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This study aimed to find out the causes on EFL Students' grammatical errors in speaking skills for students of English Language Department of Hamzanwadi University. This research employed descriptive qualitative research design. The participants of this study were 27 students from the second semester. The data were collected by three research instruments which were observation, interview, and documentation. The observation results showed that students often used their mother tongue for class interactions, rarely applying English during the learning. Moreover, the results of the interview showed that students faced challenges in applying grammar to speaking skills due to a lack of vocabulary, comprehension, writing-focused approach, and lack of practice. In conclusion, it is important to learn and practice grammar in speaking skill because fluency in grammar and language rules is crucial for students to become qualified teachers and avoid mistakes. Learning and practicing grammar in speaking skill is also essential for long-term capability.

Community Service (PKM) is a form of the Tridharma of Higher Education. This PKM is proposed to carry out activities that are outreach and educational in nature at Buah Hati Elementary School in Padang, West Sumatra Province. This activity is expected to help students improve their English Vocabulary by using Puzzles. Puzzle is a learning method that can improve students' English Vocabulary. In learning English, learning by using this puzzle is very helpful in increasing students' vocabulary in learning English. Because in the implementation of learning, students are trained to arrange several letters to become an English word. The purpose of this service is expected to be able to describe learning planning, increasing learning activities and increasing English Vocabulary using Puzzles. The method of implementing this service is carried out in several activities, namely the survey stage, namely by compiling various things that will be conveyed during the service activities to be carried out which include: preparation of the material to be given, preparation of the schedule for giving the material, division of tasks for the service team and surveys to the service location. The next stage, namely before the service activities are carried out, the socialization stage is carried out first, namely conducting friendship with the school principal, conveying the aims and objectives of this service. At this stage, collaboration is also carried out and determines the schedule of community service activities.

This study aims to determine the ways to develop short story writing skills of vocational high school students, the factors causing the lack of such skills, innovative and effective strategies to be applied, the effectiveness of applying such strategies, and the benefits that students can obtain in developing their short story writing skills. The research method used is qualitative research with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and literature review. The results show that factors such as lack of motivation, limited vocabulary, and lack of understanding of short story structure can cause the lack of short story writing skills among vocational high school students. Innovative and effective strategies that can be applied include the use of visual and audio media, vocabulary development, and short story writing techniques application. The implementation of these strategies is effective in improving short story writing skills of vocational high school students and can provide benefits in developing critical thinking skills, creativity, as well as improving language and literacy skills of students.

This article examines the analysis of sentence types in the History Text of Class XI Sociology Books in the Merdeka Curriculum. The content of this study uses narrative text. The purpose of this study is to describe functions, categories, and roles at the syntactic level. sentences in the presentation of sociology book material for class XI SMA/MA contained in Chapter 2 Social Problems Due to Social Grouping pages 41 to 81. This research is a literature study. Therefore, the method used in collecting data is reading and taking notes. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive analysis. In qualitative research, data is analyzed inductively, which means that specific things found during the research are grouped and conclusions are drawn from these results. This approach does not use the collected data to prove or disprove the hypotheses that have been made before but rather focuses on describing data to facilitate understanding. The writing method of this research adopts historiography as the main approach. Sentence structure analysis is also used to improve grammar skills and abilities to better understand. Sentence structure analysis itself is a topic that is rarely discussed. To improve the application of linguistic rules in writing historical texts, a good understanding of grammar, a broad vocabulary, and a habit of reading and writing historical texts are required. Therefore by analyzing sentence structures in historical texts in Sociology Class XI books SMA/SMA/ MA Kurikulum Merdeka, this research provides an overview of the variations in the use of sentence structures and the importance of correct grammar in understanding texts. It is hoped that this research can improve understanding of syntax and grammar which will facilitate understanding of sociology and historical texts.

This community service aims to increase interest and skills in reading aloud in English as well as interpretation skills and English vocabulary when reading Bible verses for Sunday School children who are also students in elementary and secondary schools. The method used in this service was by paying attention to the voice, intonation, and stress appropriately followed by understanding the meaning of the reading by the reader through a Bible reading competition in English. The results of this service showed that the Sunday School children were eagerly and enthusiastically able to take part in the competition to read aloud Bible verses, although gradually they need to be trained again how to read aloud with the right voice, intonation, stress, and pronunciation of English words. 

Difficulty reading in the lower grades of elementary school is a common problem faced by a number of students. The process of learning to read at this early stage is an important foundation for their future literacy development. Some factors that can affect reading difficulties include intelligence, physical health, sensory abilities, interests, family environment, motivation. In dealing with reading difficulties in the lower grades of elementary school, a holistic and diverse approach is needed. Teachers need to use learning methods that integrate vocabulary understanding, and student interests. In addition, involving parents in providing support and creating an environment that supports reading at home is also important. With the right approach and collaborative effort, students can overcome their reading difficulties and improve their literacy skills. This study aims to understand in depth the factors that cause reading difficulties in the lower grades of elementary school. This article uses a literature study to collect data which is carried out using literary literacy. Methods of data collection using various theoretical references in the field of reading difficulties in low grades related to research. The data sources in this study are in the form of books, journals, research report articles, and internet sites.  

This study set out to show how instructors may effectively use visual media. English classes are also chosen as a local subject in elementary schools (flashcards) to enhance the oral vocabulary of elementary school students. The planning, execution, observation, and reflection phases are included in each study cycle based on the classroom action research methodology. Researchers utilize test sheets and observations as instruments to retrieve data. The results showed that students' scores reached 75 in period I, then increased to 82 in period II. As illustrated in the observation table, student activity increased. The sample in this study was grade IV students of SD Zamzam Kurnia Bekasi. The results showed an improvement in English speaking skills. Therefore, using Flashcard media can increase students' vocabulary in improving students' English speaking skills in class.  

The problems of this research are (1) the relationship of similarities and similarities in the vocabulary of Dentong and Duri languages ​​(2) the relationship between sound and meaning in Dentong and Duri languages ​​(3) the kinship relationship between Dentong and Duri languages. This study aims to find out, describe the relationship of similarities and similarities in the vocabulary of Dentong and Duri languages, describe the relationship between sound and meaning in Dentong and Duri languages ​​and describe the kinship relationship between Dentong and Duri languages ​​and information about vocabulary comparisons between Dentong and Duri languages. Duri language. The theory used is comparative linguistic theory using 207 Swadesh vocabularies as the basis for the vocabulary being compared.This type of research is qualitative research. The techniques used are observation techniques, interview techniques, recording techniques, observation/note-taking techniques and documentation. This research was conducted for 2 weeks and the research subjects were native speakers of Dentong and Duri languages.The results of this study obtained similarities and similarities between Dentong and Duri languages ​​based on five word classes, namely verbs, pronouns, nouns, numerals, and adjectives. The basic vocabulary similarities in Dentong and Duri languages ​​total 46 words or 23%, one of the data is that the word [fur] in BDNT is also called [bulu] in BDRI, the basic vocabulary similarities in Dentong and Duri languages ​​are 20 words or 10 % one of the data in the word [two] 'rua' in BDNT and [two] 'two' in BDRI.Based on the results of the research above, it can be concluded that the comparison between Dentong and Duri languages ​​has similarities and similarities. The similarities and similarities, if totaled, there are 66 similarities and similarities or 33% of the vocabulary. Therefore it can be stated that the two languages ​​being compared are cognate languages.  

The use of Video Telling Story Media is a method that is applied in the English Dormitory listening comprehension class. This research is qualitative research, by conducting descriptive analysis using primary data and secondary data. This study uses data collection methods in the form of interview, observation, and documentation using data analysis techniques in the form of reduction (data reduction), data display (presentation), and verification (conclusion). Based on the results of research obtained in research and discussion, it is known that the implementation of Media Video Telling Story has a good impact on students, Students' listening skills increased rapidly because in the videos they watched there were subtitles that helped students guess vocabulary that was not heard.

This type of research is class action research (Class Action Research) which consists of two cycles where each cycle is held in two meetings. The research procedure includes planning, implementing actions, observing and reflecting. The subjects of this study were 28 students of grade I at SD Negeri Minasa Upa Makassar. The results of the study showed that the test results for the first cycle of the class average reached 65 with a percentage of 60.7 achieved completeness, with 11 students having achieved mastery and 17 other students not. In cycle II the average obtained was 89.2 with a completeness percentage of 89.3 with 25 students having achieved mastery and 3 people had not. Based on the results of the research above, it can be concluded that the application of the Scramble Game Learning Model can improve vocabulary mastery in Indonesian Language learning Class 1 SD Negeri Minasa Upa Makassar.    

This study aims to analyze students' difficulties in writing short stories in the Indonesian language class IV at Ulumul Islam Bakri Wahid Elementary School. The type of research is descriptive qualitative and the data analysis techniques used are data collection, data reduction, data display and conlusion drawing. And the data source data in this study were all 4th graders of Ulumul Islam Bakri Wahid Elementary School, Makassar City. The data techniques in this study were the distribution of test sheets, student and teacher interviews and documentation in the research conducted at Ulumul Islam Bakri Wahid Elementary School.The results of this study indicate that the ability level of students in writing short stories is still low. Based on the results of writing short stories that have been made by students and the results of interviews conducted by teachers and students with researchers, it shows that the difficulties experienced by students are difficulties in expressing ideas, limited vocabulary and difficulty determining the structure of short stories so that students have difficulty in making a story. short.  

This research aims to describe the level of syntax errors that include aspects of phrases and sentences on writing personal experience grade X SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Stella Gratia Atambua. This research uses qualitative research designs with the kind of descriptive research. The results of this study indicate that many students make a mistake on a sentence structure that covers ten aspects. These findings prove that students pay attention to the use of grammar in writing, lack of vocabulary which  belonged to the students, the influence of the use of local languages, and teachers less use of grammar in writing.

One of the most crucial language components that students should master is vocabulary. It is caused vocabulary is always used in everyday activities. Nevertheless, the students have difficulty when learning vocabulary and the lack of ability of students in remembering new vocabulary in English. Based on the problems, as a resulted to conduct teaching vocabulary mastery by the use of media namely word wall to help students improving their vocabulary mastery. This research was conducted to the seventh grade of SMPN 3 Kec. Pangkalan Koto Baru. In this study, researcher used quantitative method with quasi-experimental design by comparing two classes. The subject of this study was seventh grade, namely VII1 and VII2. VII1 was experimental class with 25 students and VII2 was control class with 25 students. The research instrument was vocabulary test. The data was analyzed by using Independent Sample t-test in SPSS 26. This study indicated that there was significant difference in achievement of students’ vocabulary mastery between the students who were taught by using word wall media and without using Word Wall media. It can be seen from p-value which was smaller than the alpha value (0.000<0.05). From the results of the data, teaching vocabulary mastery through word wall media gave more significant effect to increase students’ vocabulary mastery.

The aims of this research are: (1) to identify the types of language interference in learning English, (2) to find out the most dominant example of the mother tongue in learning English, and (3) to investigate the causes of interference in learning English. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method with selected twenty students from the seventh grade as the respondents. This research used observation, interview, recording, and note-taking, for data collection while employing document analysis to analyze the gathered data. This study was conducted in the following procedure, (1) observation (2) interview (3) documentation. From the self-introduction by the respondents, the researcher found that there were three types of language interference made by seventh-grade students namely phonological, grammatical, and lexical interference. The findings also showed that the most dominant example of the mother tongue in learning English made by seventh-grade students is phonological interference. The analysis also revealed that the causes of language interference, there were students’ background and the students’ limited mastery of the English vocabulary

: English Day is one of the programs implemented by the English Education Study Program through a grant from the Ministry of Research and Technology. The purpose of implementing the English Day program is to increase students' interest in learning English at SMP Negeri 5 Percut Sei Tuan. In accordance with the demands of the learning system in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era, students are required to be able to follow the teaching and learning process using various media and applications to support the teaching and learning process to run well. The low interest in learning English at SMP Negeri 5 Percut Sei Tuan has become a concern for English Language Faculty FKIP students as they implement grant funds from the English Day program practice. The implementation of the English Day program has taken 80 days started from July 5th to October 7th, 2021. The results of the implementation of the English Day program showed that students' abilities improve in English based on the results of the comparison of scores on the pre-test and post-test, namely, increase the ability to communicate in daily activities, their vocabulary, reading ability, and writing ability.

This study aims to determine the intensity of the use of Indonesian and how much influence the intensity of the use of Indonesian has on the local community, namely West Java. Some of the influences or impacts of using Indonesian on regional languages (Sundanese/West Java). The positive impact is: the Indonesian language has a lot of vocabulary, as the cultural wealth of the Indonesian people, as an identity and characteristic of a tribe and region, and creates intimacy in communication. There are so many regional languages from each region, one with another, for example, for the West Java region, Sundanese has Sundanese as the regional language, while Medan has Batak language as the regional language. This regional language can distinguish one region from another. The regional language for its speakers has been ingrained because it is used every day. With the existence of regional languages, the Indonesian people are bilingual (bilingual) people who master more than one language, namely regional languages, Indonesian, and foreign languages.

The film "The Sinking of Van Der Wijck's Ship" is the work of the nation's children in which not only tells the visual story but there is the application of Indonesian that can implement the Indonesian people themselves. This analysis is intended to find, research, and assess the use and application of Indonesian in films made by the State of Indonesia. The analytical method used in this study uses qualitative methods where this article focuses on finding errors in the use of language, examining existing vocabulary, and assessing Indonesian pronunciation. This is important so that films are not only a means of entertainment but can provide indirect knowledge about the use of Indonesian.

This activity aims to provide an overview of early childhood language development from learning stimulation activities through interactive video learning media at the Denali Development Center (DDC). Interactive video was chosen because it is considered very suitable for the characteristics of early childhood who tend to get bored easily, have low focus and concentration, and tend to be active and find it difficult to sit still. Based on the results of observations that have been made at DDC found problems where some children aged 1-3 years, experience speech delays where children cannot pronounce vocabulary correctly when communicating, the vocabulary mastered by children is still small, children cannot compose simple sentences when communicating, children have not been able to provide answers to questions that are given quickly and straightforwardly and the child has not been able to listen properly. From the results of the learning activities that have been carried out during the service period, gradually the child experiences significant language development where the child is quiet and never makes a sound or gives a slow reaction, this child begins to make sounds such as laughter or bubbling. And other children who cannot pronounce words correctly, gradually these children can say some words well and their meanings can be understood and the vocabulary they master also develops. Therefore providing stimulation to children is very important to reach this stage of development. Children who receive less stimulation tend to have problems and obstacles in their development.  

With its diverse tourism potentials, Rinding Allo village has passed the top 75 of Indonesian Tourism Village Award in 2023 and is developing into an international tourist destination. The English language competences of people in an international tourist destination are very important to provide good service to foreign tourists. This training aims to provide the knowledge and skills of English for tourism for the people of Rinding Allo village. The method used in this community service program is Asset Based Community-driven Development which consists of six stages. The method was applied by integrating the needs analysis stages and the English for specific purposes learning approach. At the asset mobilization stage, English for tourism training was carried out for five meetings. Each meeting discussed one unit of the English for tourism module which had been specially compiled in the previous stages. English for tourism training for the people of Rinding Allo village run well and provided useful material for the participants. During the training, the participants seemed enthusiastic in learning and practicing tourism English conversation. The participants’ mastery of English vocabulary and expressions in the tourism context as well as their confidence in using the language in communicating increased through this training.

The implementation of this community service activity was carried out in class VII SMP Negeri Gudang Arang Merauke with a total of 20 participants. It is hoped that these students can understand and know English as a foreign language and as an effort to increase interest, motivation, will, and interest. Students in learning English in the field of education. This service contributes to learning English, especially for beginners (Young Learners) as an effort to increase students’ interest in learning English. In addition, this activity contributes to realizing education in Junior High School (SMP) to foster students’ interests and talents and motivation in learning English and as an effort to provide an introduction to English for the beginner level (Young Learners). This service is carried out in the form of a workshop which includes socialization in the form of training/introduction and mentoring. The material for the service activities is divided into two, namely exposure to motivational material interest in learning English and introduction to English vocabulary and grammar to be able to read texts in English. The expected goals of this service are: 1) increasing students’ knowledge and understanding of how to learn English is easy; 2) increasing students’ skills in English and students being able to understand reading material well. From the whole series of community service activities, the main hope is an improvement. Improving conditions from not knowing, not understanding to very understanding, and from low be high in terms of interest, motivation, willingnesss and interest of sudents in learning English especially English vocabulary and grammar