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The low involvement of teenagers in church service activities is a challenge experienced by many local churches, including HKBP Lumban Nabolon. This community service activity aims to encourage the active participation of Naposo Bulung teenagers in church services through a musical arts approach, especially choir practice. IAKN Tarutung students who are implementing the Practical Lecture and Community Service (KPPM) program take on the role of facilitators, vocal trainers, and motivators in fostering teenagers to be more actively involved in church liturgy. The method used in this activity is a participatory approach through observation, interviews, direct training, and group reflection. The findings show that choir practice not only improves the technical vocal skills of teenagers, but also builds self-confidence, togetherness, and commitment to service. As many as 70% of teenagers who were previously passive began to show enthusiasm in participating in practice and performing in worship. This activity also has an impact on improving relations between Naposo Bulung members and the formation of a more lively service climate among the younger generation. These results show that church music, when carried out in a focused and inclusive manner, can be an effective means of empowering teenagers. This community service activity recommends that choir practice be made a routine church development program with ongoing mentoring from the church and educational institution partners.

This entrepreneurship training aims to enhance the skills and knowledge of PKK women’s groups in managing micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) focused on tofu production in Lewirato Subdistrict, Mpunda District, Bima City. The program is designed to equip participants with essential entrepreneurial insights and skills, particularly in improving the quality and quantity of tofu production, marketing strategies, and effective and sustainable business management. The training methods include lectures to deliver foundational material, group discussions to share experiences and solve problems collaboratively, and hands-on practice in the production and packaging process of tofu. It also covers the importance of product branding and the use of social media as a digital promotion tool to reach a wider market. Through this program, participants are expected to apply the knowledge gained to develop their businesses independently and professionally. With increased skills and confidence among PKK women in managing tofu MSMEs, it is also hoped that family income will rise and contribute positively to the local economy. This training represents a vital initial step toward achieving community economic independence through entrepreneurship.

This entrepreneurship training aims to enhance the skills and knowledge of PKK women’s groups in managing micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) focused on tofu production in Lewirato Subdistrict, Mpunda District, Bima City. The program is designed to equip participants with essential entrepreneurial insights and skills, particularly in improving the quality and quantity of tofu production, marketing strategies, and effective and sustainable business management. The training methods include lectures to deliver foundational material, group discussions to share experiences and solve problems collaboratively, and hands-on practice in the production and packaging process of tofu. It also covers the importance of product branding and the use of social media as a digital promotion tool to reach a wider market. Through this program, participants are expected to apply the knowledge gained to develop their businesses independently and professionally. With increased skills and confidence among PKK women in managing tofu MSMEs, it is also hoped that family income will rise and contribute positively to the local economy. This training represents a vital initial step toward achieving community economic independence through entrepreneurship.

This research is motivated by the social problems of junior high school children in Panggul Village, Trenggalek, whose parents work as female migrant workers. The children show symptoms of lack of socialization, low self-confidence, and minimal emotional support from their mothers. This study aims to analyze the social competence and social responsibility of these children. The approach used is qualitative with a case study method. Informants consisted of 11 people, namely TKW husbands, substitute families, community leaders, and junior high school children. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that junior high school children in Panggul Village who are left by their parents as TKW have the ability to interact with family, friends, and the community, but tend to have less understanding of the social conditions around them due to their indifference and lack of self-confidence. They are closed, have minimal empathy due to lack of role models from parents, and only show concern for peers. In terms of responsibility, these children have awareness of interacting with family, but still lack overall concern.

Worship leadership training represents a strategic initiative in nurturing the spiritual character of Christian students from their adolescent years. This program was implemented at SMA Hidup Baru Ciumbeluit in March 2023, with the primary objective of equipping students to lead worship services independently and responsibly. The training employed a hands-on, experiential approach, granting students the opportunity to design and lead complete worship sessions. The outcomes demonstrated notable improvements in self-confidence, coordination skills, and the students’ comprehension of Christian liturgical structure. Furthermore, the program served as a platform for character formation, instilling values such as discipline, collaboration, and servant-oriented leadership. This article explores the theological, educational, and psychological dimensions of student involvement in worship leadership. The initiative proved to be an effective model for preparing the younger generation to actively engage in ministry, both within the school environment and in broader ecclesial and community contexts. As such, similar training programs are recommended to be conducted regularly as an integral part of faith development and discipleship for Christian youth.

Biology education requires a learning strategy that can improve conceptual understanding while developing students' critical thinking skills. This study aims to analyze the influence of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) learning model on the learning outcomes of class X students on biodiversity materials at SMA Negeri 1 Melonguane. The research uses a quasi-experimental method with a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design, involving two classes, namely the X-A experimental class taught using the PjBL model with a mini ecosystem project, and the X-D control class. The control class is taught conventionally. The analysis results showed a significant increase in the posttest score of the experimental class with an average of 79.33 compared to the control class with an average of 73.39. These findings indicate that applying the PjBL model effectively creates active learning, increases student engagement, and develops problem-solving skills and creativity. The lower variability of scores in the experimental class showed that PjBL could accommodate differences in students' abilities. Project-based learning also arouses students' motivation and confidence, making Biology learning more contextual and meaningful. The implications of this study show that applying the PjBL model can be an alternative to Biology learning strategies to improve learning outcomes while supporting the development of 21st century skills. This research enriches the literature on Biology learning innovations. It opens opportunities for further studies related to the application of PjBL to other materials or long-term impact analysis on students' academic achievements.

This research focuses on improving English vocabulary and speaking confidence among students in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms through the implementation of Alphabet Box Learning. Many EFL students struggle with limited vocabulary and a lack of confidence when speaking, which hinders their communicative competence. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Alphabet Box Learning in addressing these problems by providing an engaging and student-centered learning experience. The study employed a quasi-experimental method involving 65 students of SMP Kristen 1 Soe. Data were collected through pre-tests and post-tests, classroom observations, and student questionnaires to assess improvements in vocabulary mastery and speaking confidence. The findings revealed that students who participated in Alphabet Box Learning activities showed significant gains in vocabulary acquisition and their willingness to speak in class were increased. The interactive nature of the method, which combines visual, tactile, and verbal elements, created a supportive environment that encouraged active participation and reduced speaking anxiety. In conclusion, Alphabet Box Learning is an effective instructional strategy for enhancing both vocabulary and speaking confidence among EFL learners. Its implementation provides meaningful, engaging, and low-anxiety language learning experiences, making it a valuable addition to communicative language teaching practices.

This study aims to determine the effect of the team quiz learning model on student learning motivation in social studies class VII at MTsN 2 Tulungagung. This study uses an associative type quantitative research approach. This study sets four problem formulations where the motivation variable is reduced to four indicators, namely attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction. The sample used in this study consisted of 32 class B students and 32 class C students. The technique used in this study was purposive sampling. The results of the study showed that the team quiz learning model had a significant effect on student attention with a sig value. (2-tailed) 0.003<0.05. Team quiz learning has a significant effect on the relevance of student learning with a sig value. (2-tailed) 0.023<0.05. Team quiz learning has a significant effect on student confidence with a sig value. (2-tailed) 0.000<0.05. Team quiz learning has a significant effect on student satisfaction with a sig value. (2-tailed) 0.030<0.05. Thus it can be concluded that the team quiz learning model has a significant effect on learning motivation which is reduced to four indicators, namely attention, relevance, confidence, and student satisfaction.

Learning strategies are a series of instructional actions that teachers must carry out in order for learning objectives to be achieved efficiently. The learning strategies used in the choir extracurricular activities at SMP Negeri 4 Sewon include direct learning strategies, indirect learning strategies, and inquiry-based learning strategies, using demonstration, imitation, and drill methods . This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. The object of the research is the learning strategies employed in choir extracurricular activities, with the research subjects being the extracurricular teachers and students. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, documentation, and literature study. Data validation is carried out using source triangulation and technique triangulation. Data analysis is conducted through data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The results of the study show that the implementation of learning strategies in the choir extracurricular activities at SMP Negeri 4 Sewon uses demonstration, imitation, and drill methods in a structured and effective manner. These methods are combined with direct, indirect, and inquiry-based learning strategies to enhance students' vocal skills and creativity. The impact of implementing these strategies is an improvement in singing ability, the development of self-confidence, creativity, and independence, as well as increased student motivation to actively participate in choir activities. The teacher acts as a facilitator who creates a space for independent and collaborative learning, making the learning process more enjoyable. This activity not only develops musical skills but also builds students' confidence and professionalism in various performance opportunities. With regular practice schedules and relevant song material, this extracurricular activity makes a positive contribution to the development of students' talents and character at school.

Branding strategies for Vocational High Schools (SMK) are a crucial aspect in improving their image, competitiveness and attractiveness for prospective students and the industrial world. One effective approach is through partnerships with the World of Business and Industry (DUDI). This research aims to analyze the branding strategy implemented by SMK in building a positive image through collaboration with DUDI. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, literature study and case analysis of several vocational schools that have succeeded in building branding through strategic partnerships. The research results show that vocational school branding can be strengthened through internship programs, industrial project-based learning, competency certification recognized by the world of work, and digital-based promotions. The partnership with DUDI also plays a role in providing learning facilities that are more relevant to industry needs, thereby increasing public confidence in the quality of vocational school graduates. By implementing an effective branding strategy through a partnership with DUDI, SMK can strengthen its position as a vocational education institution that is oriented to the needs of the world of work.

This study examines the influence of leverage, profitability, and capital structure on earnings management in consumer non-cyclicals companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2019–2023. Earnings management has become a central issue in financial reporting, as it reflects managerial discretion in presenting financial information that may not fully align with the company’s actual economic condition. Understanding the determinants of earnings management is therefore essential to enhance transparency, credibility, and stakeholder trust in corporate financial reports. The research employed a quantitative approach using multiple linear regression analysis, with data processed through SPSS version 25. The sample consisted of 104 company-year observations, which were selected using purposive sampling techniques and subsequently refined through outlier testing to ensure data validity and reliability. The independent variables analyzed were leverage, profitability, and capital structure, while earnings management served as the dependent variable. The empirical findings demonstrate that leverage and profitability exert a significant influence on earnings management practices. Specifically, companies with higher leverage tend to engage in earnings management as a mechanism to meet financial obligations and reduce the risk of violating debt covenants. Similarly, higher profitability motivates managers to manipulate earnings in order to sustain investor confidence and maintain a favorable corporate image. In contrast, capital structure is found to have no significant effect on earnings management, indicating that financing decisions between debt and equity may not directly influence managerial behavior in financial reporting. These results highlight the importance of monitoring leverage and profitability indicators as potential predictors of earnings management. For corporate management, the findings suggest the need to implement stronger internal control systems and uphold ethical financial practices. For investors and regulators, the study provides useful insights into assessing company performance beyond reported earnings, thereby supporting more informed decision-making and promoting the integrity of capital markets.

This study aims to analyze the effect of capital structure, firm growth, audit quality, and foreign ownership on firm value, proxied by Price to Book Value (PBV), in consumer cyclical sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2018–2022. The analytical method used is panel data regression with the Random Effect Model (REM) approach. The results show that capital structure has a positive and significant effect on firm value. Conversely, firm growth, audit quality, and foreign ownership do not significantly affect firm value. These findings support signaling theory, which suggests that the use of debt within a reasonable threshold can boost investor confidence and enhance firm value. Therefore, it is recommended that corporate management focus on optimizing capital structure rather than relying solely on firm growth or external factors such as audit quality or foreign investors to improve firm value.

Entrepreneurship training is a key strategy for empowering village economies, especially among youth from Karang Taruna and PKK members. In Kaladawa Village, local potential such as agriculture and handicrafts has not been fully utilized due to limited entrepreneurial knowledge and exposure. This program aims to enhance participants' entrepreneurial competencies through practical-based training methods, including interactive lectures, group discussions, and business simulations. A participatory approach was implemented to help participants identify local potentials, develop business ideas, and formulate digital-based marketing strategies. The results of the training indicate a significant improvement in participants’ understanding of entrepreneurship, as reflected in the emergence of innovative business plans focused on local and digital products. Pre- and post-training evaluations showed increased motivation, creativity, and readiness among participants to initiate independent ventures. The training also fostered a sustainable entrepreneurial spirit by covering essential topics such as financial management, digital transformation, and business networking. Participants acknowledged that direct experiences and intensive mentoring during the sessions played a crucial role in building their confidence and competitiveness. However, for long-term success, continuous mentoring and institutional support are required, along with strategic collaboration between stakeholders such as village governments, local MSMEs, and higher education institutions. Thus, this program not only contributes to improving technical and entrepreneurial skills but also plays a pivotal role in developing a self-reliant and sustainable rural entrepreneurial ecosystem. The integration of similar training into broader community empowerment programs is recommended to ensure lasting impact, inclusive access, resilience, innovation, adaptability, creativity, empowerment, collaboration, leadership, and meaningful local economic development.

This community service activity aims to improve basic accounting literacy for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) through financial recording training and simple financial report making. Many MSME actors do not have a neat bookkeeping system, making it difficult to find out net income and access financing from financial institutions. Therefore, the introduction of simple accounting is a strategic step to encourage more professional and sustainable business management. This activity was carried out by a team of lecturers accompanied by students, with a participatory approach and based on direct practice. The training material includes basic understanding of accounting, recording daily transactions, preparing income statements, and simulating the use of financial statements for working capital submissions. Through this method, it is hoped that there will be an effective and applicable transfer of knowledge from academics to the public. The results of the activity showed that participants were able to understand the importance of financial recording and began to implement a simple bookkeeping system in their business operations. In addition, participants also showed increased confidence in compiling financial statements that can be used as supporting documents in applying for financing to cooperatives, banks, or other financial institutions. This activity not only provides practical benefits for MSME actors, but also strengthens the role of universities in community economic empowerment. In the future, similar activities can be developed with the integration of digital technology to support more efficient and accurate financial recording.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the state impact caused by each corruption case in Indonesia from 2022-2025. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. The data in this study are secondary data sourced from scientific journal articles, reports from anti-corruption organizations, such as TI, ICW, KPK, and mass media. Data collection techniques are in the form of literature studies with analysis techniques by analyzing data reduction or selecting relevant information, presenting data arranged systematically, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study show that these cases resulted in very significant state economic losses, reaching trillions of rupiah. In addition to financial losses, corruption also has a negative impact on the environment, infrastructure, business climate, and public trust in the government and BUMN. Extensive environmental damage occurred due to illegal mining practices, while BTS 4G projects were hampered in their construction, and in other cases reduced investor and public confidence. Overall, the corruption exposed weaknesses in oversight and governance systems in SOEs and government projects.

This study aims to analyze the values ​​of Islamic education contained in the book Pribadi Hebat by Buya Hamka. A qualitative approach is used in this study, with a content analysis method on data in the form of reflective and argumentative narratives that are relevant to the book. The results of the analysis show that this book contains various values ​​of Islamic education which are divided into three categories. First, the values ​​of faith education, in the book Pribadi Hebat by Buya Hamka, several values ​​of faith education are found, namely the teachings of faith as the foundation of the person and piety as the perfection of faith. Second, the values ​​of worship education, the values ​​of worship education in the book Pribadi Hebat are divided into 2, namely mahdah worship and ghairumahdah worship. The values ​​of mahdah worship education in the book Pribadi Hebat are the importance of maintaining cleanliness with ablution and prayer as the main source of personal strength, while the values ​​of ghairumahdah education in the book Pribadi Hebat are teachings about all work that is based on the intention of seeking Allah's pleasure is worship. The three values ​​of moral education, in the book Pribadi Hebat by Buya Hamka, several values ​​of moral education are found, including the importance of morals, empathy, courage, admitting one's shortcomings, self-confidence, reprehensible attitudes, willingness, responsibility, and patience as personal capital that will never run out.

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the English Club extracurricular program at UPTD SMP Negeri 1 Kupang using the CIPP evaluation model (Context, Input, Process, Product). The CIPP model was chosen because it provides a comprehensive overview of the various components of the program. The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through observation, interviews, and document analysis. Based on the evaluation results, in terms of context, the program was implemented in response to students' needs to improve their English language skills, supported by school policies and the Education Office. Regarding input, the program is supported by the school principal, program supervisors, and teachers, and is funded through the BOS Fund, although limitations in learning facilities and infrastructure still exist. In the process aspect, the activities are held regularly twice a month after school hours, involving 150 selected students from grades 7 to 9. Internal evaluations are periodically conducted by the school. As for the product aspect, the program has shown a positive impact, as evidenced by improvements in students’ English proficiency, increased self-confidence, and achievements in various English competitions. Overall, the English Club program at UPTD SMP Negeri 1 Kupang is considered successful in achieving its goals and is recommended to be continuously developed and sustained.

In Indonesia, approximately 70 million people live in malaria-endemic areas, putting them at risk of transmitting the disease to others. Geographic information systems (GIS) are essential tools for mapping and visualizing spatial characteristics, as well as analyzing detailed information. GIS first developed in the late 1950s and has been used in various industries, such as oil and gas, telecommunications, as well as agriculture, forestry, and green open spaces (RTH). This study employed a narrative literature review method, synthesizing previously published information on GIS in green open spaces. The results showed that the classification of aerial imagery using GIS can be divided into two main classes: 'private green spaces' and 'others'. This study focused on finding a significant amount of urban green space in informal settlements, which cover more than 10% of the area. The increase in the number of informal settlements is directly proportional to the increase in private green space. The study also noted that poor communities have access to urban green spaces, which can improve their quality of life. Identification and management of green spaces in informal settlements can strengthen residents' self-confidence and reduce the gap between formal and informal areas in cities.

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in the Indonesian economy, especially in job creation and income distribution. Despite this, many MSMEs face challenges in building a strong and professional brand image. One of the efforts to overcome these problems is through assistance in logo design. The logo serves as a visual identity that can strengthen the brand's position in the minds of consumers. This study aims to analyze the effect of logo design assistance on strengthening the image of micro businesses. The method used is a literature study of various scientific journals and community service reports in Indonesia that are relevant to this topic. The study results show that logo design assistance is able to increase brand awareness, consumer confidence, and encourage increased sales of MSME products. Thus, graphic design assistance programs such as logos can be an effective strategy in improving the competitiveness and sustainability of MSMEs in local and global markets.

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in the Indonesian economy, especially in job creation and income distribution. Despite this, many MSMEs face challenges in building a strong and professional brand image. One of the efforts to overcome these problems is through assistance in logo design. The logo serves as a visual identity that can strengthen the brand's position in the minds of consumers. This study aims to analyze the effect of logo design assistance on strengthening the image of micro businesses. The method used is a literature study of various scientific journals and community service reports in Indonesia that are relevant to this topic. The study results show that logo design assistance is able to increase brand awareness, consumer confidence, and encourage increased sales of MSME products. Thus, graphic design assistance programs such as logos can be an effective strategy in improving the competitiveness and sustainability of MSMEs in local and global markets.