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Guidance and Counseling services have a strategic role in supporting students’ holistic development, including academic, social, emotional, and moral aspects. However, in practical implementation, counseling services in schools still show a gap between theoretical ideal concepts and real field practices. This study aims to analyze the role of school counselors in the implementation of Guidance and Counseling services at MTs Ibnu Sina Karawang, focusing on the counselor’s role, teacher-student interaction patterns, supporting factors, and challenges faced during implementation. This research employed a qualitative approach through semi-structured interviews with the school principal, teachers, and selected students. The findings show that the counselor plays multiple roles, namely as a disciplinary guide, personal counselor, moral educator, and facilitator of religious character strengthening. The interaction between counselors and students is carried out through humanistic, empathetic and communicative approaches. Supporting factors include strong collaboration among teachers, principals, homeroom teachers, and religious-based school activities. Meanwhile, several obstacles are found such as limited number of counselors, lack of students’ comprehensive understanding about BK functions, limited time allocation, and negative stigma that counseling services are only for problematic students. This research emphasizes the need for strengthening counseling literacy and transforming services into more preventive, developmental, collaborative, and continuously progressive student-oriented programs.

This study has two main objectives, namely (1) to identify various difficulties experienced by students in reading activities in class III of MI Al-Barokah, and (2) to analyze the application of puzzle media as an alternative solution to overcome these difficulties. The research approach used is qualitative with a case study method. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation of teaching and learning activities. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model, which includes the stages of data collection, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that third-grade students at MI Al-Barokah still faced various obstacles in reading, including spelling letters one by one, needing the teacher's help when pronouncing words, difficulty distinguishing certain letters, often repeating words or sentences, and not being able to read fluently overall. The use of puzzle media proved to be effective in helping teachers overcome these problems. The use of this media was also able to increase student activity, foster a spirit of learning, and foster their interest in reading activities in the third grade at MI Al-Barokah.

This research aims to design and build a letter archive information system at the KOFIPINDO Law Office to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of document management. The manual filing system that has been used so far poses various obstacles, such as search delays, the risk of losing documents, and low storage accuracy. To overcome these problems, this study applies the Waterfall System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) model in the process of designing and building the system. Web-based technologies used include PHP, HTML, CSS, Bootstrap, and MySQL. The results of the study show that the developed letter archive information system is able to simplify the process of storing, searching, and managing incoming and outgoing letters in a faster, structured, and safer manner. The implementation of this system not only improves administrative performance, but also strengthens accountability and supports the need for professional legal documentation within the KOFIPINDO Law Office. Thus, this web-based mail archive information system can be a strategic solution in modernizing legal document management.

The advancement of digitalization and government programs through the Electronic-Based Government System (SPBE) have impacted digital performance systems at various levels of government. The Puloniti village government is also one of the village governments that needs to transform conventional performance into digital performance in response to global challenges. Through this study, the research team aims to assess the capacity of the Puloniti village government to carry out digital work transformation and identify the main obstacles that hinder it. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach through observation, interviews, and documentation. This study identified two main obstacles for the Puloniti village government in carrying out digital performance transformation: limited human resource literacy and inadequate software facilities and infrastructure.

The Planning, Research, and Development Agency (BAPPELITBANG) has an important role in supporting regional development planning and evaluation. One of the main activities of this agency is the coordination of working visits with external agencies or institutions. The process of managing schedules and work visit reports is currently still carried out manually, causing obstacles such as delays in information, duplicate schedules, and lack of integration of report data. This research aims to design a web-based application that is able to manage work visit schedules in a structured manner and facilitate the creation of visit reports digitally. The method used in this study is the Waterfall system development method which includes needs analysis, system design, implementation, and testing. The results of the study show that the application is able to display the visit schedule in real time, minimize schedule conflicts, and speed up the process of preparing work visit reports. Thus, this application makes a significant contribution in increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of the work visit administration process at BAPPELITBANG.

This research focuses on examining the innovation of licensing and accreditation services for educational institutions within the Department of Education and Culture of Sidoarjo Regency, as a strategy to ensure effective, transparent, and accountable education governance in the digital age. This research is based on bureaucratic intricacies, poor integration of information systems, and inadequate digital skills among civil servants in overseeing public education services. This research utilized a qualitative descriptive method, gathering data via in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation involving department personnel, school leaders, and representatives from educational institutions benefiting from the services. The results indicate that service innovation via the deployment of digital systems like the Sidoarjo Education Online System and e-Accreditation has effectively expedited licensing procedures, enhanced administrative efficiency, and bolstered transparency and public information release. Nonetheless, the primary obstacles persist in coordination between departments, opposition to changes in organizational culture, and insufficient human resource skills in managing digital systems. This research highlights that the effectiveness of public service innovation in education relies not just on adopting technology but also on improving collaborative governance and increasing bureaucratic capabilities. The research suggests creating a cooperative, data-informed, and participatory innovation framework to guarantee the sustainability and inclusivity of educational service innovation in Sidoarjo Regency.

This study was motivated by the fact that teachers' learning strategies are very important for improving student motivation, understanding, and learning effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to identify the learning approaches used by teachers, the challenges faced, and how these approaches were applied to students in the 10th grade Geography class at SMAN 6 Malang. This study uses a descriptive qualitative methodology that collects data through interviews, observations, and documentation. Furthermore, the data were analyzed through the steps of reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The research information consisted of geography teachers, 10th grade students, and other related parties. The results showed that expository and inquiry strategies were the most effective learning strategies used by teachers to help students learn. Unresponsive students, negative peer influence, and the habit of sleeping in class are some of the obstacles in the learning process. Students' ability to systematically and coherently organize and convey conclusions demonstrates the impact of applying learning strategies. According to this study, teachers must continue to improve their skills through learning training. Students are also expected to be more focused and active during the teaching and learning process.

This research aims to analyze the process of issuing the Ship Operation Plan RPK document and the procedure for adding a port of call, both managed by PT. Citra Maritime Batam using the Sea Traffic and Transport Information System SIMLALA. Within the national sea transport ecosystem, the RPK document serves as the official approval that allows Indonesian-flagged vessels to operate, covering both fixed-route liner and non-fixed-route tramper voyages. The research methodology employed is a combination of Field Research and Library Research. Data were collected through direct observation in the field to understand the detailed steps within the SIMLALA system, alongside literature review to obtain the theoretical foundation related to the RPK document and maritime administration mechanisms. The findings of this study highlight that the main objective of this process is to ensure that the ship can sail in compliance with applicable regulations, possessing valid certificates and approved routes. PT. Citra Maritime Batam, acting as the agent, plays a vital role in integrating ship data to complete the necessary documentation at Batam Port. The key to the smooth running of this process is effective coordination between the agent and relevant authorities in Batam to guarantee the seamless arrival, departure, and adherence to government regulations, thereby ensuring ship operational processes run without systemic or field-level obstacles.

Manifest is a list of cargo contents carried by a ship, which contains the type of goods, cargo number, sender's name and recipient's address at the destination port also called a bill of lading. When handling manifest documents in the shipping world, it requires the issuance of manifests as a condition for transporting goods and the obstacle is that the cargo shrinks too much during ullage so that the final result of the load causes delays in processing manifest documents. In the research paper made by the author using the field method (Field Search) and also with the research method of library study (Library Study) obtained from references from the library of the Indonesian Maritime Polytechnic Adiguna Medan (Poltek AMI) the purpose of writing this paper is to find out how to handle liquid bulk cargo manifest documents. As well as efforts made so that the handling of manifest documents runs with smoothly organized procedures at PT Seroja Jaya Agensi Kuala Tanjung. As for efforts to run smoothly when handling manifest documents, Among them shipping instructions must be sent on time by the Shipper when the ship has not docked and before the ship loads palm oil products at jetty A Multi Nabati Asahan.

The digital transformation of public administration in recent decades has reshaped government service delivery, particularly through the adoption of technology as a tool to enhance transparency, efficiency, and accountability. The implementation of the Online Single Submission–Risk Based Approach (OSS-RBA) represents Indonesia’s strategic effort to create an integrated licensing framework aligned with the principles of good governance. This study aims to analyze the forms of administrative responsibility in digital-based licensing services under OSS-RBA and examine the accountability mechanisms applicable when system failures affect legal certainty for business actors. The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches through the examination of regulations, doctrines, and administrative court decisions. The findings indicate that digitalization does not alter the core of governmental responsibility, as every decision generated by the system is legally attributed to the competent administrative authority. The implementation of OSS-RBA still faces obstacles such as system errors, data inconsistencies between institutions, and delays in technical verification, all of which directly affect legal certainty and the quality of public services. Furthermore, internal and external oversight mechanisms are not yet fully effective in preventing maladministration, including unreasonable delays and inaccuracies in automated decision-making. The study also shows that business actors require more responsive administrative remedies to prevent technological risks from shifting entirely onto them. Therefore, this research concludes that the effectiveness of OSS-RBA depends on strengthening institutional capacity, harmonizing regulations, and ensuring the consistent application of good governance principles throughout all stages of digital licensing administration.  

This study aims to determine how to optimize container loading and unloading activities at PT. Pelindo Multi Terminal Sibolga Branch. Container loading and unloading activities are one of the main activities in port operations that greatly affect the efficiency and productivity of maritime logistics. PT. Pelindo Multi Terminal Sibolga Branch as one of the port service providers has an important role in ensuring the flow of goods in the West Coast of North Sumatra. This study is to analyze and identify factors that affect container loading and unloading performance as well as optimization strategies to improve time, costs, and resource utilization. The methods used in this study include field observations, interviews with related parties, and analysis of historical data on operational activities. The results of the study indicate that the main obstacles come from limited equipment, lack of coordination between parties, and low utilization of information technology. Suggested optimization efforts include the addition of heavy equipment for unloading, increasing workforce training, and digitalizing monitoring and scheduling systems.  

This research seeks to examine adaptive and sustainable internal governance approaches to enhance the operations of the Household Division within the General Bureau at the East Java Province Regional Secretariat. The study concentrates on four main elements: the integration and compatibility of SIM-BMD with financial systems and LPSE, technology-driven centralized logistics frameworks, the execution of asset lifecycle SOPs involving preventive maintenance and quick transfer methods, and the enhancement of human resource capabilities through targeted training and the creation of digital leaders. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach within a case study framework, information was gathered via detailed interviews, participatory observation, and analysis of institutional documents. The results indicate that integrating systems improves transparency, efficiency in reporting, and accountability in asset management. The centralized logistics approach paired with intelligent warehouse techniques greatly enhances distribution efficiency and decreases operational expenses. Additionally, proactive asset lifecycle management reduces the chances of asset deterioration and prolongs its useful life. Nonetheless, inconsistent digital skills among staff continue to pose a significant obstacle, necessitating ongoing training initiatives and guidance. The research suggests promoting a data-centric work environment, inclusive digital advancements, and collaboration among departments to establish a professional, effective, and sustainable internal governance framework consistent with the tenets of good governance and smart government

The current penal system in Indonesia focuses solely on the punitive nature of sentencing, without considering how to effectively reform the child offender for the better. This research employs a normative juridical method. The litigation process or juvenile justice system has been specifically regulated under Law Number 12 of 2011, which prioritizes the diversion system. In the litigation process, children's rights to grow, develop, and receive education must not be diminished. The educational penal system for children as criminal offenders has been regulated in Law Number 3 of 1997, particularly concerning the sanctions imposed on children as stipulated in Article 24 paragraph (1), which include: returning the child to their parents, guardian, or foster parent; handing over the child to the state to undergo education, coaching, and job training; or handing the child over to the Ministry of Social Affairs or social organizations engaged in education, coaching, and job training. The diversion system implemented in Indonesia differs from the diversion systems applied in other countries, where the system often collaborates with the Ministry of Social Affairs. According to Law Number 12 of 2011, diversion must be prioritized for children in order to prevent psychological harm. Obstacles in implementing educational sentencing or diversion systems for children arise when judges in Indonesia impose sentences rigidly based solely on statutory provisions, without considering the background, the best interests of the child, or the psychological impact of the decision, and without prioritizing justice for the child.

Law Number 51 of 2009 represents a pivotal milestone in strengthening the authority of the Indonesian Administrative Court (PTUN), particularly regarding the executorial aspects of its decisions, which were previously considered weak and insufficient in providing adequate legal protection for the public. This study aims to examine and analyze the executorial power of PTUN decisions following the enactment of the regulation, with a focus on the effectiveness of decision enforcement, the obstacles encountered, and the implications for governance based on the principles of the rule of law. Employing a normative juridical approach supported by analyses of literature, legislation, and selected court decisions, this research demonstrates that Law 51/2009 has brought significant progress, especially through provisions requiring administrative officials to comply with court rulings, the introduction of administrative sanctions, and the application of dwangsom as a coercive measure. However, its effectiveness remains suboptimal due to several persistent challenges, including weak oversight of officials who fail to implement decisions, the limited application of sanctions in practice, and a bureaucratic culture that tends to be unresponsive to judicial authority. Additionally, disharmony among sectoral regulations and insufficient inter-agency coordination further hinder the executorial function of PTUN.

In international relations, it is very necessary to pay attention to what a country can and cannot do when interacting with other countries as a form of respect for sovereignty and international norms. Relations between countries in international life also include the involvement of international organizations that have an important role in maintaining global stability. In accordance with the goal of international organizations to resolve conflicts between countries, one of the conflicts that must be of concern to the world is armed conflict. One of the wars that is still in the spotlight to this day is the war between Israel and Palestine in the Gaza Strip. The research method used in this article is a normative legal research method with a literature approach and a case approach, namely related to war crimes in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in the Gaza Strip. The United Nations as part of an international organization within the framework of the Law of the International Organization has made various efforts to maintain peace in Palestine. However, because this war is one of the most complicated, protracted, and fraught with international political importance, its resolution still faces various obstacles that make it difficult to end the conflict to this day.

This study investigates the optimization of Fathul Qorib text-based instruction in the fiqh chapter of fasting to enhance the practical understanding of fasting among third-grade students at Madrasah Diniyah Raudhatul Hasaniyah 1. The research background emerges from the gap between students’ theoretical knowledge of fasting and its practical application in daily worship. Using a qualitative approach with observation, interviews, and documentation, the study explores instructional interactions between teachers and students, pedagogical strategies, and behavioral changes that follow the implementation. The findings indicate that the Fathul Qorib approach significantly improves comprehension of fasting pillars, intention, conditions, and violations that nullify fasting. Additionally, the teacher’s role, learning atmosphere, and student engagement were key supporting factors, while limited time and varied student abilities served as obstacles. The implications suggest that classical kitab-based learning, when adapted through interactive methodology, remains effective for building authentic Islamic practice and character.

The implementation of management information systems is a crucial instrument for improving the effectiveness of performance and service quality in local government agencies. The digital transformation driven by national policy requires local governments to manage data and information in an integrated, accurate, and timely manner. However, in practice, the implementation of management information systems still faces various obstacles, both in terms of human resources, technological infrastructure, and organizational policy support. This study aims to analyze the implementation of management information systems in local government agencies and identify the supporting and inhibiting factors that influence it. The research method used is a qualitative approach through a literature review of national journals and relevant scientific papers published between 2021 and 2025. Data were analyzed descriptively and analytically to obtain a comprehensive picture of the implementation patterns of management information systems in local government. The analysis results indicate that management information systems contribute positively to improving the effectiveness of organizational performance and the quality of public services when supported by competent personnel, available infrastructure, and leadership commitment. Conversely, weak coordination, limited human resources, and resistance to change are the main factors hindering implementation. This research is expected to serve as evaluation material and a reference for local governments in optimizing the implementation of management information systems on a sustainable basis.

The rapid development of digital technology has driven the advancement of the gaming industry in Indonesia, including the emergence of local games such as DreadOut by Digital Happiness, which has gained international recognition. However, this success is accompanied by serious challenges in the form of piracy through illegal websites that harm copyright holders. This study aims to analyze the legal protection of the game DreadOut against piracy practices based on Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright. The method used is a normative juridical approach through statutory analysis and literature study. The findings show that DreadOut is a copyrighted work categorized as a video game and is legally protected. Nevertheless, law enforcement against piracy still faces various obstacles, such as the complaint-based offense system, low public awareness, and the ease of access to piracy sites. Therefore, stronger inter-agency cooperation, policy reforms to shift complaint-based offenses into ordinary offenses, and public education to increase respect for intellectual property rights are needed. Effective legal protection will support the growth of the local gaming industry and ensure the sustainability of Indonesian creative works in the digital era.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between the concept of responsive law developed by Robert Nonet and Philip Selznick and the benefits of sustainable development in the context of Indonesian law. Using normative legal research methods, this study focuses on the study of legal doctrines, scientific literature, and regulations related to sustainable development. The results of the study show that responsive law has the potential to become a more adaptive and participatory regulatory framework. This legal model is relevant to strengthening sustainable development policies because it supports the integration of social values, environmental protection, and intergenerational justice. However, structural challenges such as bureaucracy, regulatory inconsistency, and weak law enforcement remain obstacles to the implementation of responsive law in Indonesia. This study confirms that the application of responsive law can increase the effectiveness of sustainable development policies when developed in conjunction with the strengthening of national legal institutions.  

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of the public sector accounting cycle in the planning, implementation, administration, and evaluation of catfish cultivation programs run by BUMDes Ajoeng Jaya as part of the village food security program. The focus of the research departs from the need to ensure that each stage of the management of the BUMDes program runs according to the principles of public accountability, considering that BUMDes is a strategic entity in the management of village resources to improve the welfare of the community. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach through field observation, in-depth interviews with the management of BUMDes Ajoeng Jaya, and a review of documentation related to catfish farming program activities and financial records. This approach allows researchers to gain a comprehensive understanding of the accounting practices applied as well as the various obstacles that arise during the implementation of food security programs. The results of the study show that the catfish cultivation program has failed due to weak internal supervision, the absence of SOPs, lack of financial recording and reporting, and lack of technical competence of managers. The implementation of the public sector accounting cycle has not been running optimally so that it is not able to support effective control and evaluation of programs. In addition, crop failures are exacerbated by theft by internal parties and the absence of a structured monitoring system throughout the program, which indicates weak governance and internal control. This study has limitations in the form of a small number of informants and a lack of formal documents, so the analysis—especially the financial aspect—cannot be generalized widely. Nevertheless, this study contributes by integrating the evaluation of food security programs through the implementation of the public sector accounting cycle and offering recommendations to improve the accountability, transparency, and sustainability of BUMDes programs.