efficiency. Furthermore, partnerships with both private and governmental institutions serve as critical elements for ensuring business sustainability. The study recommends that the company continuously pursue product innovation, strengthen digital channels, enhance human resources, and regularly evaluate its business model to remain responsive to market changes. Effective implementation of BMC can serve as a strategic tool to boost the company’s competitive advantage.

This research aims to examine and understand how the tradition of “Maragat Tuak Bagot” (tapping palm sap) in the Batak community in the Central Tapanuli region reflects an ecological imagination that is in line with the principles of Catholic Eco-Theology (Laudato Si). This tradition is a cultural practice that contains ecological and spiritual meaning, in which the Batak people in the Central Tapanuli utilize natural resources in a sustainable manner and with full respect for the environment. Through a Catholic Eco-Theology approach, this research seeks to explore the theological values ​​contained in this tradition and how these values ​​are lived out in society. The research method used is qualitative and literature study. Field data was obtained by conducting in-depth interviews with community leaders and practitioners of the “Maragat Tuak Bagot” tradition. The research results show that the “Maragat Tuak Bagot” tradition not only has a socio-cultural function but also contains deep ecological messages. This practice contains reflections on the importance of maintaining natural balance, respecting creation, and involving the spiritual dimension. Apart from that, the “Maragat Tuak Bagot” tradition also represents the relationship between humans and nature which is in line with Catholic Eco-Theological teachings about human’s moral responsibility to care for the earth as a shared home. The results of this research provide an important contribution in enriching the discourse on ecology and theology in Indonesia, as well as offering a new perspective in environmental conservation efforts based on local wisdom and religious values.

This study aims to determine the Influence of Work Discipline and Motivation on Employee Performance at PT Supra Primatama Nusantara (Biznet) Branch Duri Pulo Central Jakarta. The type of research used in this study is quantitative research. The population used in this study were employees of PT Supra Primatama Nusantara (Biznet) Branch Duri Pulo Central Jakarta. The sample used by the author in this study was employees of PT Supra Primatama Nusantara (Biznet) Branch Duri Pulo Central Jakarta totaling 54 employees. The data collection method used in this study is primary data. The primary data taken is data from the answers of 54 respondents. The results of this study indicate that partially there is a significant influence between discipline on employee performance at PT Supra Primatama Nusantara (Biznet) Branch Duri Pulo Central Jakarta, as evidenced by the calculated t value> t table or (3.109> 2.007) This is also reinforced by the Sig. value <0.05 or (0.003 <0.05). Partially there is a significant influence between motivation on employee performance at PT Supra Primatama Nusantara (Biznet) Branch Duri Pulo Central Jakarta., which is evidenced by the calculated t value> t table or (2.080> 2.007) This is also reinforced by the Sig. value <0.05 or (0.043 <0.05). Simultaneously there is a significant simultaneous influence between discipline and motivation on employee performance at PT Supra Primatama Nusantara (Biznet) Branch Duri Pulo Central Jakarta, which is evidenced by the calculated F value> F table or (20.508> 3.179), this is also reinforced by the Sig. value <0.05 or (0.000 <0.05). The coefficient value of R is 0.668, which means that the relationship between the Discipline and Motivation variables on the Employee Performance variable is strong. The value of the determination coefficient or contribution of its influence simultaneously is 44.6% while the remaining 55.4% is influenced by other factors.    

The rapid transformation toward a digital economy has led to the emergence of the gig economy as a new form of employment relationship. This shift demands the development of new competencies among the workforce, particularly in digital economic literacy, which encompasses the ability to manage flexible income, understand platform-related risks, and optimize digital work opportunities. This study aims to explore the experiences of gig workers in building digital economic competencies and to analyze the challenges faced by educational institutions and human resource development (HRD) programs in preparing an adaptive workforce for this flexible work model. Employing a qualitative phenomenological approach, this study investigates the subjective experiences of gig workers in Indonesia. The findings reveal a significant gap between the digital economic competencies demanded by the new work ecosystem and the preparedness provided by formal education and vocational training systems. Based on these findings, the study recommends the development of HRD strategies centered on digital economic literacy, the adaptation of vocational education curricula, and the design of lifelong learning programs to strengthen workforce resilience in the era of the gig economy.

Air pollution is one of the most pressing environmental issues with significant impacts on human health. This study aims to examine the relationship between air pollution levels and human health disorders, as well as to identify effective mitigation solutions. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through literature reviews from various journals, WHO reports, and other official sources. The analysis shows that exposure to air pollutants, particularly fine particulate matter (PM2.5), carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone, can trigger respiratory, cardiovascular, and mental health disorders, and adversely affect children and pregnancies. These impacts are both short-term and long-term, including increased premature mortality and reduced quality of life. To minimize these effects, strategic solutions are needed, such as strengthening emission regulations, promoting eco-friendly transportation, using air purifiers, developing green open spaces, and providing public education. This study emphasizes the importance of collaboration between the government, society, and the private sector in creating clean air and a sustainably healthy environment.

This study aims to analyze human resource development (HRD) in improving employee performance at PT. Weelim Indo Perkasa. Effective HRD development is considered an important factor in improving employee productivity and work quality, which in turn has an impact on the success of the company. The research method used is a quantitative approach with descriptive analysis to describe the relationship between HRD development programs and employee performance. The results of the study indicate that structured training, ongoing performance evaluation, and employee empowerment can improve employee competence and motivation, which have a positive impact on their performance. In addition, the implementation of a fair reward system and improvement of work infrastructure have also been shown to contribute significantly to improving performance. This study suggests that companies continue to develop more integrated HRD development policies and programs, and pay attention to employee retention aspects to achieve more optimal long-term goals. Thus, ongoing HRD development is the key to improving employee performance and company progress.

Air quality in Western Java is highly dynamic and shaped by environmental changes influenced by intense human activities. Aerosols—tiny particulate matter that affects air quality, weather, and climate—can be quantified using Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), which measures aerosol concentrations in the atmospheric column. This research uses spatial regression analysis to examine the spatial distribution of AOD from GEE’s platform (Google Earth Engine) and its relationship with rainfall and wind patterns during both the wet and dry seasons. The findings indicate that wind speed does not significantly impact AOD values, but wind direction does affect the distribution of rainfall and AOD, likely due to the monsoon system. During the wet season (December to March), high-intensity and widespread rainfall effectively cleanses the atmosphere of aerosols, leading to no significant effect on AOD (p-value > 0.05). In contrast, during the dry season, rainfall significantly influences AOD spatial patterns (p-value < 0.05). These results highlight the intricate interplay between meteorological factors and aerosol’s behavior, emphasizing the seasonal variability in their interactions.

Employee performance is a measure of organizational progress and development, and is the key to the success of human resource management practices. This study aims to empirically test and prove the mediating role of work engagement on the relationship between meaningfulness of work and ethical climate on employee performance. This study involved the use of Partial Least Square to analyse data collected from 51 employee of Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Gresik. The sampling technique used in this research was saturation sampling method. The results of this study indicate that meaningfulness of work and ethical climate have a significant positive effect on work engagement, meaningfulness of work does not have a significant effect on employee performance, ethical climate and work engagement have a significant positive effect on employee performance. The analysis reveals that work engagement fully mediates the relationship between meaningfulness of work and employee performance, and partially mediates the relationship between ethical climate and employee performance. A good understanding of the meaningfulness of work and a positive ethical climate in the organization encourages work engagement among employees. However, the mismatch between skills and employee job descriptions, lack of employee comfort in working and lack of employee experience in the work they do means that employees cannot provide optimal performance. Ethical climate can also encourage employees to act in the best way at work, meanwhile, work engagement can encourage employee spirit.

Word of mouth (WOM) marketing is an effective marketing communication strategy that utilizes direct recommendations from consumers to other potential consumers. This research aims to analyze the implementation of the WOM marketing strategy carried out by Ciganjur Outdoor, an MSME providing outdoor equipment rental services in Jakarta. The research was conducted using qualitative methods through in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. The results show that Ciganjur Outdoor has implemented a WOM strategy with the elements talkers, topics, tools, taking part, and tracking. Through direct interaction with potential consumers and utilizing feedback, Ciganjur Outdoor seeks to build brand awareness and strong relationships with consumers. The obstacles faced are the lack of human resources and the lack of optimal use of outdoor communities. This research is expected to provide insight into the implementation of WOM strategies, especially for MSMEs in the service industry.

Economic growth is a complex process influenced by various factors, one of which is capital accumulation. Capital accumulation plays a crucial role in increasing production capacity, creating employment opportunities, and enhancing labor productivity. This study analyzes the role of capital accumulation in Indonesia’s economic growth by highlighting key factors contributing to national output expansion. Using the growth accounting approach and neoclassical growth theory, this research confirms that while capital accumulation contributes to per capita income growth, long-term economic growth remains dependent on efficient resource allocation and productivity improvements through innovation and human capital development. The Cobb-Douglas production model is applied to understand the relationship between capital, labor, and output in determining economic growth rates. The findings indicate that countries with higher savings and investment rates tend to experience faster economic growth. Therefore, economic policies focusing on increasing investment, strengthening human capital, and optimizing resource allocation are key factors in accelerating Indonesia’s economic growth.

This study aims to explore and analyze the values ​​of the integration of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) with science in learning in Senior High Schools (SMA) in the Riau Islands. In the era of globalization and rapid technological advances, it is important for education to integrate religious knowledge and science in order to create students who are not only intellectually intelligent but also have strong characters. The research approach used is qualitative descriptive with a case study method involving in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies in several high schools in the Riau Islands. This study found that despite major challenges in terms of limited infrastructure, human resources, and access to technology, the integration of PAI and science can enrich students' understanding of the relationship between religion and science. By integrating science into Islamic teachings, students not only learn scientific knowledge but are also trained to think critically in the context of religion and morals. On the other hand, geographical challenges and limited facilities in the Riau Islands cause gaps in the implementation of this integration. Therefore, this study suggests the need for more adaptive learning strategies, improved teacher training, and the use of mobile technology to overcome these challenges. This research is expected to contribute to the development of a more inclusive and relevant education curriculum, especially in remote areas such as the Riau Islands.

The study was conducted to analyze the relationship between the quality of human resources (HR) and economic growth in Indonesia which aims to determine the role of Human Resources, Education, and Government Policy in Indonesia's economic growth. By using descriptive qualitative research methods, data were collected through literature studies by collecting journals and articles spread across the Internet. The results of the study obtained were that 1) The Role of Human Resources in Economic Growth. 2) The Role of Education in Economic Growth. 3) The Role of Government Policy in Economic Growth. Based on the results of the study, it is expected that the government can continue to improve the quality of education and HR skills to improve the Indonesian economy.