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This research focuses on examining the intensive reading learning process of third-grade elementary students when engaging with narrative texts. The objective is to investigate students' ability to comprehend the narrative structure, interpret meanings, and respond to the messages within the text. Employing a qualitative descriptive method, the data were obtained through direct classroom observation, interviews with teaching staff, and evaluation of students’ reading tasks. The findings reveal that although students demonstrate interest in reading narratives, many still struggle to recognize essential components such as plot sequences, character development, and moral lessons. Teachers are instrumental in facilitating students' understanding by implementing supportive strategies, including guided reading, interactive questioning, and the integration of visual materials. The study highlights the importance of a well-structured and supportive learning environment to foster students’ reading comprehension and critical engagement with texts.

The purpose of this study was to develop flipbook learning media to improve listening skills in news texts of class VII students of SMP Negeri 1 Bawolato. The implementation procedure or research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the Borg and Gall model, which includes ten stages ranging from potential and problems to mass production. The subjects in this study were class VII students of SMP Negeri 1 Bawolato, even semester class VII-A totaling 6 people, 3 boys and 3 girls, class VII-B totaling 31 people, 17 boys and 14 girls. The results of the study showed that the flipbook media had been validated by three experts, namely material, language, and design experts with a percentage level of 100% for each aspect tested so that it was categorized as "very feasible" to use. The practicality test conducted on a small group showed that the flipbook scored 96.21% which means "very practical" in its use. In addition, the results of the effectiveness test conducted on a large group showed an effectiveness level of 83.87% which was categorized as "very effective" in improving students' listening skills. It was concluded that flipbook learning media to improve listening skills in news texts was very feasible, practical, and effective in supporting learning to listen to news texts in class VII. It is hoped that further researchers will use this research as additional insight to carry out research.  

This study aims to develop and evaluate Prezi-based audiovisual learning media on biographical text material for class X students of SMK Swasta Kristen Tomosa 1. The development of this media uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model which includes five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The results of the study indicate that Prezi-based audiovisual media has very good feasibility based on validation from three experts: material experts reaching (76.2%), language experts reaching (82.8%), and design experts reaching (85.7%). The practicality of the developed media is assessed through student response questionnaires in small group trials reaching (87%), which indicates that this media is very practical to use in learning. The effectiveness of the developed media is measured by the results of student learning tests, which show a percentage completion of 100% with an average score of 90, which meets the Learning Objective Achievement Criteria (KKTP). Based on these results, it can be concluded that Prezi-based audiovisual media is feasible, practical and effective to use for learning biographical text material at SMK Swasta Kristen Tomosa 1.

This study aims to develop a Canva-based Digital Scrapbook as a learning medium for negotiation texts for tenth-grade students at SMK Negeri 1 Sogae'adu. The research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the Borg and Gall model, which includes ten steps: identifying problems, collecting data, designing products, validating designs, revising, product testing, revising, usage testing, final revisions, and mass production. The product trial was conducted with 6 students from class X MP 2, and the usage trial with 33 students from class X MP 1. The media was validated by three experts: material, language, and design. Material validation reached a score of 60 out of 60 (100%), language validation scored 40 out of 40 (100%), and design validation showed high feasibility. The practicality of the media, based on student questionnaires, was 91%. Effectiveness was shown by increased post-test scores, with 81% of students meeting the learning completeness criteria. The results indicate that Canva-based Digital Scrapbook media is highly feasible, practical, and effective for learning negotiation texts. This media improves student engagement, concept understanding, and interest. It supports student-centered learning and fits the needs of 21st-century students who prefer interactive, and visual, and creative approaches to understand material better.

In the learning process, students often encounter various obstacles. One common challenge is their difficulty in understanding the material presented by teachers, especially when the explanations are too abstract. To address this issue, appropriate instructional media are needed to help achieve learning objectives. The use of such media can support teachers in delivering content more effectively. As science and technology continue to evolve, instructional media must also adapt to create a learning environment that aligns with current developments. One form of media that can be utilized is educational video. This study aims to explore the use of video media in delivering instructional content. The method used is a literature review of previous research findings. The results indicate that video-based learning media can serve as an effective tool for teachers to present learning materials in a more engaging and comprehensible way.

This research aims to develop online mathematics learning tools based on the local wisdom of Papua in the form of Lesson Plan and E-Worksheet products that are oriented to students' critical thinking skills and mathematical problem-solving in materials of polyhedra which (1) validity aspects, (2) practicality aspects, (3) effectiveness aspects. The cultures used in this research are the kariwari traditional house and the kaki seribu traditional house as illustrations to explain the concept of polyhedra. The research method is research and development (R&D) using the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) development design model. The subjects in this study are 8 students who are in grade VIII at Golden Gate Junior High School, Sorong City. The instruments used in this study are validation sheets, learning implementation observation sheets, teacher response questionnaires, student response questionnaires, and tests. The learning tool is valid if the results of the experts' assessment are at least in the "good" category. Learning tools are said to be practical if the results of teacher’s responses, student responses, and observations of learning implementation are at least in the "good" category. The learning tool is effective if the percentage of students who complete the critical thinking skills test and the math problem-solving ability test is at least 60%. This research produced online learning tools in Lesson Plan and E-Worksheet mathematics form based on local Papuan wisdom oriented to critical thinking skills and problem-solving skills of grade VIII junior high school students on flat-side space building materials. The validation results show that the product developed meets the valid criteria with a good category. The results of the test show that the product developed meets the practicality and effectiveness criteria. Practicality achieved the category “very good” based on teacher assessment, student responses, and the observation of learning implementation. Effectiveness achieves the effective category based on the test of critical thinking skills and mathematical problem-solving. The percentage of students who completed the critical-thinking skills test reached 87.50%, and the mathematical problem-solving ability test reached 75.00%.

Today, higher education is one of the pillars of development and economic growth for every country in the world. The absence of innovation in higher education is one of the primary problems that Iraqi universities confront and still unable to overcome. This situation could be attributed to the dearth of strategic innovation programs and a lack of creativity in lecturing. Therefore, this study proposes a framework that fits innovation practices and employee creativity into the organizational performance of Misan University in Iraq. Quantitative methods were used to test the hypotheses and validate the fitness of the conceptual framework with the empirical data. Simple random sampling technique was used in the survey procedure. The study sample includes 500 lecturers, whereas 422 valid questionnaires have been included in the data analysis. The results show that innovation practices and creativity have a significant effect on the organizational performance of Misan University. These findings provide evidence that achieving superior performance in higher education no longer depends on the deployment of tangible assets like financial resources or the number of academic staff and faculty, but also on intangible assets such as creative lecturing and adopting innovation practices in the learning process. Thus, this study recommends that higher education institutions in Iraq focus on recruiting creative lecturers who can improve students' learning ability by promoting new ways of learning scientific materials in parallel with an innovation strategy in all organizational functions and processes.

This community service aims to enhance the visual creativity of early childhood children through collage art activities at MIN 2 Kota Palangka Raya. In the current digital era, children are often exposed to passive visual media, which can hinder the development of their active creativity. Through the collage art approach, students are given the freedom to create using various materials such as colored paper, origami, and glue, which stimulate fine motor skills and visual creativity. The research method used involved direct guidance in creating collages, followed by the presentation of material about collage art and the steps for creating it. The results of the community service show that collage activities can improve students' creativity, visual expression, and fine motor skills. Additionally, these activities can also boost students' self-confidence in expressing themselves freely and creatively. These findings suggest that collage art can serve as an effective medium in art education at the elementary school level and is highly beneficial for fostering children's creativity from an early age.

Summarizing Arabic texts plays a crucial role in understanding and disseminating knowledge. In Arabic language learning, there is a concept known as Naht, which is the process of simplifying or condensing lengthy and complex texts into a shorter form without diminishing the core meaning contained within them. However, in reality, many students still struggle to summarize Arabic texts due to less interactive teaching methods, resulting in passive attitudes and a lack of self-confidence among students. This study aims to develop more interactive teaching techniques to enhance student participation while supporting their critical thinking skills, particularly in the ability to summarize after reading Arabic texts. This research employs a qualitative approach with descriptive methods through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that the application of interactive methods such as group discussions and mind mapping positively impacts students' ability to summarize Arabic texts and develop critical thinking skills. Group discussions help deepen understanding and boost students' confidence, while mind mapping facilitates the identification of core material and makes learning more engaging and easier to remember. This technique has proven effective in improving summarization skills and sharpening critical thinking, thus it is recommended for teachers to implement and further develop it in order to create an optimal learning process for students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Izzul Islam.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of using history and geography texts as learning media in improving students’ Arabic language skills at Zainul Hasan Islamic Boarding School in Genggong Probolinggo. The background of this research departs from the need to present Arabic language learning that is more contextual and integrative, given the dominance of traditional methods that emphasize grammatical aspects alone. A descriptive qualitative approach was used with a case study method, involving classroom observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation as data collection techniques. The results showed that the integration of history and geography texts significantly improved students’ vocabulary acquisition, cultural understanding, as well as their reading, writing, and critical thinking skills. The obstacles faced include limited thematic teaching materials, lack of teacher training in content-based approaches, and the complexity of text language. The solutions offered include the development of thematic teaching modules, teacher training, the use of visual media, and collaborative learning strategies. This study concludes that the use of history and geography texts is not only effective in language acquisition, but also in building cross-disciplinary connections that support the holistic development of santri competencies.

Environmental awareness is an effort to preserve, prevent damage to, and restore natural conditions. This attitude can be instilled through the integration of environmental values in science learning. The Science-Technology-Society (STS) approach is one effective method that fosters students' thinking skills and scientific literacy in line with technological and scientific developments. This study aims to determine whether environmental awareness in science subjects can be improved through the STS approach at MI Salamah in Jambi City, and to describe the implementation of the STS approach in enhancing environmental awareness in science subjects at the school. This research is a classroom action research using the Kemmis and McTaggart model, which consists of two cycles. Each cycle includes two meetings with four stages: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The research results show an increase in students' environmental awareness attitudes in both Cycle I and Cycle II. In Cycle I, the average score for environmental awareness attitudes rose from 60.10% to 76.63%, while in Cycle II, it increased more significantly from 88.58% to 92.6%. In addition, test results also showed a significant improvement in students' understanding of the material. The implementation of the Science-Technology-Society (STS) approach in enhancing environmental awareness in science subjects at MI Salamah has been effective. It was applied through experiential learning, discussions, and creative activities that actively involved students in understanding and applying environmental concepts.

The construction of a gazebo on the grounds of the Rectorate Building at Campus 1 of Gorontalo State University is an integral component of the Building Design Studio I course, which bridges theoretical knowledge and practical application for vocational students. This study aims to explore the process of student involvement in the design, implementation, and completion of the gazebo project, as well as to assess its alignment with the theory of simple building design and construction. The methods used for this project included on-site design evaluations, selection of local materials, distribution of group tasks, site analysis, creation of technical drawings, phased construction involving the lower, middle, and upper structures, and finishing. The results indicate that students effectively translated their technical drawings into a functional and aesthetically appealing structure. The gazebo was built using locally sourced materials, such as wood and bamboo, ensuring the structure met necessary strength standards while blending harmoniously with the campus environment. The activity highlighted the relevance of theoretical knowledge, with discussions emphasizing key concepts such as sustainability, accuracy in measurement, and effective team coordination. Furthermore, students' active participation in the project significantly enhanced their technical and managerial competencies, fostering a sense of responsibility toward the maintenance and development of campus facilities. The hands-on nature of the project also allowed students to gain real-world experience in construction practices, which directly contributes to their vocational training. This project serves as an effective example of project-based learning in vocational education, combining practical skills development with theoretical understanding. By engaging in this real-world application, students were able to strengthen their problem-solving abilities and gain insights into the complexities of construction projects, ultimately preparing them for professional careers in the field of architecture and building design

Learning media has an important role in increasing the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process. This study aims to analyze the use of podcasts as a learning medium in the Media and Educational Technology course at the Islamic Religious Education Study Program, Primagraha University. The research approach used is qualitative descriptive, with data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. The research subjects are students who take the course, selected purposively based on the criteria of active users of social media and digital software. The results of the study show that podcasts are an effective learning medium in increasing students' interest and motivation to learn. Although the majority of students are used to using platforms like YouTube and Instagram, they don't have any experience in producing and distributing podcasts. The implementation of podcasts not only provides a new learning experience, but also encourages creativity and improves students' digital literacy. Group-based learning projects such as Ngajak Podcast show positive responses from students and show increased engagement in exploring educational materials independently. Thus, podcasts can be an alternative learning media that is relevant to technological developments and students' digital habits today.

This study aims to examine the impact of the Jigsaw cooperative learning strategy on student learning outcomes at the secondary school level. Using a literature review method, the research synthesizes theoretical perspectives on cooperative learning, detailed applications of the Jigsaw model, and empirical findings from previous studies that focus on its effects across cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. The findings indicate that the Jigsaw strategy significantly improves students’ cognitive achievements and fosters affective development such as motivation, empathy, and positive attitudes toward learning. In addition, this strategy enhances students’ social interaction skills and promotes collaborative behavior, contributing to a more inclusive and engaging classroom environment. The collaborative nature of the Jigsaw model allows students to take responsibility for their own learning while also supporting their peers, which contributes to deeper understanding and retention of the material. These outcomes suggest that the Jigsaw method is an effective instructional approach for enhancing student engagement and academic performance. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of providing professional development opportunities for teachers to effectively implement the Jigsaw strategy. Furthermore, schools are encouraged to foster a classroom climate that supports teamwork and active student participation. Overall, this review highlights the Jigsaw model as a promising pedagogical tool for improving student outcomes and fostering 21st-century skills in secondary education settings.

This study explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with thermal optimization in Waste-to-Energy (WtE) systems to enhance both energy recovery and emission control. Introduction: The growing need for sustainable urban waste management has highlighted the importance of optimizing WtE systems. AI technologies, including machine learning and deep learning, have shown potential in improving the efficiency of WtE processes, especially in reducing emissions and enhancing energy recovery. Literature Review: Previous research indicates that AI has been successfully applied to various WtE technologies such as pyrolysis, gasification, and incineration, yet the integration of AI specifically for thermal optimization remains underexplored. Most studies focus on predictive models for emission reduction rather than real time thermal optimization. Materials and Method: The study proposes the development of an AI-driven framework that integrates real time data collection from IoT sensors, predictive modeling, and real time control algorithms. The system optimizes key parameters such as combustion temperature and fuel flow to enhance energy recovery and minimize emissions. The method includes data collection from operational WtE plants, followed by model development using machine learning algorithms. Results and Discussion: Initial simulations and pilot testing showed significant improvements in energy efficiency and emission reduction. AI-driven systems outperformed conventional WtE systems by optimizing operational parameters in real time. The study identifies gaps in AI integration for thermal optimization and suggests future research directions, including the integration of AI with smart grids and carbon credit systems for more sustainable WtE operations.

Introduction: The integration of Digital Twin (DT) technology and the Internet of Things (IoT) into Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) offers a transformative approach to optimizing energy consumption in buildings. This study explores the development of a Digital Twin based BEMS prototype, which leverages real time data collection, predictive analytics, and machine learning to enhance energy efficiency, reduce costs, and support sustainability goals in modern buildings. The research also addresses key gaps in current energy management systems, including real time adaptive control and integration with smart grid platforms. Literature Review: Previous research highlights the limitations of traditional BEMS, which often rely on static control strategies and lack real time adaptability. Recent advancements, including predictive maintenance and machine learning integration, have improved energy optimization. However, challenges such as data interoperability, scalability, and cybersecurity remain. This review consolidates current approaches and identifies opportunities for enhancing BEMS through the integration of DT technology, IoT, and machine learning. Materials and Method: The methodology employed involves the design of a Digital Twin based BEMS prototype, incorporating IoT sensors for real time data collection on variables such as HVAC load, occupancy, and environmental factors. The system uses time series forecasting and adaptive control strategies to optimize energy consumption. A case study building is used for validation, with performance metrics such as energy savings, CO₂ footprint reduction, and peak load reduction assessed to evaluate the system's effectiveness. Results and Discussion: The results demonstrate a significant reduction in energy consumption (up to 50%) compared to traditional BEMS, along with improved forecasting accuracy and sustainability performance. The prototype achieved a high R² score in predicting energy usage, validated through real world application in the case study building. The economic feasibility analysis showed substantial cost savings and a strong return on investment, making the system a financially viable solution for energy efficient building management.

Introduction: Achieving carbon neutrality in industrial systems is essential for mitigating climate change and promoting sustainability. The increasing demand for energy optimization and carbon emission reduction has driven the development of advanced technologies, particularly hybrid machine learning (ML) models. These models, combining ensemble learning and reinforcement learning (RL), offer significant promise in optimizing industrial processes, reducing energy consumption, and improving environmental performance. This study explores the application of hybrid ML models in achieving carbon neutral goals through dynamic process optimization and energy control in industrial settings. Literature Review: Hybrid ML models integrate different machine learning techniques to handle complex and dynamic environments effectively. Ensemble learning methods, such as boosting, bagging, and stacking, combine multiple algorithms to improve predictive performance and robustness. Reinforcement learning (RL), on the other hand, enables real time decision making and adaptation based on trial and error interactions with the environment. In energy optimization, these models are used to reduce energy intensity and carbon emissions, enhancing overall operational efficiency. Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of ML models in energy management, but challenges such as data quality, model integration, and computational complexity remain. Materials and Method: The study applies hybrid ML models combining ensemble learning and RL to optimize energy consumption and minimize carbon emissions in industrial processes. Data from real time sensors and operational parameters are used to train the models. The ensemble learning component improves the accuracy of energy predictions, while RL ensures dynamic process adjustments in response to fluctuating energy demand. The models were tested in various industrial settings, including manufacturing processes, smart grids, and microgrid systems. Performance metrics such as energy efficiency, carbon emissions reduction, and operational costs were evaluated to assess the effectiveness of the models.  Results and Discussion: The hybrid ML models achieved significant reductions in energy intensity (15-20%) and carbon emissions (18-25%). The real time adaptability of the RL component allowed the models to adjust energy consumption patterns dynamically, improving energy efficiency and reducing waste. The models demonstrated their ability to adapt to varying operational conditions, ensuring optimal energy use. A cost-benefit analysis showed that the hybrid models provided substantial energy savings and reduced operational costs, with a return on investment (ROI) of 30-35% within the first year of deployment. However, challenges such as computational complexity and data quality issues were identified, highlighting the need for further refinement in model development.

This study aims to identify challenges and formulate strategies for the implementation of professional competencies of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers based on artificial intelligence (AI) at the primary school level, with a focus on SD Negeri 071162 Esiwa. The background of this study begins with the increasing demands of the digital curriculum, while PAK teachers still face limitations in technological literacy, digital infrastructure, and the availability of contextualized Christian faith-based learning media. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, classroom observations, and documentation. The research subjects consisted of one principal and ten students in grades IV-VI. The results showed that low mastery of technology by teachers, limited digital devices, and lack of institutional support are the main obstacles in the integration of AI in PAK learning. However, AI has great potential to enhance students' learning experience spiritually and digitally through interactive, visual, and narrative Bible-based approaches. This research recommends spiritual technology-based teacher training, strengthening school infrastructure, developing contextualized teaching materials based on local culture, and collaboration between schools, churches, and Christian app developers. The findings contribute to the development of an adaptive, contextual, and transpersonal PAK learning model.

This study aims to determine the effect of contextual learning models on monopoly media on the learning outcomes of 4th grade elementary school social studies students in introducing countries in the world. The use of contextual learning models using monopoly media can improve students' social studies learning outcomes, because students gain knowledge by developing and finding their own thought patterns. Through this contextual learning approach, real activities are prioritized so that students can find concepts in learning materials and connect these concepts to students' real-world lives. The research method used is a qualitative research and development method. This research method was chosen to produce certain products and test the effectiveness of these products. Based on the results of the study and discussion, it can be concluded that the use of contextual learning models using monopoly media can improve students' social studies learning outcomes IV. In monopoly media, critical thinking skills are trained in recognizing various countries in the world. These results indicate that there is a difference in the effect of implementing monopoly media and simply explaining by the teacher on students' learning outcomes. The results of the study can be concluded that the use of appropriate learning media by paying attention to the material and objectives to be achieved in the learning process.

This study aims to determine the effect of implementing differentiated learning on improving students' literacy skills in the Indonesian language subject, Chapter 3. Differentiated learning is an approach that considers differences in methods, materials, and assessments based on each student's initial understanding and characteristics. The learning process begins with explaining the objectives, observing students' initial understanding through pre-assessment or questionnaires, exploring learning needs, facilitating learning activities according to students' needs, and ends with reflection and planning for further learning. This research was conducted in Grade 1 of SDN Latsari Tuban with a total of 28 students. The method used was classroom action research (CAR), carried out in two cycles. The results showed an improvement in students' literacy skills, both in terms of the average score and the percentage of mastery learning achievement, although the increase was not very significant. These findings highlight the importance of adapting the learning process to students' initial understanding and individual characteristics to support more effective literacy development.