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This abstract discusses the characteristics of the true church according to Christian views, emphasizing the importance of faithfulness to the Word of God as the primary foundation. The true church is a community that faithfully proclaims the Gospel of Christ purely, without addition or subtraction from the teachings of the Bible. This faithfulness serves as the basis for the church’s existence as the living body of Christ, functioning to spread salvation to all people. Besides faithfulness to the Word, the proper administration of the sacraments is also an important characteristic of the true church. Sacraments such as baptism and the Lord’s Supper are conducted according to Christ’s commands and serve as means of grace that strengthen the faith of the congregation. The spiritual discipline practiced within the church maintains the holiness of the members and encourages repentance and restoration, so that the community continues to live in truth and love. Unity and holiness reflect the church’s calling to live in love and truth, while the apostolic nature shows its adherence to the teachings of the apostles. Catholicity affirms that the true church is universal and transcends cultural and geographical boundaries.

Service-based leadership is a leadership approach that prioritizes devotion to others as the center of a leader's function. In the Christian view, this model is rooted in the example set by Jesus Christ who came to serve, not to be served (Mark 10:45). The concept of servant leadership emphasizes values such as simplicity, love, sacrifice, and moral responsibility towards those being led. This study aims to explore how servant leadership influences and shapes the formulation of vision and mission in the context of Christian organizations or ministries. Vision and mission not only function as strategic guidelines, but also reflect the calling and obedience to God's will. A Christian leader who adopts the principle of servant leadership will create a vision that focuses on the common good, spiritual growth, and empowerment of community members. Meanwhile, the mission is designed to manifest the love of Christ in real terms through actions and programs that have a broad impact. In this context, sensitivity to the leadership of the Holy Spirit, integrity in leadership, and the ability to motivate and support the development of others are needed. This study concludes that servant leadership from a Christian perspective not only functions well in organizations, but also strengthens the spirituality and unity of the body of Christ. Therefore, the formulation of the vision and mission resulting from the principle of serving not only reflects the direction, but also becomes a testimony of faith that lives in the community. Thus, servant leadership becomes a strong foundation in building a Christian organization that is relevant, impactful, and oriented towards the values of the kingdom of God, and is able to answer the challenges of the times with love, exemplary behavior, and sincere devotion and glorify God in service.

The sign system in public spaces functions as a visual communication tool and shapes people's experiences and perceptions. The objectives of this study are; 1) to identify the types of signs found in shopping centers; 2) to analyze the function and role of these signs in supporting activities and social interactions in shopping centers; and 3) to explain how these signs influence visitors' perceptions and experiences. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with research stages including literature study, determining the location of the study, data collection, data analysis using Peirce's semiotic theory, data validity testing, and drawing conclusions. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation and documentation stages. The results of this study found that the visual sign system in the Ramayana Teladan Medan shopping center is classified into several categories of signs according to Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic theory, such as Rhematic Indexical Legisign, Dicent Sinsign, Qualisign, and Iconic Legisign. Visualization of signs—whether through images, colors, or text—can influence visitors' understanding and behavior, for example by increasing alertness, compliance with rules, or perceptions of safety and comfort.

Cultural, ethnic, and religious diversity can create a unique educational landscape and demand an inclusive and responsive approach. In multicultural schools, the curriculum often intersects with multicultural education, which includes teaching about different cultures, history, global perspectives. The subjects taught not only focus on traditional academics but also must involve content that deeply understands how diversity influences thinking and action. To fulfill learning so that it can influence students' thinking and actions or attitudes, one of the things needed is to create inclusive education based on love. Inclusive education is one type of approach used in the world of education with an emphasis on the importance of acceptance and appreciation of diversity. In the implementation of inclusive education, the role of teachers is needed, one of which is a Christian religious education teacher. The role needed is how teachers apply compassion to students. Teachers can do this through teaching inclusive attitudes, loving attitudes, and teachers must also be role models. The purpose of inclusive education based on love is to carry out learning activities such as role playing, group discussions, and collaborative activities to help children develop attitudes, social skills, and emotions. In discussing the role of Christian religious education teachers in implementing inclusive learning based on love, the method used is a literature approach by collecting information from books and journals based on the discussion.

One branch of Christian theology is Christology which focuses on the study of Jesus Christ. Specifically, it talks about who Jesus Christ is, His nature as God and man (Divine nature and human nature), His position, His presence as a savior, reconciler, redeemer of human sins and talks about the teachings of Christ that are useful in everyday life for Christians. Studying Christology, increases knowledge and also knows His teachings that function to help face life's challenges. Christology is not just a religious study but is useful for strengthening faith, increasing hope, and improving the spiritual life of Christians. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach through literature study. This research concluded that by studying Christology and the teachings of Christ, as Christians we can emulate what Christ taught such as love and forgiveness, sacrifice and service and behavior in life.  

As a community of believers, the church plays an important role in shaping the faith and character of Christians. A healthy church is marked by the growth of its congregation and the spiritual vitality of its members. The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of a healthy church and evaluate how these traits impact the strengthening of believers' faith. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach and theological literature research, it was found that a healthy church possesses characteristics such as sound biblical teaching, genuine love for the congregation, servant leadership, active involvement of members according to the gifts of the Holy Spirit, and a strong commitment to prayer and fellowship. For believers, a healthy church fosters dynamic spiritual growth, harmonious community life, and active participation in ministry and evangelism. Such churches are not merely places of worship; they also act as agents of real social transformation. Therefore, a well-functioning church will produce resilient, loving Christians who serve as a light to others.

The Toba Batak culture has a strong symbolic richness, especially in the traditional rituals of death which are full of theological and social meanings. One of the important symbols in the ceremony is Sijagaron, which literally means "guard" or "escort", and is used as a symbol of final respect to the deceased. This research aims to examine the meaning of Sijagaron through a contextual theological approach, by looking at how this symbol can be understood in the light of the Christian faith and its relevance in the lives of Toba Batak believers today. The method used is a descriptive qualitative study with a theological and anthropological approach. The results of the study show that Sijagaron contains Christian values such as love, fellowship, and respect for God's creation. From a contextual theological perspective, Sijagaron can be interpreted as a bridge between faith and culture, which shows that local cultural symbols can be a means of contextual evangelism. Thus, the culture of Sijagaron does not contradict the Christian faith, but rather enriches the people's understanding of the mystery of death and eternal life.

This study aims to analyze the effect of transactional leadership and workload on turnover intention, with work engagement as a mediating variable among part-time workers in the coffeeshop industry in Pontianak City. Transactional leadership, which emphasizes a system of rewards and   punishments, along with high workload, is presumed to influence employees’ emotional attachment to their jobs and subsequently affect their intention to leave. This research adopts a quantitative approach using the PLS-SEM method through SmartPLS 4.0 software, with data collected via a Likert-scale questionnaire. A total of 200 respondents were selected using purposive sampling. The results indicate that transactional leadership has a significant negative effect on turnover intention and a significant positive effect on work engagement. Workload has a significant positive effect on both work engagement and turnover intention. Furthermore, work engagement has a significant negative effect on turnover intention and is proven to mediate the effects of transactional leadership and workload on turnover intention. These findings highlight the critical role of work engagement in reducing employees' desire to leave, even when faced with high workloads and a transactional leadership style.

The aim of this research is to determine the implementation of public service accountability and the inhibiting and supporting factors in the implementation of public service accountability in East Towuntu Village, Pasan District. The approach in this research is qualitative descriptive research. This research was chosen because it presents data systematically, factually and accurately regarding the facts in the field. The object of this research is Public Services. This research was conducted at the Towuntu Village Office as an extension of the central government and provider of services to the community. The informants in this research were all Towuntu Village officials, Pasan District. In providing services to the community, the Towuntu Village Government has demonstrated performance accountability/accountability in order to maintain community trust. This is demonstrated by the existence of a flow of accountability starting from the lowest level, namely village officials, to their leaders, namely Old Law. There are several factors that can influence the accountability/accountability process, where these factors originate from within the individual as a Village Apparatus and the environmental influence of Towuntu Village. However, as the experience of Towuntu Village officials increases, the level of understanding of the importance of performance accountability can be increased so that the process of implementing accountability can run well.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be a transformational tool in Christian Religious Education in the digital era. Technological advancements bring significant changes to the way we learn and teach, including religious education, which demands innovative methods to remain relevant to the younger generation increasingly connected to technology. AI offers various opportunities to enrich the learning experience and deepen the understanding of Christian values through a more personal and interactive approach. This article discusses several AI applications in Christian religious education, such as virtual assistants for spiritual guidance, in-depth Bible text analysis, and adaptive learning platforms that can tailor materials to the needs of learners. With AI technology, Christian religious education can provide more interactive and responsive modules, allowing learners to delve into religious teachings both individually and in groups. Additionally, the use of AI in analyzing learning behavior allows for more effective curriculum personalization according to the spiritual needs of each individual. This approach can address the challenge of maintaining the relevance of religious values amidst the rapid influx of digital information. This article also examines the potential of AI in aiding faith development, for example through spiritual reflection applications tailored to the user's spiritual growth. This transformation is expected to prepare a generation of Christians who are not only technologically savvy but also spiritually strong, and empowered to face moral and ethical challenges in the future. Thus, AI-based Christian Religious Education can be a pathway to building a relevant and dynamic spiritual future in the digital era.

Dispensational theology is a system of biblical interpretation that views the history of salvation as a series of periods or dispensations in which God interacts with humanity in different ways, each with distinct rules and responsibilities. This writing aims to understand the development of the concept of dispensationalism, its literal method of interpretation, and the differing perspectives between Israel and the Church in God's plan. The method used is a literature review, analyzing various scholarly works and theological sources. The study's findings indicate that dispensationalism emphasizes a literal interpretation of the Bible, makes a clear distinction between Israel and the Church, and understands God’s promises as being fulfilled literally in the future. This system continues to develop and remains relevant in contemporary Christian theological discourse, including in Indonesia.

This article examines theoretically about visionary leadership starting from the definition, benefits, weaknesses, and biblical views on visionary leadership. This research uses a library research approach. Visionary leaders are able to formulate a vision of the future, inspire commitment, and lead innovative change. The benefits include encouraging innovation and adaptive culture, but there is a risk of dependence and lack of attention to short-term needs. From a Christian perspective, visionary leadership stems from a relationship with God, where vision is divine revelation manifested through prayer and obedience. Biblical figures such as Nehemiah, Joshua, and Moses are examples of visionary leaders who combine faith and strategy. In conclusion, effective visionary leadership must balance strategic and spiritual vision for the success of the organization and community.

Church congregations generally include ,men, women, youth, teenagers and children. It should be that when worship is held, all elements of the church gather and worship together. However, in reality there is an imbalance in the number of congregations present at church from the number of congregation members who attend each week. At GMI Pulau Sibandang, this occurs in the number of Men who attend worship every week. This study was written to analyze the role of GMI Pulau Sibandang servants in increasing the presence of fathers in worshiping at church. The research method used literature review, informal interviews and also observations at GMI Pulau Sibandang. The results showed that there were several factors causing fathers to not attend church services. This encouraged GMI Pulau Sibandang servants to pay attention to these factors and implement strategies to overcome this.

Lung health plays a vital role in maintaining individual productivity and metabolic functions, especially in adults. Early detection of pulmonary function decline is essential, as respiratory disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma often develop insidiously. This community service program aimed to conduct early screening of lung function using spirometry in Grogol Subdistrict, West Jakarta, targeting the productive-age population. The activity followed a Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle, beginning with public education and proceeding to spirometry tests, result evaluations, and follow-up medical advice. A total of 71 participants were involved, with a mean age of 43.6 years. The average spirometric values were: Vital Capacity (VC) 2.32 L, Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) 2.09 L, Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) 1.95 L, and FEV1/FVC ratio of 92.14%. Most participants (98.6%) were categorized as "normal/at risk", with only 1.4% suspected of having a pulmonary disorder. These findings underscore the importance of routine lung health monitoring in asymptomatic individuals. Through early screening and health education, this program contributes to increasing public awareness of respiratory health, promoting preventive strategies, and potentially reducing the burden of chronic lung diseases in the long term.   Keywords: Lung Function, Spirometry, Early Detection, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Health Screening

White oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is a type of wood fungus that can be consumed and has high nutritional content such as carbohydrates, calcium, protein, iron, fat, potassium and phosphorus. This study aims to determine the benefits of oyster mushroom growth and production (Pleurotus ostreatus) using various compositions of growing media that incorporate coffee grounds. The study was conducted from June to December 2024 at the oyster mushroom cultivation facility of the Faculty of Agriculture, Christian University of Indonesia Toraja, located in Tallunglipu District, North Toraja Regency. The research consists of three stages: the production of oyster mushroom baglogs with coffee grounds as an additional substrate, testing the effectiveness of coffee grounds as a supplementary substrate in the growing media for oyster mushrooms, and analyzing the farming business based on the production results of oyster mushrooms. The research method employed a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with five treatments: without additional coffee grounds (0%); with additional coffee grounds at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The results indicate that the treatment with 10% coffee grounds yielded the best results, with an average of 35.67 caps, a cap diameter of 9.38 cm, a stem diameter of 1.78 cm, and a mushroom weight of 391.00 grams.

The implementation of the PAKEM (Active, Creative, Effective, and Enjoyable Learning) model in Christian Religious Education (PAK) has shown significant potential in improving students’ understanding of Christian values ​​in elementary schools. This qualitative descriptive study analyzes the implementation of the PAKEM model and its effectiveness in fostering a deeper understanding of values ​​such as compassion, honesty, and forgiveness among students. Although conventional teaching methods are often used in PAK, the PAKEM model encourages active participation, creativity, and a fun learning atmosphere. Research shows that the model has a positive impact on students’ motivation and academic achievement. However, challenges such as limited teacher training and inadequate facilities hinder its optimal implementation. Solutions include ongoing professional development for teachers and adaptation of the curriculum to the local context. The study emphasizes the need for collaboration between educators, parents, and the community to support the effective implementation of the PAKEM model. Ultimately, the PAKEM approach not only improves cognitive outcomes but also contributes to students’ moral and spiritual development, preparing them to embody Christian values ​​in their daily lives.  By cultivating an engaging and supportive learning environment, the PAKEM model aims to create a generation of morally resilient individuals who integrate their faith into their actions.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease whose prevalence continues to increase due to changes in lifestyle and lack of physical activity, especially in the productive age population. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia can cause various serious complications such as nerve, kidney, vision disorders, and cardiovascular disease. Early detection of blood sugar levels is very important to identify risks early and prevent disease progression. The Community Service Program (PKM) implemented at the Asisi Church, Tebet District, aims to increase public awareness of the importance of early detection of diabetes through blood sugar screening activities. This activity uses the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) approach, including capillary blood tests with Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) tools and education about risk factors, symptoms, and prevention of diabetes. Of the 68 participants involved, it was found that 10 people (14.7%) had diabetes, 13 people (19.12%) had prediabetes, and 45 people (66.18%) had normal blood sugar levels. These results emphasize the importance of early detection to prevent long-term complications and encourage people to maintain metabolic health in order to improve quality of life sustainably.

Economic concepts are often considered abstract and difficult to understand by high school students. The lack of connection between the subject matter and the reality of everyday life is one of the factors causing low student interest in learning in this field. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of the "home economics" learning approach in improving students' understanding of the economic system. The study was conducted at SMAN 12 Medan using a quantitative method with a questionnaire instrument that has been tested for validity and reliability. The results showed that this approach was able to explain 59.2% of the variation in students' understanding of economics. This study suggests that teachers use contextual learning models to improve the effectiveness of the economics learning process.    

This study is based on the urgency to understand Calvinism, one of the most influential theological systems in the history of Christianity, which originated from the thoughts of John Calvin in the 16th century. This theology emphasizes the sovereignty of God in the process of salvation, formulated in five core doctrines known by the acronym TULIP: Total Depravity, Unconditional Election, Limited Atonement, Irresistible Grace, and Perseverance of the Saints. The research adopts a qualitative descriptive approach using a library research method, aiming to explore the theological concept of Calvinism through the analysis of theological, historical, and doctrinal literature. The findings reveal that Calvinism forms a systematic theology of salvation that is entirely centered on God’s grace, without reliance on human effort. Additionally, the study highlights how Calvinist teachings have significantly influenced Christian life and church practices, both historically and in the present day. Therefore, it is important for these teachings to be understood and applied contextually in Indonesia, to remain relevant and avoid being misinterpreted as rigid or fatalistic doctrine.

Mental health disorders such as depression, stress, and anxiety are commonly found among individuals in productive age and can have a substantial impact on their quality of life, both personally and socially. Early symptoms like fatigue, mild anxiety, or sleep disturbances, often go unrecognized as they frequently perceived as minor issues, leading to many cases remained undiagnosed during the early stages. The Community Service Program (PKM) conducted in Grogol Subdistrict aimed to raise the public awareness of the importance of early detection of mental health issues through screening using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42). This activity adopted the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) approach, encompassing mental health education, standardized screening, and follow-up in the form of referrals to mental health professionals for participants with abnormal scores. Among 67 participants, 6 individuals (8.96%) were found to have mild to severe depressive symptoms, 19 individuals (28.36%) exhibited mild to severe anxiety symptoms, and 2 individuals (2.99%) experienced mild stress symptoms. These findings emphasized the vital role of early education and screening in preventing mental health disorders, also serves as a foundation for fostering sustained public awareness regarding the importance of maintaining psychosocial well-being.