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This study aims to examine the urgency of mastering pragmatics for elementary school students in improving language skills. Pragmatics is a branch of linguistics that studies the use of language in social contexts and its influence on effective communication. This study is important because good pragmatics skills can help students communicate appropriately and effectively according to the social context. The method used is a literature review of various relevant sources regarding pragmatics and its application in language learning in elementary schools. The results of the study show that mastery of pragmatics has an important role for elementary school students, including: (1) improving the ability to communicate effectively and according to context; (2) developing social skills in interaction; (3) helping to understand the implied meaning in oral and writtencommunication; (4) improving the ability to interpret text comprehensively; and (5) being the foundation for the development of critical literacy. The implementation of pragmatics learning in elementary schools can be done through various approaches, such as contextual learning, role play, simple conversation analysis, and project-based learning. This study recommends the need to integrate pragmatics aspects in the Indonesian language learning curriculum in elementary schools to prepare students to become effective communicators in various social contexts.

In the world of education, students' English language skills cannot be separated from the learning process provided by lecturers. Lecturers as facilitators try to provide the best teaching and learning process for their students. English is a course that develops communication skills both orally and in writing, understanding and expressing information. This course is no longer just a course that is limited to grammar, but can also develop students' skills in communicating English orally and in writing. For this reason, a creative approach is needed that can make students more active and interesting in learning English. One of the approaches provided by lecturers is learning English by utilizing audio-visual media, namely using videos, films, and music. In teaching English material, the use of this learning media is one of the right learning media to use. The purpose of this journal is to provide strategies in utilizing audio-visual media to improve students' English learning outcomes. Technically, the strategy for utilizing audio-visual media in the process of teaching and learning English is divided into three stages, namely preparation, use and the last is follow-up after use. This media utilization strategy will make English learning more effective, interactive and interesting. Lecturers will be more optimal in delivering materials and students will find it easier to understand.

Multicultural competence is a crucial aspect for counselors in addressing diverse clients. Multicultural counseling training aims to enhance counselors' understanding of various values, norms, and cultural practices. This research employs a literature review method by collecting, analyzing, and synthesizing various academic sources, including books, research journals, and relevant scientific articles published. The findings indicate that this training helps counselors identify personal biases, improve cross-cultural communication skills, and develop more inclusive intervention strategies. A well-structured multicultural counseling approach can enhance the accessibility and quality of mental health services in diverse communities.

This study employs a qualitative method with a literature review approach to examine how the optimization of marketing skills contributes to enhancing customer loyalty in Islamic banking. Based on a review of various national journals and theoretical references, it was found that personal selling skills, interpersonal communication, understanding of sharia-compliant products, and the ability to build long-term relationships with customers play a significant role in maintaining loyalty. Amidst the competition between digital and conventional banking, Islamic banks are required to prioritize service values aligned with sharia principles and optimize human resource capabilities in delivering educational, solution-oriented, and consistent approaches. Effective marketing skills not only create a positive customer experience but also enhance trust in Islamic financial institutions.

This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach to analyze the influence of soft skills and digital marketing skills on the performance of MSMEs in the creative economy era. Theories used in this research include competency theory and organizational performance theory. This study focuses on understanding how interpersonal abilities (soft skills), such as communication, creativity, and leadership, along with digital skills such as the use of social media, e-commerce, and digital branding, can enhance the competitiveness and productivity of MSMEs. The results show that MSME actors with strong soft skills are able to build strong customer relationships and create added value in their products, while digital skills support operational efficiency and broader market reach. The integration of these two skill sets significantly contributes to the improvement of MSME performance, particularly in terms of sales, customer satisfaction, and business growth. Therefore, the development of soft skills and digital skills is a crucial strategy to support the sustainability of MSMEs amid the increasingly dynamic competition in the creative economy.

This study aims to analyze the employee training system at Toko Kue Hanania Food, particularly in improving product packaging skills and customer communication. Using the observation and documentation method, this research identifies that training is conducted through the On-the-Job Training method, where new employees learn directly in the workplace within one to three days. The results indicate that while this method is effective in accelerating employee adaptation, challenges such as lack of training documentation, limited trainers, and minimal evaluation and follow-up remain obstacles. Additionally, the company strives to manage training costs efficiently by utilizing internal resources and innovation in daily operations. To enhance training effectiveness, a more structured system is needed, such as the development of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and providing incentives for employees who demonstrate performance improvements.

The influence of communication is the most important thing in human life to provide support and good motivation to each other. The purpose of this study is to determine the Influence of Communication Between Parents and Migrant Students on Cultural Adaptation Skills in Makassar City, where the inhibiting factors are. In this study, the method used is a qualitative method, using data collection techniques, observation, interviews, and documentation. Based on the results of research in the field, it was obtained that the influence of communication between parents and migrant students on cultural adaptation skills in Makassar City was not optimal because it was seen from the low quality network so that communication between parents and migrant students was not in accordance with expectations. In addition, there is also a factor of lack of understanding of parents in operating the media accompanied by their respective busyness.

Social transformation brought by the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has led to the emergence of Society 5.0, where technology is integrated into all aspects of life. In education, this presents both challenges and opportunities, especially for teachers whose roles and responsibilities have become increasingly complex. This article aims to analyze the strategic role of teachers in shaping student competencies relevant to the demands of the 21st century. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and library research method, the study refers to constructivism, connectivism, and the 21st Century Skills Framework. The findings highlight that teachers must balance mastering educational technology with instilling character values in students. Their responsibilities include fostering critical thinking, communication, collaboration, creativity (4C), promoting digital literacy, and preparing students as global citizens. The study concludes that teachers are key agents of educational transformation in the Society 5.0 era, and their readiness in handling technological, pedagogical, and moral demands is vital to the future of education.

The digital divide has become an increasingly relevant issue in the last five years, with significant impacts on the global education system. Differences in access to information and communication technology (ICT) in different regions, especially between urban and rural areas, affect the quality and equity of education. This research explores the impact of the digital divide on educational access, including limitations in the use of digital-based learning tools, students' low digital skills and lack of adequate infrastructure. This gap not only hinders teaching and learning but also exacerbates socio-economic inequality. This research also discusses mitigation efforts that have been made by governments, educational institutions and international organizations, as well as recommendations to reduce the gap in the future. Thus, the digital divide needs to be the focus of attention in education reform to create a more inclusive and sustainable education system.

This study aims to determine the effect of the application of the cooperative learning model on the ability to collaborate, communicate, and student learning outcomes in grade 2 of SD Negeri 31 Muaro. This study uses a qualitative approach with the interview method as the main data collection technique. Information was obtained through in-depth interviews with classroom teachers who have applied the cooperative learning model in the learning process. The results of the study show that the application of the cooperative learning model has a positive impact on students' ability to work together, improve communication skills between students, and contribute to improving student learning outcomes in general. Teachers state that students become more active, help each other in groups, and are more courageous to express their opinions. These findings indicate that the cooperative learning model can be an alternative effective learning strategy to improve the social and academic aspects of students at the elementary school level.

This research examines the impact of leadership style and communication on staff performance within an energy sector organization in Madura. The primary problem addressed is the need to understand how different leadership attributes and communication effectiveness impact employee productivity and satisfaction. In today’s competitive business environment, effective leadership and communication are essential for achieving organizational goals and fostering a motivated workforce. The objective of the study is to identify key indicators of leadership and communication that contribute to enhanced employee performance, thereby providing actionable insights for organizational improvement. A quantitative survey method was employed, utilizing a structured questionnaire with Likert scale items to gather data from 50 employees. This approach allowed for the collection of measurable data regarding employee perceptions of their leaders' styles and communication effectiveness. The analysis revealed that communication skills and the ability to control subordinates were rated highest by respondents, indicating satisfaction in these areas. However, lower ratings for motivational ability and emotional control suggest areas for improvement, highlighting the need for leaders to develop these critical skills further. The findings support the hypothesis that effective leadership and communication are critical for fostering a productive work environment, with significant implications for organizational success. The study concludes that organizations should prioritize leadership development and communication training to enhance employee engagement and performance. Limitations include the focus on a single industry, suggesting the need for further research across diverse sectors to validate these findings and explore their long-term impact on organizational outcomes. Future studies could also investigate the interplay between leadership styles and employee performance over time, providing deeper insights into effective management practices.

Graduates competitiveness is a major factor in determining their readiness to face the increasingly competitive world of work. Management psychology plays an important role in shaping the character, skills, and mentality needed by graduates to be able to adapt to the dynamics of the industry. Through a management psychology approach, such as strengthening leadership, increasing motivation, and managing stress and emotions, graduates can develop a professional and productive attitude. In addition, the application of psychological theory in human resource management allows for the development of soft skills that support work readiness, such as effective communication, teamwork, and problem solving. The application of management psychology in the world of education can be done through various strategies, such as coaching, mentoring, and the formation of an academic culture that is oriented towards self-development. With this approach, educational institutions can create a learning environment that encourages the growth of character and competency of graduates holistically. In addition, the synergy between education and the industrial world is also an important factor in increasing the competitiveness of graduates, where learning based on practice and direct experience can strengthen their readiness to face the challenges of the world of work.

Sexual education for children, especially girls, is an important aspect in efforts to protect themselves from social risks such as harassment, violence, and exploitation. This article aims to examine the urgency of integrating sexual education into the basic education system as a strategic preventive measure. The method used is library research by reviewing various scientific literature, reference books, and education policy documents. The results of the study show that many parents still have a wrong understanding of sexual education, so discussions about the body, privacy, and social boundaries are often avoided. In fact, sexual education that is delivered appropriately according to the stages of child development can increase self-awareness, build self-confidence, and strengthen children's communication skills in dealing with risky social situations. Schools have a strategic role as a safe and conducive educational environment in introducing the concept of sexuality in a healthy and responsible manner. Therefore, sexual education should be an integral part of the national curriculum in order to support optimal child growth and development and protect them from various forms of violence.

This research is motivated by the increasing cases of verbal aggression among children and adolescents, which have a significant impact on their psychological well-being and social environment. The aim of this study is to analyze the tendencies, causal factors, and impacts of verbal aggression in children and adolescents, as well as to provide effective recommendations for its management. The method used is a literature review with a descriptive qualitative approach, examining various scientific journals related to verbal aggression, verbal abuse, and the influencing factors. The main findings show that verbal aggression often arises due to family factors, social environment, media, and socioeconomic pressures; this behavior not only increases the risk of depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem in victims but also has long-term negative effects on the perpetrators. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of early detection and the active roles of teachers, parents, and school counselors in preventing and managing verbal aggression through communication skills education, psychological interventions, and strengthening school policies to create a safe learning environment that supports the social-emotional development of children and adolescents.

The development of information and communication technology (ICT) has opened up great opportunities in increasing the effectiveness of mathematics learning, especially in supporting students' computational thinking skills. This article presents a mini-literature review related to the use of Tibi's Mathematics Suite (TMS) as interactive software in mathematics learning. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and desk research method, this study analyzes various scientific sources to evaluate the contribution of TMS to the development of computational thinking, which includes decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithms. The results of the study show that TMS is able to increase students' interest in learning, independence, and metacognitive awareness, although its implementation still faces challenges such as limited infrastructure and teacher training. This review recommends the need for further empirical studies and education policy support so that the integration of TMS can be more optimal in the context of the Independent Curriculum and the strengthening of the Pancasila Student Profile.

This study aims to analyze the syntactic structure of sentences in english interactions between hotel receptionists and foreign guests. Specifically, it focuses on identifying sentence types, levels of sentence complexity, and syntactic functions that support professional communication at the reception desk. The data were collected from transcripts of 10 authentic interactions and 10 simulated conversations involving five professional hotel receptionists and five foreign guests with intermediate to advanced english proficiency. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with audio recordings transcribed and analyzed to identify dominant syntactic patterns. The results revealed that simple and compound sentences were the most frequently used, particularly in greeting, offering assistance, and clarifying information. Complex sentences appeared more often in handling guest complaints and explaining hotel policies. These findings suggest that mastery of varied syntactic structures enhances communication effectiveness in hospitality services. The study’s results are expected to contribute to the development of teaching materials for reception courses and communication skills training for hotel receptionists in the hospitality industry.

The study aimed to identify and analyze the errors made by seventh-grade students at SMP Dwijendra Denpasar in pronouncing certain English consonants, which are essential components of their target language learning. The study specifically focuses on the student’s articulation of six English contoid consonants: [ʃ], [ʧ], [θ], [ʒ], [ʤ], and [ð]. A qualitative descriptive method was applied in this research, involving several stages: collecting data from the students as research subjects, organizing and constructing the data for analysis, interpreting the results, and drawing relevant conclusions. The research findings revealed that no students could pronounce the targeted consonants accurately according to standard English pronunciation norms. The articulation errors were mainly caused by various influencing factors, including interlingual transfer, where the students’ first language interferes with their pronunciation of English sounds, and intralingual factors, which refer to difficulties arising from the complexities within the English language. However, the mispronunciation of key consonant sounds created misunderstandings and affected the clarity of their spoken language. As a result, these errors posed a challenge in achieving effective oral communication as a critical aspect of mastering a second language. The findings emphasized the importance of addressing these pronunciation challenges through targeted interventions and improved teaching strategies to enhance students’ language proficiency and communication skills.  

The role of administrative staff in Islamic boarding schools is very central in ensuring the smooth functioning of the institution. One of the important competencies that need to be possessed is statistical literacy, which includes the ability to understand, process, and present data systematically. The purpose of this PKM activity is to improve the knowledge and skills of administrators in applying statistics to administrative management. With an understanding of concepts, insight into the application of statistical concepts, accuracy of interpretation of statistical results, and visualization and communication skills of statistical analysis results. This community service activity is carried out through workshops and intensive mentoring. The results of this activity indicate that efforts to improve the knowledge and skills of partners in managing student administration through strengthening statistical literacy have gone well and provided quite optimal results, especially in the indicators of skills in calculating and visualizing data.

The purpose of this study is to describe the effect of Outdoor Learning Math using GPS-based mobile technology-assisted math traces on students' problem solving and mathematical communication skills, describe the effect of Outdoor Learning Math using GPS-based mobile technology-assisted math traces on problem solving skills, and describe the effect of Outdoor Learning Math using GPS-based mobile technology-assisted math traces on students' mathematical communication skills. This type of research is Quasi Experimental using Nonequivalent Control Group Design. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 1 Malinau, North Kalimantan City with 60 students from two 9th grade classes. The instruments used in this study were descriptive test questions of problem solving ability, mathematical communication and observation sheets for the implementation of Outdoor Learning Math learning activities using GPS-based mobile technology-assisted math traces. The results showed that there was an effect of Outdoor Learning Math using GPS-based mobile technology-assisted math traces on students' problem solving and mathematical communication skills together, there was no effect of Outdoor Learning Math using mobile technology-assisted math traces on problem solving skills, and there was no effect of Outdoor Learning Math using GPS-based mobile technology-assisted math traces on mathematical communication skills. Therefore, for future researchers to expand the scope of materials such as geometry, statistics and probability, algebra, arithmetic and add student motivation variables.

Waste management, particularly organic waste, remains a significant environmental challenge in Indonesia, with household and school waste being major contributors. This community service initiative, conducted by the Dharma Sevavigyana Community of Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang, aimed to enhance ecological awareness among high school students through the production of eco-enzyme liquid soap. The program, held at SMA Negeri 16 Semarang, combined conceptual education with practical training to teach students how to transform organic waste into eco-enzyme, a valuable and environmentally friendly product. The activities included presentations on waste management issues, hands- on soap-making workshops, and interactive evaluations using digital platforms like Kahoot. The results showed a significant increase in students' understanding and enthusiasm for eco-enzyme applications, as well as improved teamwork and communication skills. The initiative successfully demonstrated the potential of experiential learning in fostering environmental stewardship among students, encouraging them to become active participants in sustainable waste management practices. This program highlights the importance of integrating environmental education into school curricula and serves as a model for similar initiatives across Indonesia.