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The increasing integration of Cyber physical Systems (CPS) into industrial environments has highlighted the need for secure, scalable, and efficient cryptographic key management systems. Traditional centralized key management protocols are often limited by vulnerabilities such as single points of failure, scalability issues, and significant overhead. Blockchain technology presents a promising solution to these challenges by leveraging decentralization, immutability, and transparency to enhance security and efficiency in CPS. This study investigates the use of blockchain based cryptographic key management systems, focusing on smart contracts for automated key distribution and rotation. Experimental results demonstrate that blockchain based systems significantly improve system integrity, auditability, and resilience, offering enhanced protection against cyber-attacks and reducing the risks associated with centralized systems. Blockchain’s decentralized architecture eliminates the need for a central authority, making it more resistant to tampering and operational failures. Additionally, smart contracts automate the key management process, improving efficiency while maintaining a high level of security. The study also evaluates the impact of blockchain on communication performance, finding that it reduces latency and overhead by automating processes and eliminating the need for centralized control. Despite these advantages, challenges such as scalability, latency, and integration with legacy systems remain. The study concludes by suggesting future research directions, including the development of lightweight blockchain protocols tailored for industrial applications and the integration of blockchain with emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) to further enhance key management in CPS. Blockchain based solutions have the potential to transform the security landscape of industrial environments, offering greater robustness, reliability, and trust.

The increasing sophistication of cyber threats has rendered traditional cybersecurity models insufficient in safeguarding enterprise networks. This study introduces a risk aware cybersecurity governance model that integrates real time threat intelligence with predictive anomaly detection to proactively mitigate potential threats. By leveraging advanced machine learning and AI techniques, the model enhances the ability to identify and address cyber threats before they can escalate into significant incidents. The model’s ability to predict anomalies, analyze real time threat intelligence feeds, and provide early warnings allows for faster response times and reduced risk exposure compared to traditional reactive models. Through simulations and real-world use cases, the proposed model demonstrated a 30% reduction in response time and a 25% decrease in overall risk exposure, showing its potential to improve security decision-making and resilience in dynamic threat environments. Unlike traditional models that rely on static rules and periodic policies, the proposed model uses predictive analytics to stay ahead of evolving threats, ensuring continuous monitoring and rapid adaptation. This proactive approach enhances organizational resilience, particularly in handling sophisticated cyber threats such as ransomware, malware, and phishing attacks. Despite its effectiveness, challenges such as data overload, scalability, and the need for interpretability in AI models remain. Future research will focus on refining predictive models, improving scalability for larger networks, and enhancing the explainability of machine learning models to foster greater trust in automated cybersecurity systems. This study contributes to the ongoing evolution of cybersecurity governance by demonstrating the value of integrating predictive and real time monitoring technologies for enhanced threat detection and mitigation.

This study investigates the integration of computational thinking (CT) principles with adaptive curricula to enhance problem-solving skills in undergraduate programming education. Traditional programming curricula often emphasize syntax and basic concepts, neglecting critical problem-solving strategies. The adaptive curriculum framework used in this study combines CT skills such as decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithmic thinking with personalized learning experiences. A mixed-method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative research, was employed to assess the effectiveness of this integrated approach. The results show significant improvements in students' problem-solving abilities, conceptual understanding, and engagement compared to a control group following a traditional curriculum. Students in the experimental group, which received the adaptive curriculum, demonstrated better performance in applying algorithms and debugging code. Additionally, students expressed higher levels of engagement and motivation, suggesting that the personalized learning environment fostered greater academic involvement. The study highlights the importance of integrating CT principles with adaptive learning frameworks to create a more inclusive and effective learning environment that accommodates diverse learning needs. The findings suggest that adaptive curricula can bridge gaps in traditional education by providing personalized support and ensuring that students progress at their own pace. This approach is especially beneficial for programming education, where both conceptual understanding and practical problem-solving skills are critical for success. Future research should explore the long-term impact of adaptive learning frameworks and investigate how these technologies can be integrated with traditional teaching methods to maximize their effectiveness.

This study explores the transformative role of big data-driven Decision Support Systems (DSS) in global digital enterprises, particularly focusing on their impact on operational efficiency and corporate governance. By leveraging big data analytics, DSS offer organizations the tools to process vast amounts of real-time data, enabling executives to make more informed decisions that optimize resources, improve productivity, and reduce operational costs. The research highlights the integration of predictive analytics, machine learning, and real-time data processing within DSS, which allows businesses to gain strategic insights and anticipate market trends. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the significant role of DSS in enhancing corporate governance, improving transparency, accountability, and compliance with regulations. These systems foster better decision-making processes, which contribute to building trust among stakeholders and ensuring long-term organizational success. However, the study also identifies several challenges in implementing big data-driven DSS, including data management complexities, technological integration difficulties, and the need for skilled personnel. Despite these challenges, the findings demonstrate that big data-driven DSS are pivotal in driving competitive advantage, operational optimization, and governance improvements. The research concludes with actionable recommendations for executives to adopt and implement big data-driven DSS, emphasizing the importance of continuous support, training, and system integration. The study also suggests future research directions, including exploring the integration of emerging technologies like AI and IoT into DSS and assessing their long-term impact on sustainability and corporate governance.

This study examines the impact of IT-driven innovation management on IT service effectiveness and competitive value creation within smart organizations. As digital transformation accelerates across industries, organizations are increasingly leveraging advanced IT solutions to enhance service delivery, responsiveness, and customer satisfaction. While traditional IT service management (ITSM) models focus on efficiency and structured processes, the integration of innovation management introduces new opportunities to improve service quality and operational agility. Through a quantitative research design, this study employs regression modeling to assess the relationship between IT-driven innovation management and two key outcomes: IT service effectiveness and competitive value creation. Data were collected from 100 technology-intensive organizations that actively integrate innovation into their IT service management processes. The results demonstrate that IT-driven innovation significantly enhances service quality, customer satisfaction, and organizational competitiveness. Furthermore, a curvilinear relationship was identified, indicating that while moderate innovation leads to improved outcomes, excessive innovation may have diminishing returns. These findings highlight the importance of balancing innovation efforts with business goals to achieve optimal performance. The study also compares innovation-driven IT service management with traditional models, illustrating how innovation fosters agility, responsiveness, and long-term value creation. The implications for smart organizations are clear: integrating innovation into IT service management is essential for maintaining a competitive edge in the rapidly evolving digital landscape. Future research should explore the long-term impact of innovation management on organizational sustainability and growth, considering external factors such as market volatility and technological disruptions.

The integration of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems has emerged as a critical strategy for modern digital enterprises aiming to enhance customer experience and operational efficiency. This study examines the impact of CRM-ERP integration on customer satisfaction, personalized service, and organizational responsiveness. By adopting a mixed-methods approach, this research combines quantitative customer data analysis and qualitative managerial interviews to assess the benefits and challenges of CRM-ERP integration. Key findings highlight significant improvements in customer experience, with increased satisfaction and personalized interactions facilitated by a unified view of customer data. Operational efficiencies were also realized through streamlined processes, better alignment of departments, and enhanced decision-making based on real-time, data-driven insights. Despite these positive outcomes, challenges such as system integration complexities, data fragmentation, and resistance to change were identified, which hindered the speed of integration and full utilization of the systems. This study demonstrates that CRM-ERP integration provides a competitive advantage by improving both customer service and business agility, particularly in industries undergoing digital transformation. For digital enterprises, integrating these systems is crucial for maintaining a seamless customer experience across various touchpoints and achieving greater operational effectiveness. The paper concludes by suggesting future research on the long-term impact of CRM-ERP integration on customer loyalty, business growth, and the potential role of emerging technologies like AI and blockchain in further enhancing these systems.

This study investigates the role of Information Technology (IT) governance in enhancing risk management performance and ensuring regulatory compliance within multinational digital enterprises. As digital transformation continues to reshape the global business landscape, organizations face increasing challenges in managing technological risks and complying with complex regulatory requirements across various jurisdictions. The study adopts a quantitative approach, using a survey methodology to collect data from senior IT and compliance managers in multinational digital enterprises. The survey focuses on how IT governance frameworks, such as COBIT 2019 and ISO 27000, are utilized to align IT strategies with business objectives, mitigate risks, and maintain regulatory compliance. The findings indicate that organizations with well-established IT governance structures are better positioned to proactively identify and mitigate risks, ensuring greater consistency in meeting regulatory requirements. These organizations demonstrate improved risk management effectiveness, especially concerning cybersecurity, data privacy, and compliance with global regulations like GDPR. In contrast, organizations with ad hoc or decentralized governance structures struggle with fragmented risk management and compliance efforts. The study further highlights the importance of integrating IT governance frameworks with internal audit functions, specifically the Chief Audit Executive (CAE), to enhance cybersecurity resilience and ensure compliance with global standards. This research contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on the integration of IT governance, risk management, and regulatory compliance in multinational enterprises. It also highlights the need for a structured and systematic approach to IT governance to improve organizational performance in managing risks and ensuring consistent regulatory adherence. The study offers practical insights for organizations looking to optimize their IT governance structures in the face of rapid digital transformation.

This research explores the integration of Enterprise Architecture (EA) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to optimize strategic decision-making in digital service-oriented organizations. These organizations often face challenges such as fragmented decision-making due to disconnected IT systems and limited data-driven insights. The objective of the study is to develop an integrated framework that combines EA and AI to enhance decision-making accuracy, operational efficiency, and strategic alignment. The study employs design science research methodology, involving the development of the framework, expert validation, and testing in simulated organizational scenarios. The findings reveal that the integrated framework improves decision-making by providing real-time, data-driven insights, predictive analytics, and better alignment with organizational goals. AI's role in analyzing large datasets and generating actionable insights allows decision-makers to anticipate future trends and make more informed decisions. The framework significantly outperforms traditional EA approaches, particularly in terms of predictive decision support and adaptive intelligence. The study concludes that the integration of EA and AI provides a robust solution for organizations looking to improve strategic decision-making, enhance operational efficiency, and stay competitive in dynamic business environments.

This study investigates the role of Enterprise Information Systems (EIS) in driving innovation within organizations. The research employs a mixed-method approach, combining survey-based structural analysis and in-depth organizational case studies to explore how different EIS capabilities influence organizational innovation. The study focuses on four key EIS capabilities: functional capabilities such as workforce management and customer value creation; technological capabilities including ERP systems and real-time analytics; dynamic capabilities, especially organizational learning; and collaborative innovation through external partnerships. The survey results reveal that EIS capabilities, particularly data analytics and integration, significantly enhance organizational agility, decision-making, and innovation outcomes. In-depth case studies provide detailed insights into how these capabilities are applied in real-world organizational settings, illustrating their impact on process and service innovation. The findings indicate that the effective integration of EIS across organizational functions, along with improved access to data, contributes to operational efficiency and innovation success. However, challenges such as integration issues, resistance to change, and lack of skilled personnel were also identified as barriers to successful EIS adoption. The study contributes to the literature by offering a comprehensive understanding of how EIS capabilities drive innovation and highlighting the importance of organizational culture and leadership in the adoption process. The research provides practical recommendations for organizations to leverage EIS for fostering innovation, such as focusing on EIS integration, overcoming organizational barriers, and ensuring leadership engagement. Finally, the study suggests future research directions, including the refinement of multi-method approaches and the need for longitudinal studies to better understand the long-term impact of EIS on innovation outcomes.

The advancement of automotive technology has accelerated the adoption of renewable‑energy‑based electric vehicles, including the integration of solar panels on electric scooters. Indonesia’s tropical climate provides abundant solar energy potential; however, the limited surface area of scooters often restricts panel placement to the footrest section. This study aims to evaluate the impact of using a 10 mm clear acrylic cover on the performance of a 50 Wp monocrystalline solar panel in an electric scooter battery‑charging system. An experimental method was employed by comparing the panel’s performance under two conditions: without a cover and with the acrylic cover installed. Key parameters observed included voltage, current, and charging power, recorded using a data logger. Tests were conducted for 30 minutes under varying solar radiation intensities. The results indicate that the acrylic cover reduces the panel’s output power, from 55 W to 45 W at a solar radiation intensity of approximately 1100 W/m². These findings suggest that the use of an acrylic cover must be carefully considered to maintain optimal charging system performance.

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) are the result of human thought that have economic and social value and play a significant role in encouraging creativity, technological innovation, and sustainable national development. IPR protection not only aims to provide legal certainty for creators and rights holders, but also serves as a strategic instrument in strengthening the creative economy. However, low public awareness of the importance of IPR protection and the gap between legal norms and practices in the field result in frequent violations of intellectual works. This study uses a normative-juridical approach combined with a participatory-educational approach, in accordance with the characteristics of community service activities in the legal field. This approach aims to integrate normative legal analysis with legal education activities for the community, thereby producing both conceptual understanding and practical benefits. The results of the activities show a significant increase in public understanding of the relationship between constitutional principles and IPR protection in Indonesia. Through educational activities and legal dialogues, it was revealed that the integration between constitutional principles and the IPR legal system has not been optimal, not only due to limited regulations, but also weak public legal awareness and the application of substantive justice as mandated by the 1945 Constitution. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating constitutional values ​​in the IPR protection system.

Digital transformation initiatives have become essential for organizations seeking to remain competitive in today’s rapidly evolving technological landscape. However, many organizations face challenges due to ineffective Information Systems (IS) governance, which hampers strategic decision-making and the successful execution of these initiatives. This study aims to develop an IS governance framework that enhances decision-making quality by aligning IT decisions with organizational goals during digital transformation efforts. The proposed framework addresses existing gaps in current IS governance models, offering a solution to common challenges such as inadequate governance structures, resource constraints, and misalignment between IT and business strategies. The framework was developed through a mixed-method approach, including conceptual framework development, expert consensus via the Delphi method, and organizational validation studies. Key findings reveal that the framework improves transparency in decision-making, enhances accountability for IT decisions, and ensures better alignment between IT strategies and organizational objectives. By embedding agile leadership and data-driven decision-making principles, the framework enables organizations to respond effectively to the fast-changing dynamics of digital transformation. This study also compares the proposed framework to existing models such as COBIT and ITIL, highlighting its unique features, including its adaptability to the fluid nature of digital transformation. The framework's strengths include its comprehensiveness and flexibility, though its application may face challenges in organizations with limited digital maturity or rigid governance structures. Future research directions include exploring the integration of emerging technologies into the framework and its applicability across different organizational contexts.

In the context of both public organizations and Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), inefficient business processes remain a significant challenge. Fragmented information systems often hinder the optimization of these processes, leading to slower decision-making, redundant efforts, and increased operational costs. This study aims to analyze and optimize business processes by utilizing integrated information systems (IIS), providing a comparative analysis between the two sectors. The theoretical framework explores key theories such as Business Process Management (BPM) and the integration of information systems for process optimization. Previous studies highlight the differences in how IIS implementation impacts the public and SME sectors, noting challenges such as data silos, legacy systems, and resistance to change. A case study analysis methodology was employed to assess the effectiveness of IIS across both sectors. Business Process Modeling (BPMN) was used to visualize business processes before and after optimization, and process performance was measured through key metrics such as time reduction, error rates, and cost efficiency. The results show that IIS integration improved business process efficiency by an average of 28%, with reductions in redundancy and faster decision cycles observed in both sectors. Public organizations benefited from enhanced service delivery and better resource management, while SMEs gained competitive advantages through streamlined operations and increased responsiveness to market demands. The comparison reveals that integrated systems had a greater operational impact than traditional isolated process reengineering methods. Public organizations faced more regulatory and governance challenges, while SMEs leveraged their flexibility for faster integration. Recommendations for both sectors include focusing on overcoming barriers such as resistance to change and investing in system modernization. Future research should explore the long-term effects of IIS integration and further sector-specific comparisons.

Digital transformation (DT) has become a critical component for organizations aiming to enhance their operational efficiency, innovation, and competitiveness. However, many organizations struggle to achieve successful digital transformation due to the misalignment between their Enterprise Information Systems (EIS) and organizational strategic goals. This research seeks to design and validate a model for aligning EIS with digital transformation strategies to improve organizational effectiveness. By adopting the Design Science Research (DSR) approach, this study develops a practical model that integrates strategic planning, process management methodologies, and emerging technologies to facilitate alignment between IT and business strategies. The research includes key steps such as requirement analysis, artifact design, expert validation, and case study evaluation to ensure the model's robustness and applicability across different organizational contexts. Findings indicate that the proposed model significantly improves strategic-system alignment, enhances decision-making consistency, and facilitates better integration between business and IT units. The model also addresses common challenges such as resistance to change, skill gaps, and misalignment, fostering a supportive culture for digital transformation. In comparison to existing descriptive frameworks, the proposed model is more structured, adaptable, and actionable, providing organizations with a clear framework to guide their digital transformation efforts. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on EIS alignment and offers practical insights for organizations seeking to achieve successful digital transformation. Future research could explore the model's application in various organizational settings and examine its impact on long-term organizational growth and innovation.

Brebes Regency is one of the main national centers of shallot production in Indonesia, where agricultural land dynamics play a crucial role in sustaining production performance. Rapid infrastructure development and land-use change have raised concerns regarding the sustainability of shallot cultivation areas. This study aims to analyze spatial–temporal changes in shallot cultivated area and production in Brebes Regency during 2023–2024 and to examine the relationship between land area changes and production levels at the sub-district scale. A descriptive quantitative approach based on spatial analysis was employed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Spatial data consisted of administrative boundary maps, while non-spatial data included shallot cultivated area and production data obtained from the Brebes Regency Office of Agriculture and Food Security. Data integration and analysis were conducted using QGIS through attribute joining and inter-annual comparison. The results indicate that total shallot cultivated area increased from 26,331 ha in 2023 to 28,628 ha in 2024, accompanied by a significant rise in production from 289,942.05 tons to 409,106.90 tons. Spatial analysis reveals that major production centers remain concentrated in the central and northern sub-districts, particularly Wanasari, Larangan, Bulakamba, and Tanjung. Although a positive relationship between land expansion and production increase is evident, variations among sub-districts suggest that productivity and local conditions also play important roles. The findings highlight the effectiveness of GIS-based analysis in supporting spatially informed agricultural land management and policy formulation.

The need for learning materials that can adapt to students’ abilities and characteristics has made the development of AI-based adaptive learning resources increasingly important in elementary education. However, limited digital literacy and high workloads among teachers hinder optimal implementation. This Community Service Program aimed to enhance the competencies of teachers at Sekolah Alam Ananda Mandiri Slawi through workshops, guided practice, and hands-on development of AI-supported adaptive materials. The method included preparation, conceptual presentation, technology demonstration, guided practice, pre–post evaluation, and follow-up support. The results showed a significant improvement, with teachers’ competence in the “good” category increasing from 22.5% to 82.5%, and all participants (100%) successfully producing at least one adaptive module and one deep-learning-based material component. Furthermore, 92% of participants reported that the program greatly improved their digital literacy and pedagogical understanding. Thus, this activity effectively strengthened teachers’ competencies and provided a strong foundation for the sustainable integration of AI-based adaptive learning materials in elementary classrooms.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of enforcement actions undertaken by the Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU) in Indonesia in 2025 against various forms of unfair business practices. Using a juridical-normative approach combined with an analysis of recent market data, this article examines the KPPU’s strategic response to the challenges posed by the digital economy. The study focuses on the enforcement of competition law against cartel practices, algorithmic collusion, abuse of dominant positions, and anticompetitive vertical integration, particularly in the logistics and food sectors. The findings indicate that 2025 marks a significant turning point in Indonesian competition law enforcement, characterized by a shift toward more aggressive and data-driven supervision. Strengthening enforcement authority, particularly in the execution of fines, along with the adoption of algorithmic audits, has enhanced the KPPU’s ability to detect and deter anticompetitive behavior. These measures aim not only to preserve market efficiency and fair competition but also to ensure that national economic growth is not concentrated among a small number of dominant firms, thereby promoting more equitable opportunities for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs).

Islamic educational institutions face various challenges in human resource management, such as internal conflicts, low work motivation, and suboptimal performance of educators. These issues impact the effectiveness of institutions in achieving educational goals. This article aims to analyze how the synergy between conflict management and work motivation can improve human resource performance in Islamic educational institutions based on Islamic values. The issues examined include how conflict management and motivation contribute to performance improvement, as well as how Islamic values can be used as a basis for their management. The method used is a literature study by reviewing various relevant literature from journals, books, and previous research results. The results of the study show that conflicts that are managed constructively and motivation that is built on the basis of Islamic spiritual values can create a productive and sustainable work culture. The synergistic integration of the two can encourage an improvement in work ethic, teamwork, and the quality of educational services. This article provides a theoretical contribution to the development of HR management strategies in Islamic educational institutions based on Sharia values.

Diarrhea and Tuberculosis (TB) remain significant public health problems in Indonesia, including Rembang Regency. This study aims to analyze the spatial distribution and temporal changes of Diarrhea and TB cases in Rembang Regency during 2023–2024 using a Geographic Information Sistem (GIS) approach. A descriptive-analytic method was applied using secondary data, including administrative boundary shapefiles, disease case data, and health facility data at the sub-district level. Spatial processing and analysis were conducted using QGIS to produce thematic maps and compare disease distribution patterns between years. The results indicate that Diarrhea and TB cases were unevenly distributed across sub-districts and formed distinct spatial patterns. Case changes between 2023 and 2024 varied spatially, reflecting dynamic disease trends. The integration of disease maps with health facility distribution shows that areas with high case numbers were not always supported by adequate health facilities. The implementation of GIS-based maps into a web platform enhances accessibility and supports spatial-based public health decision-making.

The rapid growth of the culinary industry in Purwokerto has led to the emergence of numerous coffee shops with unique and competitive concepts. La Puerto Coffee & Eatery stands out as one of the leading businesses by implementing a green building concept and modern industrial design. This study aims to analyze the business processes of La Puerto using the SWOT and Value Chain methods to identify its strategic position and sustainable development opportunities. The research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach through direct observation, interviews with management and customers, and literature review. The results show that La Puerto’s main strengths lie in its eco-friendly concept, strategic location, and high-quality service, while its weaknesses include limited digitalization and underdeveloped marketing strategies. The Value Chain analysis reveals that most primary activities are effective; however, digital integration needs improvement to enhance efficiency and value creation. Overall, the combination of SWOT and Value Chain analyses provides a comprehensive understanding of business potential, suggesting that digital transformation, service innovation, and community-based marketing are key strategies for sustaining La Puerto Coffee & Eatery’s competitiveness in the dynamic culinary industry.