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This study examines company size, liquidity and asset structure on capital structure in the food and beverage manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2011-2015. Analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression. The test results show that for liquidity variables affect the capital structure, this shows that companies that have high liquidity, will choose to use funding from internal sources first, namely using their current assets rather than having to use funding through debt. These findings support the Pecking Order Theory which states that companies will prefer to use internal funding, namely by using their current assets to meet their funding needs. Test results for company size and asset structure show no effect on capital structure.

This study aimed to find an alternative solution, to “return to the right path” with the wages of employees of PT Asia Pacific Fibers, Inc. which is outside the structure and pay scales (overpaid and underpaid). For employees whose wages are above the wage structure, certainly can not necessarily reduce the underpaid wages and vice versa can not be added just like that. The argument must be given a reasonable and acceptable to all parties. This argument not only for the 32 people who are outside the wage structure of wages. But it also applies to other employees. For those whose wages are above the wage structure, attempted to hold / pressed  so that the gap is too wide. As for who is under the wage structure should be encouraged to enter the structure and pay scales range.The argument in question is to provide wage adjustment mechanism that is acceptable to all parties. Managing underpaid and overpaid very closely with wage adjustments each year conducted by the company. Population as well as Sample is an employee of PT Asia Pacific Fiber, Inc Kaliwungu some 32 people. The data was collected by interviews, gathering documents and questionnaires to dissect the background of the respondents. With this study, the expected structure and pay scales can be maintained so that the overpaid and underpaid does not existancy more. 

This research aims to examine the effect of firm size, profitability,financial leverage, boox-tax differences and public ownership structureto income smoothing at manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (Bursa Efek Indonesia) in 2014-2017.The population in this research are Manufacturing Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (Bursa Efek Indonesia). Sampling method using purposive sampling in the technique of data analysis is multiple linear regression analysis.The results of this research indicate that firm size, profitability, financial leveragehave a positif significant influence on Income Smoothing. Public ownership structurehave a negativesignificant effect on Income Smoothin whileboox-tax differences have no effect on Income Smoothing.  Keywords: Firm Size, Profitability, Financial Leverage, Boox-Tax Differences, Public Ownership Structure, and Income Smoothing.

This study examines the effect of capital structure, independent commissioners, managerial ownership, institutional ownership and firm size on earnings quality. The sample in this study used 104 data from 26 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2014-2017 by using purposive sampling method. The analysis tools used are normality test, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression test, model test and hypothesis test. Based on the research that has been done, the results of this study showed that frim size have a significant positive effect on earnings quality, capital structure and independent commissioners have a significant negative effect on earnings quality. While managerial ownership and institutional ownership have no significant effect on earnings quality.  Keywords: capital structure, independent commisiones, managerial ownership, institutionalownership firm size and earnings quality

This research aims to investigate the impact of ownership structure (foreign ownership, promoter ownership, managerial ownership, and public ownership) on firm value mediated by idiosyncratic risk. The population used is the whole companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI) on the period of 2013-2017. The number of samples is 182 companies each year, which was selected by purposive sampling method. This research uses documentary data, i.e. the annual report and financial statements. Path analysis used to analyze data and hypothesis mediation analysed by using Sobel test. The results show that foreign ownership, managerial ownership, and public ownership have a negative and significant impact on the idiosyncratic risk, while the promoter ownership has a positive and significant impact on the idiosyncratic risk. Idiosyncratic risk and promoter have a negative and significant impact on firm value, foreign ownership  has a positive but  insignificant impact on firm value, while managerial ownership and public ownership have a positive and significant impact on firm value. In addition, idiosyncraticn risk can madiate the impact of ownership structure (foreign ownership, promoter ownership, managerial ownership, and public ownership) on firm value. The implication of this research is that companies and investors can consider the importance of idiosyncratic risk through diversification of ownership structure as a mechanism for achieving firm value. The idiosyncratic risk is expected to assist the investor in making business decisions as they reflect the company’s specific information and fluctuate accordingly and the movement is independent of market movements.  Keywords : ownership structure, foreign ownership, promoter ownership, managerial ownership, public ownership, idiosyncratic risk, and firm value

This study examines the effects of institutional ownership structures, managerial ownership structures, public ownership structures, growth opportunities,debt convenant (leverage), tax and political costs, litigation risk to accounting conservatism. The research was conducted at the Indonesian Stock Exchange by using a go public manufacturing company as the unit of analysis. The sampling method used purposive sampling with the observation period from 2014-2016. Relationship and between variable is described by using multiple regression analysis. The results showes that the institutional ownership structures had no significant effect on accounting conservatism,managerial ownership structures had no significant effect on accounting conservatism, public ownership structures had no significant effect on accounting conservatism, growth opportunities has negative no significant effect on accounting conservatism, Debt Convenant (leverage) has negative effect on accounting conservatism, tax and political costs has positive effect on accounting Conservatism, litigation risk has negative effect on accounting conservatism  Keyword: institutional ownership structures, managerial ownership structures, public ownership structures, growth opportunities,debt convenant (leverage), tax and political costs, litigation risk and accounting conservatism.

The aim of the research is to find an empirical evidence concerning the implementation of customer perspective of Balanced Scorecard (BSC) in Assalaam Islamic Modern Boarding School Surakarta (AIMBS Surakarta). It is a case study research. Qualitative research design is conducted using semi-structured interviews with 27 members from different stakeholders. Research findings showed that customer perspective of BSC and attributes in strategy map of BSC have been implemented well in AIMBS Surakarta. Besides, the research found supporting factor of implementation of customer perspective of BSC in AIMBS Surakarta, namely: strong commitment from management to adjust the change. The limitation of the research is that the research findings can not be generalized. For future research, it is suggested that the researcher will add the numbers of research object so that the generalization of the research findings can be achieved. Thus, it will give clearer description about implementation of customers perpective of BSC in Islamic boarding schools

The purpose of this study is to analyze and provide empirical evidence about the influence of budgeting participation and budget goal characteristics on managerial performance with a non-physical work environment as moderation. Population variables in this study are all leaders and financial officers in private vocational schools in the city of Semarang listed in the structure of the division of school work in 2016 which amounted to 14 vocational high schools and each was taken by 3 people so that there were 42 respondents, while the sampling technique used the census method. Data analysis method used is Regression Moderation Analysis (MRA) Hypothesis 1 test results note that the value of t arithmetic = 3.012> t table = 1.694 with a number of significance = 0.003 <α = 0.05 (significant), so the hypothesis (H1) that participation budgeting has a positive effect. on proven managerial job performance. Regression coefficient β1 = 0.567 (positive sign), it can be interpreted that the higher the participation in budgeting, the higher the managerial performance. Hypothesis 2 testing is known that the value of t = 2.723> t table = 1.694 with a significance value = 0.010 <α = 0.05 (significant), so the hypothesis (H2) that the characteristics of the budgetary objectives have a positive effect on managerial performance of the work proved. Stepwise coefficient = 0.279 (benchmark), can be interpreted more clearly the characteristics of the managerial level budget objectives. Testing hypothesis 3 is known that the value of t 2.484> t table = 1.694 with a significance value = 0.026 <α = 0.05 (significant), so the hypothesis (H3) that the work environment is not moderate, moderate moderate positive positive effect on budget participation on managerial work performance proven. Testing hypothesis 4 is known that the value of t arithmetic 2.333> t table = 1.694 with the number of significance = 0.032 <α = 0.05 (significance nt). Thus the hypothesis (H4) that the non-physical work environment positively influences the characteristics of budgetary goals on proven managerial work performance. Interaction test results show β4 = 0.163 (positive sign), it can be interpreted that the existence of a non-physical work environment that is conducive will strengthen the influence of the characteristics of the budget objectives on managerial work performance. Keywords: Budget participation, characteristics of budget objectives, non-physical work environment, managerial work performance

This research is about the value of manufacture company in Indonesian stock exchange from 2012 until 2016. The purpose of this research is to analyze profitability, and good corporate governance in mediating the influence of company growth and capital structure to firm value. The sample is selected through purposive sampling as many as 46 manufacturing companies in Indonesian stock exchange. The data obtained by analyzing the company's financial statements of the year 2012 to 2016. Data analysis is using multiple linear regression with SEM-PLS 4.0 program. The result showed that company growth has a significant positive effect to profitability, capital structure has positive effect not significant to profitability. The company growth has a negative effect not significant to good corporate governance, capital structure has positive effect not significant to good corporate governance. The company growth has positive effect not significant to firm value, capital structure has negative effect not significant to firm value. Profitability, and good corporate governance have a significant positive effect on firm value. Profitability mediates the influence of company growth, and the capital structure to firm value. Good corporate governance does not mediate the effect of company growth, and the capital structure to firm value, good corporate governance mediates the influence of capital structure to firm value.

The existence of governance structure such as board ofcommissioners and audit committee implies a better monitoring functionon the financial reporting process that represent manager actions.Nevertheless, the quality of the monitoring function depends on howeffective the board and the audit committee perform their duties. Thisstudy examines how the effectiveness of the board of commissioners andaudit committee in a two tierboard structure influences the taxaggressiveness.This study develops a score for board and audit committeeeffectiveness by using a checklist which captures how the independence,activity, size, and competence characteristics are reflected in the board ofcommissioners and audit committe.Hypothesis testing is carried out byusing a multiple regression model of 105 observations (firm-year) withthe sample taken from manufacture companies listed on the IndonesianStock Exchange during t.Results of this study provide robust evidencethat a more effective board of commissioners and audit committee willdecrease tax aggressiveness.

This study aims to examines the effect of ownership structure on corporateperformance of manufacturing companies listed in BEI or Indonesia StockExchange for the period 2010-2013. Ownership structure consisted offoreign ownership, government ownership, managerial ownership,institutional ownership and family ownership. Corporate performance ismeasured by ROE (Return on Equity). This study is used 216 samples ofmanufacturing companies listed in BEI or Indonesia Stock Exchange forthe period 2010-2013. This study is used a multiple regression. The resultsshow that foreign ownership, government ownership, institusionalownership and family ownership have a positive and significant effect toCorporate performance. Managerial ownershiphas no influenceonCorporate performance.

This study aimed to analyze the influence of the company's growth, profitability, asset structure, business risk, tax and liquidity to funding decisions on manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange.The population in this research is manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2015. Sample selection is done by purposive sampling method. Data were processed as many as 242 companies. Mechanical testing data is by using multiple linear regression analysis.The results of analysis show that the variable asset structure and tax significant positive effect on funding decision, the variable  liquidity (current ratio) significant negative effect on funding decision, while the variable  business risk does not affect to the funding decision on Manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.Keywords: asset structure, business risk, tax, liquidity and funding decision

This study examines financial difficulties can occur if the auditcommittee does not perform its roles and responsibilities effectively. Theperformance of an audit committee can be measured by its characteristics,including the size, independence, activity of the audit committee, and thecompetencies of audit committee members. Based on the discussion of researchresults described above, then there are some implications found and can addinformation for the company, investors and other parties associated with thecompany's activities. The results conclude that the size of the auditcommittee, the independence of the audit committee and the financialknowledge of audit committee members can not prove a significant influenceon financial difficulties. This research proves that the existence of women ingender audit committee is able to avoid the company from financialdifficulties. The frequency of meetings of audit committee members can proveto have a significant negative effect on the financial difficulty. This isbecause the frequency of meetings of members of the audit committee has arole in changing the pattern of management behavior and communicationamong members more structured so that the company's condition will notexperience financial difficulties.

Small pelagic fisheries play an important role in food security, coastal livelihoods, and local fishery economies in Indonesia. Sardinella fimbriata is one of the economically important small pelagic fish species widely utilized in coastal communities. However, increasing fishing pressure may alter population size structure and reduce reproductive sustainability. This study aimed to analyze the size structure, gonad maturity stage, and exploitation status of Sardinella fimbriata in Kwandang Waters, Tomini Bay, Indonesia. The research was conducted from August to November 2025 using a descriptive quantitative approach. A total of 1,560 fish samples collected from commercial landings were measured for total length and examined macroscopically for gonad maturity. Data were analyzed using length-frequency distribution, maturity proportion, and logistic regression to estimate length at first maturity (L₅₀). The results showed that fish length ranged from 8.0 to 19.9 cm and was dominated by the 12.0–15.9 cm size group, accounting for 75.45% of total samples. Immature gonads dominated the catch, representing 91.35% of individuals, while mature fish accounted for only 8.65%. Logistic regression estimated L₅₀ at 16.72 cm, whereas the average catch length was 13.56 cm with an Lc/L₅₀ ratio of 0.81. These findings indicate that most fish were captured before reaching reproductive maturity, suggesting growth overfishing conditions. The study highlights the importance of minimum catch size regulation, selective fishing gear, and routine biological monitoring to support sustainable management of small pelagic fisheries in Tomini Bay.

This community service activity is motivated by the importance of Strengthening digital communication capacity within environmental communities to support the sustainability of community-based environmental conservation movements. The MAT PECI Community (Indonesian Community for Ciliwung Care) as an active partner in conservation and education along the Ciliwung River still faces limitations in managing digital organizational communication, particularly in documentation, publication, and social media optimization aspects. This activity aims to enhance the capacity of community members in utilizing digital media as a means of communication, education, and environmental advocacy. The method used is Participatory Action Research with a participatory approach that involves the community actively from problem identification, planning, implementation, to evaluation. The program includes digital communication training, mentoring in social media content creation, basic photography and videography training, and the development of community digital publication strategies. The results show an increase in members’ understanding and skills in using social media, behavioral changes toward more structured documentation, greater awareness of the importance of digital communication, and the formation of a more directed organizational communication system. The findings indicate that strengthening community-based digital communication is effective in social empowerment and supports the sustainability of environmental conservation movements.

This study aims to analyze the factors that affect the capital structure. Factors examined as independent variables are profitability, company size, business risk, growth opportunities and managerial ownership. Variable profitability, company size, business risk is analyzed in the perspective of the pecking order theory and variable growth opportunities and managerial ownership is analyzed in the perspective of agency theory.Hypothesis testing using multiple regression. The population in this study is manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Sampling technique using purposive sampling method. The samples used 222 observations are pooled data from 2008 to 2010. Types of data used are secondary data. Statistical tests showed hypotheses for the variables profitability and business risk accepted. This means that the profitability and business risk significantly and negatively related to capital structure. Hypothesis testing results for firm size variable positive and significant impact on capital structure. Thus the hypothesis is rejected due to size of company direction opposite hypothesis. Variable growth opportunities and managerial ownership and significant negative effect on capital structure.Keywords: capital structure, profitability, company size, business risk, growth opportunity, managerial ownership, the pecking order theory, agency theory.

Abstract:KUHAP and integrated criminal justice system need some pre requisite to conduct. Based on the elements, the integrity of criminal justice system needs to be synchronized both the structure, substance and the culture. In Criminal Law (The Formal Law)  as it is stated in UU No 8 1981 about criminal law , it is already put the framework to conduct the integrated criminal justice through the arrangement of functional relation mechanism between investigating officer and general prosecutor, investigating officer and court, general prosecutor and court and court/attorney and correctional institution. Key words: KUHAP,  integrated criminal justice system.

Abstract: Sunset policy is a government program to invite people to pay their tax. Sunset policy is hoped to improve structure and infra structure tax paying. Sunset policy aims at driving tax payer in fulfilling their obligation. The opportunity to the tax payer to become the honest tax payer trough this policy is hoped to raise tax paying in the future. This willing in paying tax need to be conducted by giving an easy service and transparent management. Therefore, it is necessary to explain the society about the rules and the related laws. It is hoped to give improvement in tax paying. Keywords: sunset policy, tax payers, obidience

Abstract Vice president is a government officer one level below president. Vice president is stated by a constitution of a state to accompany the president when he is on his official duty in other country or when the president returns his position either for a widrawal or permanent reason such as a death. The article 4, clause (2) of Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 states that president in his duties is assisted by a vice president in the Republic of Indonesia state structure system. The duties and authority of vice president  in the state structure system of Republic Indonesia is not rigidly stated in the constitution, in spite of the previous amandment of the constitution. Therefore, the account of justify of vice president is not clear. Vice president is still regarded as the second person. Key words : Vice president

This study seek to examined factors that affect the timeliness of corporate internet reporting (CIR) in listed companies on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. Key factors used firm characteristics (firm size, type of bussiness, profitability, leverage, liquidity, issuance of stock) and corporate governance variables (public ownership structure, proportion of supervisory board and supervisory board size).Population of this study was Indonesian Listed Company in 2008 at Indonesian Stock Exchange .The sample was 195 firms Based on purposive sampling technique. Multiple regression analysis used to test the hypothesis.The regression analysis found that a significant relationship between the timeliness of CIR and firm size. However, others variable like type of bussiness, profitability, leverage, liquidity, stock issues, public ownership structure, proportion of supervisory board and supervisory board size was not significant relationship with timeliness of CIR.. This results indicated that firms typically in big size se modisclore timely information on their web sites