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The emergence of Artificial Intelligence presents a challenge in Copyright law in the context of visual artworks, as various Artificial Intelligence systems are currently available to create images. Based on this, the research aims to examine the legal regulations regarding the use of Artistic Image Works in Artificial Intelligence training data according to the Copyright Laws of Indonesia and Singapore, as well as how Copyright regulations can be developed to address these legal issues. This study uses a normative legal research method with a descriptive nature, employing statutory and comparative approaches. The data consists of secondary legal materials, collected through library research and analyzed using a syllogistic method with deductive reasoning. The findings and discussion of this research reveal that there is currently no clear legal basis for the use of Artistic Image Works in Artificial Intelligence training data under Law Number 28 of 2014 on Copyright in Indonesia, whereas the Singapore Copyright Act 2021 has accommodated this issue through provisions on Fair Use and Computational Data Analysis. Therefore, a reformulation of regulations is needed regarding several aspects such as Use, Reproduction, and the role of Collective Management Organizations.

The maritime industry is undergoing rapid technological transformation, yet the role of scientific paradigms in shaping technological decision-making remains underexplored. This study examines how epistemological reasoning influences leadership approaches to technological innovation in maritime business management. The research is motivated by the need to bridge the gap between theory and practice, ensuring that technological advancements are implemented with structured decision-making rather than reactive adaptation. This study provides an original contribution by evaluating the intersection of leadership, epistemology, and technological adoption—a perspective largely overlooked in previous maritime innovation research. While digital transformation is widely discussed, few studies address how structured epistemological reasoning affects decision-making in technology adoption. The research seeks to answer: To what extent do scientific paradigms influence technological decision-making in maritime leadership, and what challenges hinder epistemological integration? Using a qualitative methodology, the study engages industry experts, lecturers, and postgraduate students, applying thematic and comparative analysis to explore epistemological competency development and sustainable innovation. Results indicate that leadership adaptability and epistemological literacy significantly enhance digital transformation efforts, yet barriers such as regulatory constraints and resistance to structured reasoning persist. The study concludes that embedding epistemology into maritime education and leadership training is essential for ensuring sustainable, data-driven technological decision-making in the industry.

The maritime industry is undergoing rapid transformation, requiring systematic, evidence-based methodologies to improve product and service innovation success rates. Traditionally, maritime businesses have relied on intuition-based decision-making, leading to inefficiencies, increased risks, and inconsistent innovation outcomes. This study investigates the role of structured scientific methodologies in maritime innovation management, emphasizing how systematic approaches enhance decision accuracy, minimize risk, and improve long-term sustainability. This research provides original value by evaluating the effectiveness of structured scientific approaches in maritime innovation, an area where limited studies have explored the intersection of philosophy, leadership, and evidence-based decision-making. The study addresses the following research questions: To what extent do structure scientific methodologies improve product and service innovation success? How do industry leaders, lecturers, and students perceive the role of evidence-based decision-making in innovation? Using qualitative research methods, the study collected data from maritime experts, lecturers, and postgraduate students through semi-structured interviews and document analysis, followed by thematic and comparative analysis. Results indicate that structured methodologies significantly improve innovation outcomes, but barriers such as industry reluctance and lack of competency development hinder adoption. The study concludes that integrating scientific reasoning into maritime leadership training can enhance innovation success, mitigate risk, and foster a culture of evidence-based strategic management.

Adolescence is a transition period from childhood to adulthood that is vulnerable to various psychological problems, such as searching for identity, social problems, academic pressure, and low self-confidence. Self-love or self-love is an important element in building mental health that is often overlooked, especially among adolescents. Based on the author's observations at MAN 2 Surakarta, it was found that students tend not to fully understand the concept of self-love, so they are vulnerable to social pressure, adakemik, and negative emotions. For this reason, this community service activity was carried out with the aim of instilling an understanding of the importance of self-love, recognizing oneself, and improving students' mental health. The implementation method used in this community service activity has three stages, namely: 1). Planning stage, 2). Implementation stage and 3). Evaluation stage. The results of this community service activity show that students begin to understand the importance of self-love as a basis for mental health. In conclusion, cultivating self-love is very important for adolescents to face psychological and social challenges. The application of this concept is expected to provide long-term benefits for students' mental and emotional well-being, as well as encourage their positive contributions in the social environment.

The maritime industry operates in a complex, rapidly evolving global environment where decision-making accuracy is critical for operational efficiency, sustainability, and risk mitigation. Traditionally, maritime leadership has relied heavily on experience-based decision-making, often leading to cognitive biases and strategic inefficiencies. This study examines the role of scientific paradigms in managerial decision-making, emphasizing how structured epistemological reasoning enhances strategic accuracy and reduces decision-making errors. This research provides original value by addressing the limited integration of structured decision-making models in maritime leadership, which has been largely overlooked in previous studies. While scientific reasoning has transformed decision-making in industries such as finance and healthcare, its application in maritime management remains underdeveloped. The study explores the following research questions: To what extent do scientific paradigms influence managerial decision-making in maritime leadership? How can structured reasoning reduce bias and improve decision accuracy? Using a qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with maritime experts, lecturers, and postgraduate students, followed by thematic analysis and comparative evaluation. Results indicate that structured decision frameworks significantly improve managerial effectiveness, yet barriers such as industry conservatism and limited competency development hinder widespread adoption. The study concludes that integrating scientific reasoning into maritime leadership training programs can enhance decision accuracy, promote evidence-based management, and ensure sustainable strategic planning.

The epistemology of Islamic theology (kalam) explores the nature, sources, methods, and validity of knowledge within an Islamic framework, balancing reason and revelation. In kalam thought, rationalism with deductive-metaphysical logic dominates, though revelation remains the primary foundation. The debate between the Mu'tazilite school, emphasizing reason, and the Ash'arite school, prioritizing revelation, highlights its epistemological dynamics. However, reliance on bayani reasoning, centered on textual authority, often restricts critique and renewal. Additionally, Islamic theology struggles with limited engagement with empirical reality due to insufficient application of the correspondence theory, which evaluates truth based on factual evidence. The deductive approach of the coherence theory often falls short in addressing contemporary issues, prompting some thinkers to adopt intuitive, Sufistic methods. Criticism of this stagnation has spurred calls for reformulating Islamic theology to address globalization and modernity. To remain relevant, Islamic theology must develop a more contextual and holistic methodology, integrating deductive, inductive, and empirical approaches. By fostering critical analysis and practical solutions, it can continue to serve as a vital tool for developing adaptive and relevant Islamic thought in every era.

Papaya is a fruit that is very popular with people because it contains many benefits. In Marga Bhakti Village there are quite a lot of papaya fruit trees, one of which is in the yard, but the residents of Marga Bhakti Village use papaya fruit only for consumption in the form of fresh fruit or cooked as a vegetable. The aim of this creative economic activity is to utilize papaya into high quality products. For this reason, candy is chosen which is very popular with the public. It is hoped that it can improve the economy in Marga Bhakti Village, Sinar Peninjauan District, Ogan Komering Ulu Regency.

A number of congregations at GKSI Yesyurun Senyamuk show a tendency to not be active in worshiping regularly. This phenomenon needs serious attention so that the congregation can once again appreciate and feel the importance of worship in their lives. One of the main causes of inactivity in worship is the busyness of daily life which increasingly dominates the congregation's attention. This busyness is often a reason that is considered valid for not attending church services. Meanwhile, the method used is qualitative based on direct observation of the phenomena that occur at GKSI Yesyurun Senyamuk. Apart from that, guidance was provided on the word of God to the GKSI Yesyurun Senyamuk congregation, explaining "what is the importance of worship?", "which basis of God's word discusses worship?", "what is the correct way to worship?".  The findings from this research have resulted in positive changes in the life of the GKSI Yesyurun Senyamuk congregation, such as increasing activeness in worship and changing lifestyles that are more focused on God. This shows that correct worship not only has a spiritual impact, but also socially, strengthening the commitment to live according to God's will.

The criminal act committed by the perpetrator of premeditated murder is a very heinous act, because the perpetrator has the heart to kill people for certain reasons even though he is committing an act that is against the law. Legal accountability for perpetrators of the crime of premeditated murder is in accordance with article 340 of the criminal code, namely in the form of punishment, either the death penalty or imprisonment for a maximum period of twenty years or life. The problem in this research is the regulation of premeditated murder, the factors that cause premeditated murder and criminal liability for perpetrators in the crime of premeditated murder. The theories used in this research are the theory of responsibility and the theory of judge's consideration.  The research method in this writing is a normative method that collects library data, namely statutory regulations, legal books, judge's decisions, and scientific journals related to the problems discussed in this thesis. The results of the research and discussion in this research are regarding the regulation of premeditated murder, which is stated in Article 340 of the Criminal Code, criminal responsibility for perpetrators in the crime of premeditated murder by paying attention to the elements of committing an unlawful act, the ability to be responsible, the element of error, If there is no justification or excuse, it is punishable by the threat of death or life imprisonment or a maximum of twenty years and the judge's consideration of premeditated murder is that it has been legally proven as in the indictment to violate Article 340 of the Criminal Code.

Wrong perceptions regarding exclusive breastfeeding can influence exclusive breastfeeding. An example is insufficient breast milk production. This reason is the main reason mothers do not breastfeed exclusively. In this case, the mother feels that her breast milk is not enough, with various complaints such as the breasts getting smaller, the breast milk becoming thinner, the baby crying more often and asking to be breastfed more often (Walyani, 2015). This research aims to determine the relationship between maternal characteristics and social support on the provision of exclusive breast milk to breastfeeding mothers at the Datuk Bandar Community Health Center, Datuk Bandar District, Tanjungbalai City in 2024. This type of research is research with a cross-sectional design. The population and sample were all breastfeeding mothers at the Datuk Bandar Community Health Center, Datuk Bandar District, Tanjungbalai City in 2024 in May-June, as many as 39 people using the total sampling technique using the Chi Square statistical test. There is no significant relationship between age and exclusive breastfeeding. There is a significant relationship between education level and exclusive breastfeeding. There is a significant relationship between work and exclusive breastfeeding. There is no significant relationship between social support and exclusive breastfeeding at the Datuk Bandar Community Health Center, Datuk Bandar District, Tanjungbalai City in 2024

Some schools currently still use manual methods for assessment in determining the best teachers.  Giving grades to teachers is sometimes still subjective, so the risk of conflict is high due to inaccurate and non-transparent assessments, making it a problem for teachers in teaching. For this reason, an information system is needed to get accurate calculation results to get the best teacher ranking. In answering the problems found, the author developed a decision support system using the Simple Additive Weighting method to obtain accurate ranking results so that it can provide maximum decision results through faster, more accurate and precise classification and evaluation. And this research uses a prototype method as an addition to make system development easier. The results of calculations using the SAW method can determine the ranking for the best teachers. Based on a comparison between the pretest and posttest results, it was found that the conformity level was 60% for appropriate data from the 10 data used and 40% for inappropriate data.

Depression is the most common psychological disorder that occurs in the last years of an individual's life. Elderly depression has an impact, including shortening life expectancy by exacerbating physical deterioration in the elderly, hindering the fulfillment of elderly developmental tasks, decreasing the quality of life of the elderly, draining the emotions and finances of the affected person as well as their families and social support systems. Physiotherapist programs provided to the elderly who are depressed include listening to classical music in English and murottal. For this reason, this community service activity aims to socialize the provision of English classical music therapy and murottal to reduce the rate of depression in the elderly. This community service activity uses the method of practical lectures and questions and answers. The lecture method was carried out by delivering material about depression and English music therapy. After that, the practice of listening to English and Murotal classical music, while the question and answer method was carried out by asking participants about the material that had been presented. Results: The results of this community service activity were obtained that participants were able to understand and apply the material that had been delivered. Conclusion: Based on the community service activities that have been carried out, many of the participants enthusiastically received the entire series of events ranging from material presentations, practice listening to English classical music to question and answer interactions.   

Exclusive breastfeeding is the primary and best source of nutrition for infants. The World Health Organization (WHO) strongly recommends exclusive breastfeeding due to its numerous benefits for infant growth, particularly during the first six months of life. However, the significance of breastfeeding is often not conveyed effectively to nursing mothers, resulting in many failing to exclusively breastfeed their babies and opting instead for formula milk or other types of food. One reason for this failure is the lack of information provided to mothers, which weakens their motivation to consistently provide exclusive breastfeeding to their babies aged 0-6 months. To address this issue, a counseling session was conducted in Sayar Subdistrict, Serang City, with 15 participants. The session employed a pre-test and post-test method using a questionnaire consisting of 10 questions to measure the participants' knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding. The assessment was divided into three categories: good knowledge, adequate knowledge, and poor knowledge. The pre-test results showed that 13% of participants had good knowledge, 20% had adequate knowledge, and 67% had poor knowledge. After the counseling session, the results improved significantly, with 87% of participants categorized as having good knowledge, 13% with adequate knowledge, and none in the poor knowledge category. With this improved understanding of exclusive breastfeeding, it is hoped that the participants will be able to implement exclusive breastfeeding for their babies.

The role of the TNI is very important in creating and maintaining the security of the community in fulfilling human rights, but based on the long history in Indonesia, it is suspected that there has been violence and serious human rights crimes committed by state apparatus and security actors. The principle of command responsibility for military commanders, police superiors and other civilian superiors is at least three reasons that underlie the thinking of military commanders, police superiors and other civilian superiors, namely the commander or superior who has the power to give orders and is responsible for the failure to control or control his subordinates. This research examines the following issues: 1) How is criminal responsibility for crimes against humanity committed by TNI soldiers or troops in security restoration operations after the occurrence of military operations other than war (OMSP); 2) Which court is authorized to try the case of crimes against humanity committed by TNI soldiers or troops in security restoration operations after the occurrence of military operations other than war (OMSP). This type of research is normative legal research using the approach method used, namely the statutory approach and concept approach. Source of legal material. The sources of legal materials used are primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. Legal material search techniques are carried out by literature study or document study. 

Dismissal of a Regional Head can occur due to two factors, the first is 'Objective' in investigating violations of the oath or promise of office carried out by the Regional Head. Second, 'Subjective' in using his authority, namely looking for loopholes to dismiss the Regional Head on sentimental grounds. The reasons for the dismissal of a Regional Head are regulated in Article 78 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) of Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government (UUPD). Some of the problems that often occur in the dismissal of Regional Heads are, the Regional Head is elected directly but the mechanism for dismissal is indirectly (representatively) through the DPRD so that it is not in line with democracy, then regional autonomy is not implemented freely because there is still a role for the central government and there is also no Judicial institutions in regions specifically for the dismissal of Regional Heads. After we analyzed the many articles in the Constitution, the amendments relating to the main duties of the House of Representatives, also in UUMD3 1999 in conjunction with UUMD3 2014, were further emphasized by DPR Standing Orders No. 16/DPR/RI/1999-2000 jucto Regulation of the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2014 concerning Rules of Procedure, from the authority and duties of the DPRD above, it can be formulated that the DPRD has three functions, namely the supervisory function, the budget function, and the function of making Law or legislation. In carrying out its functions and duties, the DPRD has several rights that can be used to carry out its duties as government supervisor. Some of the rights in question are the Right to Questionnaire, the Right to Interplation, the Right to Express an Opinion. As for the right to inquiry itself, the definition is contained in Article 79 paragraph (3) of Law Number 17 of 2014 concerning the MPR, DPR, DPD and DPRD.

This study examines the investment preferences of Generation Z, specifically their inclination toward gold investment. The research is based on secondary data obtained through literature studies focusing on Gen Z's investment behavior. The findings indicate that Gen Z tends to favor gold as an investment option due to several compelling reasons. One of the main motivations is the potential for profit, as gold is considered not only a stable asset but also one that offers promising long-term returns. In addition, gold is perceived as a safe investment amid economic uncertainty. Other influencing factors include: (1) security and stability, (2) ease of access and purchase through digital platforms, (3) long-term investment potential, (4) diversification of investment portfolios, (5) historical value and its role as a symbol of security, (6) easy and flexible transactions, and (7) protection against inflation. These factors highlight the strategic thinking of Gen Z investors who seek both financial security and growth through alternative investment instruments such as gold.

This research aims to determine the quality of financial reports at the Belu Regency Ministry of Religion office. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method. The data sources used in this research are primary data and secondary data. The research informants were the heads of the Belu Regency Ministry of Religion, planning and finance departments. The research was carried out in four stages, namely: data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. based on research results regarding the quality of relevant financial reports, it is in accordance with Government Regulation No. 71 of 2010 which is the reference for determining quality financial reports. The results of research regarding the quality of reliable financial reports can be concluded that at the Belu Regency Ministry of Religion office it is not difficult to prepare financial reports because they are free from misleading meanings. The results of research regarding the quality of comparable financial reports can be concluded that the financial reports at the Belu Regency Ministry of Religion office provide information that can be compared with the previous period. The results of research regarding the quality of financial reports that can be understood can be concluded that financial reports are certainly not difficult for users to understand and will not hinder the decision-making process, for this reason the information in financial reports must be able to be understood by users, thereby making financial reports understandable because they can help the process. decision-making.

The Nurul Iman taklim council congregation has a desire to fill other activities besides daily routines with useful activities if possible to increase family income. Seeing the impact of MSG which has become a reasonable partner, there are other alternatives as flavoring, the abundance of oyster mushrooms on the market and a stable price are raised in this service activity. The goal is none other than to provide new science and skills about the natural flavoring of oyster mushrooms. The service method is carried out by FGD, socialization, demonstration and evaluation. Based on the results of the mentoring activity, a survey poll was obtained with 6 questions for the assisted partners, after the completion of this activity, 18 assisted partners expressed their agreement with the satisfaction of this service activity, the remaining 3 people answered yes

Public open space can provide a special identity for a city. Generally, the shape of public open spaces must be able to accommodate a variety of user activities and have characteristics that attract people to come. The purpose of this study is to determine the correlation between motivation and atmosphere characteristics in public open spaces in Palembang City. This research uses quantitative methods that are explanatory. The data collected by using the semantic-differential (SD-method) with the sample selection using snowball-non-random-sampling. The results of the latent variable analysis and Multivariate Correlation Analysis are in the form of a relationship between motivation and the atmosphere in public open spaces in Palembang City. The results of this study indicate that the motivation of the people who come to open public spaces has reasons, that are refreshment, achievement and interaction. This motivation is supported by the influence of the atmosphere in public open space which is assessed from two aspects, such as orderliness and natural environment.

One of the most important outcomes in the criminal justice system is the acquittal of a defendant in a theft case. This study aims to analyze the basis for the judge's legal considerations in making decisions. The method used is a literature study by reviewing various legal literature, laws and regulations, and relevant court decisions. The results of the analysis show that the judge considered several factors, including: insufficient evidence that points directly to the defendant, reasonable doubts about the defendant's involvement in the crime, and the principle of the presumption of innocence. This decision was taken as a form of protection of human rights and justice. Finally, this study concludes that a decision that passes all legal charges not only reflects the substantive aspects of the law, but also shows the judge's commitment to the principles of justice and protection of human rights.