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With a scar from a caesarean section operation sectio caesarea cause pain to the patient so the patient tends to just lie down, therefore postpartum mothers with a history sectio caesarea early mobilization care is needed. On mother sectio caesarea allowed to get out of bed no later than 24-48 hours after giving birth. one way to reduce pain in mothers after surgery sectio caesarea is by doing reflexology massage therapy. The purpose of this case study is to find out adaptation of pain levels in post-mothers sectio caesarea after reflexology massage therapy. The method used in this case study case study design with a nursing care process approach. The subjects in this case study were 2 patients, obtained from inclusion and exclusion criteria, data collection using Numerik rating scale (NRS). The case study results show that on average pain level of the two patients after being given therapeutic intervention reflexology massage for 2x8 hours, namely experiencing changes from severe pain to moderate pain and the patient looks more comfortable and relaxed. The conclusion of this case study shows that there are changes that occur after it is given reflexology therapy intervention for the two patients and experienced a decrease in the pain scale so that both patients are able to adapt to the pain what they feel.

Organizational Development is a long-term and comprehensive strategy to bring an organization to its highest functional level. Organizational Development focuses on changing employee attitudes, values and beliefs so that they are able to identify and implement technical changes for the betterment of the organization. This research uses qualitative research with the research results that Organizational Development is based on two important assumptions: Humans have a desire to develop and want to contribute to the organization. Organizational Development aims to remove obstacles within the organization that hinder employee development and contribution. Everyone can be accepted and recognized for their role in the group. Organizational Development fosters openness and interaction between group members to increase job satisfaction and group performance. It was concluded that the relationships between groups in an organization determine the effectiveness of each group. Organizational Development encourages interaction between group members to improve coordination and cooperation. Organizational Development is the key to delivering an organization to reach peak performance amidst dynamic change.

Reducing the area of agricultural areas, especially paddy fields into palm oil plantations in the use of space in Mukomuko Regency, has raised concerns about the impact of these changes, namely the decline in rice productivity, which if allowed to drag on could lead to food insecurity due to the decreasing number of functional paddy fields. into oil palm plantations, especially in areas that are designated as agropolitan in the Mukomuko Regency spatial planning. Time and Place of Research: Research was conducted from October to November 2023 in Muko-Muko Regency, Bengkulu Province. To find out the strategy for managing land conversion, SWOT analysis is used. The results of the research show that the position of controlling the conversion of wetland agricultural land is in quadrant I, namely the position with an aggressive strategy (S-O). In this case the recommended strategy is to utilize strengths to take advantage of existing opportunities. Alternative strategies that can be implemented by policy makers, in this case the Mukomuko district government, to prevent the conversion of rice land to oil palm are clear regulations and establishing clear rice field zones in spatial plans, improving government policies in the farming sector, improving institutions in the farming sector, empowerment and socialization regarding land conversion regulations and improving agricultural facilities and infrastructure

This study aims to analyze the influence of maintenance technique analysis on the increase of Gayo Arabica coffee production by farmers in Belang Gele, Bebesen District, Central Aceh Regency. Central Aceh Regency, especially the Belang Gele area, is known as one of the best producers of Arabica coffee in Indonesia, but farmers in this area face various challenges in increasing production, such as climate change, lack of maintenance technology, and pest and disease problems. Good maintenance techniques, including pruning, application of appropriate fertilizers, weed control, pest control, and plant shading, are expected to increase the production of high-quality coffee. This study uses a descriptive approach with data collection through field observations, interviews with coffee farmers, and analysis of the maintenance techniques applied. The results of the study show that the application of agroforestry-based maintenance techniques, the use of organic fertilizers, and efficient water management can increase the production yield of Gayo Arabica coffee. In addition, uncertain weather factors are also a major challenge that affects the quality and quantity of production output. Therefore, the results of this study are expected to provide practical solutions for farmers in increasing coffee production in a sustainable and competitive manner in the global market.

A study was conducted to identify the relationship between height and weight. A researcher claimed that on average, when height increases, weight increases. This is called the Benn parameter. Weight can be adjusted for height using the Benn parameter (kg/mB), where B is the power that minimizes the correlation with height. To investigate how the Benn parameter changes across age and differs between genders. Using linear regression. Multilevel modeling was used to develop a history showing how Benn's parameters change with age from childhood through mid-adulthood and into older age. The data used information from a sample of 40 adults and 40 children under five. Height was measured in centimeters, weight was measured in kilograms. At alpha equal to 0.05 (α=0.05), the hypothesis is that there is a relationship between height and weight. This is the data, which is height and weight. And here is the hypothesis.  (Hnull) there is no relationship between height and weight, ρ equals 0. And ,, there is a relationship between height and weight, ρ does not equal 0. And we test to claim that .

Hospital Information Systems (HIS), or Sistem Informasi Rumah Sakit (SIRS), play a critical role in enhancing administrative efficiency, decision support, and healthcare service quality. However, their implementation and effectiveness vary significantly across healthcare settings, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aims to systematically evaluate the existing literature on HIS effectiveness, implementation barriers, and administrative impact. Using a PRISMA-based Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, we examined 14 high-quality studies from multiple scholarly databases including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Garuda. The review applied a hybrid thematic synthesis grounded in HOT-FIT and DeLone & McLean models, combined with a normalized quality scoring system. The findings reveal that HIS implementations positively influence administrative workflow, billing accuracy, and patient throughput, though outcomes are context-dependent. Key challenges include lack of interoperability, resistance to change, and insufficient training. Notably, regulatory mandates and national digital health policies were found to significantly enhance HIS adoption and sustainability. This review contributes a multidimensional synthesis of HIS performance, highlighting the importance of human, organizational, and policy alignment. It offers an evidence-backed framework for HIS evaluation that bridges theory and practice. We conclude that integrated, context-sensitive HIS models are essential for advancing hospital management and public health systems, and recommend further empirical studies on long-term impact and cross-sector integration.

Negative ambition, thirst for power, which gives birth to fraud in constitutional politics, greed will tend to give birth to authoritarian government, which also facilitates uncontrolled corrupt behavior in all levels of the government system, the result is that corruption becomes a system that is difficult to judge effectively. right in front of the judiciary. The state's ideals which are the legal basis in the Proclamation are only historical, the State's goals as stated in Paragraph IV appear to be subject to multiple interpretations with negative ambitions and a monopoly in the control of natural resources by certain groups. The Constitutional Court has become a bone of contention. because it is considered the last bull of the constitution. The various systems and regulations as the basic foundation in the 1945 Constitution are the reason that it is no longer appropriate to the situation and must be repeatedly amended. The recruitment of State Rulers through the ELECTION system once every five years continues to be changed in a direction that is increasingly widening and even eliminating the true meaning of the goals of a State which is based on the Blessing of God. Almighty. Our constitutional history, which is quite long since the birth of the 1945 Constitution, will continue to be corrected for reasons of adjusting interests. In fact, the state is a tool to achieve the goals of the nation that agreed to form the state with the aim of protecting and ensuring the welfare of the people of that nation. The principles and foundations of the State have been established as the foundation in a state order, but our constitutional problems can only be resolved by changing the law and very minimally changing the concept of human thinking in that Pancasila has become the philosophy and goal of national life. The next question will be whether the Amendment to the 1945 Constitution will continue. carried out to adjust the circumstances of the desires or interests of the State authorities. Conflicts of interest in our state structure must return to the order of religious values ​​in religion which in Islamic psychology is known as Maqashidus syari'ah jurisprudence.

This study aimed to investigate the physiological impact of academic stress, particularly examination stress, on biochemical indices among college students at the University of Tikrit. A total of 60 healthy students (30 in an experimental group and 30 in a control group) aged 19-21 years participated in this cross-sectional study. Salivary samples were collected during pre-examination and post-examination periods to measure levels of cortisol, malondialdehyde (MDA), glucose, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The results indicated significant increases in cortisol, MDA, and glucose levels in the pre-examination period compared to the post-examination period, suggesting heightened stress responses. Conversely, TAC levels were significantly higher in the post-examination period, indicating a potential recovery or response to oxidative stress. The findings support the hypothesis that academic examinations can induce significant physiological stress in students, reflected by changes in salivary biochemical markers. These stress responses may influence overall student health and academic performance, suggesting the need for strategies to manage stress among students during examinations.

This article examines the dynamics, challenges, and opportunities in implementing the merit system policy within the context of Indonesia’s bureaucratic reform, employing a narrative literature review approach using a triangulation of scholarly sources. Thematic analysis identifies five critical themes that hinder the implementation of the merit system: structural tensions between political patronage and meritocracy that create a hybrid spoils–merit system; significant institutional capacity gaps between central and local governments; digital transformation through platforms such as CAT, SmartASN, and SIPINTER as catalysts for transparency and objectivity; organizational cultural resistance rooted in patrimonial and seniority values; and the weakening of independent oversight exacerbated by the dissolution of KASN’s mandate. Although a progressive regulatory framework has been established through Law No. 5 of 2014, the implementation of the merit system remains constrained by persistent clientelism, limited institutional capacity, and cultural resistance. This study contributes to the theoretical discourse on Weberian bureaucracy, New Public Management, and good governance by confirming that the implementation of the merit system in developing countries constitutes a political–cultural transformation that requires fundamental changes in political incentive structures, institutional capacity, and organisational values. Managerial implications include strengthening independent oversight, making substantial investments in institutional capacity, accelerating inclusive digital transformation, and implementing systematic change management programs to expedite the transition toward a performance-based bureaucracy that is professional and integrity-driven in support of Indonesia’s Golden Vision 2045

This article explores how inflation affects consumer purchasing behavior in emerging markets. Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, the study examines changes in spending habits, preferences for goods, and brand loyalty during periods of high inflation. The findings highlight the adaptive strategies consumers employ to manage their purchasing decisions and the implications for marketers in these economies.

Fraud in the accounting field is fraud that involves data manipulation, asset theft, or other violations of business ethics. The Bitung City Regional Financial and Asset Agency is one of the agencies that is vulnerable to fraud. BKAD has the task of assisting the Mayor through the Regional Secretary in carrying out supporting functions in government affairs in the field of finance and regional assets. The research method used in this research is the quantitative method, a quantitative method, namely a research method that uses numbers and statistics in collecting and analyzing data that can be measured. The results of this research indicate that Fraud Risk Assessment has a significant positive effect on Time Pressure on Regional Financial Agencies and Assets. Auditors do not ignore audit procedures and can complete the audit process well even though the time pressure available to complete the audit is limited, auditors are able to indicate the occurrence of fraud either from suspicious documentation or changes in someone's behavior. Researchers concluded that Fraud Risk Assessment had a significant positive effect on Internal Control at the Regional Financial and Asset Agency (BKAD). This indicates that the higher the level of fraud risk assessment possessed by the auditor, the greater the auditor's ability to detect fraud.

This study aims to determine the benefits of the farmer card program in improving the welfare of poor farmers in Talotenreng Village at the BPP Sabbangparu of the Wajo Regency Agriculture and Food Security Office and to find out the factors that hinder the evaluation of the farmer card program in improving the welfare of poor farmers in Talotenreng Village at the BPP Sabbangparu of the Wajo Regency Agriculture and Food Security Office. The research method used is a qualitative method, usually the data is inductive or qualitative, and the type of research used is descriptive that provides a detailed picture or phenomenon. The results of this study show that the Farmer Card Program in Talotenreng Village has not been used by farmers as recipients of farmer cards or is still tentative so that farmers cannot feel the benefits, because there are no instructions, directions or orders from the Central Government/Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia. The Farmer Card Program is the latest Government program implemented in all regions with the aim of redeeming the purchase of subsidized fertilizers in an effort to improve the welfare of farmers in accordance with Presidential Regulation No. 77 of 2005 concerning the Determination of Subsidized Fertilizers as Goods in Supervision as amended by Presidential Regulation No. 15 of 2011 concerning Changes in the Determination of Subsidized Fertilizers as Goods Under Supervision.    

This research aims to explore the challenges and opportunities of implementing Good Corporate Governance (GCG) in Dapur Bestie, a culinary business, from the stakeholders' perspective. Through a combination of surveys, interviews, and document analysis, we gained insights into the factors influencing the company's GCG practices. The findings indicate that Dapur Bestie faces challenges such as stringent regulations, resource constraints, supply chain complexity, and resistance to change. However, there are significant opportunities to strengthen GCG practices, including enhancing brand reputation, operational efficiency, and stakeholder engagement. The integrity of GCG practices within the organizational culture is identified as key to long-term success. This research suggests strategic steps that Dapur Bestie can take to reinforce their GCG practices, considering the company's vision and the expectations of all involved parties. It is hoped that sustained efforts to improve GCG will yield long-term benefits for the company and society at large.

This article explores the reframing of holistic education by integrating spirituality and ethics as core components to achieve transformative impact. The study highlights the limitations of conventional education systems that prioritize cognitive development while neglecting moral and spiritual dimensions. The objective is to propose a more comprehensive educational paradigm that nurtures learners as whole individuals—intellectually, emotionally, morally, and spiritually. Using qualitative literature analysis, this study identifies the role of spiritual and ethical integration in shaping character, enhancing empathy, and fostering social responsibility. The findings suggest that embedding these values within curriculum design and instructional practices contributes to meaningful personal development and community transformation. By addressing the growing need for a more inclusive approach to education, the article emphasizes how integrating spirituality and ethics can bridge gaps in traditional educational models. The research underscores the importance of fostering emotional and moral intelligence alongside intellectual growth, particularly in a world where global challenges require not only intellectual problem-solving but also ethical decision-making and empathy. The implications emphasize the need for inclusive and humanistic approaches in education, encouraging educators to act as facilitators of life values and agents of change. Through the integration of spirituality and ethics, education can help shape a new generation of compassionate leaders and engaged citizens. By reimagining holistic education through this lens, the article offers a framework that aligns academic achievement with ethical consciousness and spiritual growth, ultimately fostering a more just and compassionate society. This transformative approach offers a comprehensive model for educators and policymakers aiming to prepare students not only for professional success but also for meaningful lives rooted in integrity and responsibility.

Advances in digital technology in the current Industry 4.0 era have changed and influenced several aspects of human life. Suppose the Indonesian people do not want the identity and character of their community and their cultural riches to be lost at the hands of globalization. In that case, the community must have a robust defence mechanism. One way to build a defense system is through education. Technology and education are two things that cannot be separated. Pesantren is the oldest Islamic education and broadcasting institution in Indonesia. This research aims to examine and formulate the implications of the shift in orientation and value systems of Islamic boarding schools at the modern Islamic boarding school Nurussalam Sidogede (South Sumatra), the modern Islamic boarding school Darul A'mal (Metro Lampung), the Al-Hikmah Islamic boarding school (Bandar Lampung) and the modern Islamic boarding school Al -Muhajirin (Cikarang Bekasi) with an AGIL approach. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The primary data used in this research is sourced from the author's interviews with the Islamic boarding school. The results show that there are several similarity and differences between the transformative Islamic boarding school and non-transformative Islamic boarding school groups in terms of variables or indicators, namely Adaptation (A), Integration (I), Goal (G), and Latent Patten (L).

The era of globalization brings changes by causing religion, which was originally a public issue, to turn into a privacy issue. The development of religion which has become a private matter makes teenagers as identity seekers tend to implement it. The purpose of this activity is to preserve Walisongo so that it is not eliminated from the historical facts of the spread of Islam. The method applied in this service is Participatory Action Research (PAR). The results of this service activity have a positive impact on teenagers because know more about the nine saints of God who spread Islam in the archipelago and increase their understanding of the character of the saints and their struggles. The impact of getting to know the teenagers in Bebekan Tengah Village, Taman District, Sidoarjo Regency increased their admiration for the walisongo struggle which resulted in an increase in pilgrimages to the walisongo graves.

The post-operative recovery process is an important aspect in improving the quality of life for the elderly. A proper understanding of wound care, pain management, and activities that can accelerate recovery is essential to support their healing. Therefore, appropriate education and counseling are needed to help the elderly manage their recovery process effectively. The aim of this community service activity is to improve the knowledge and skills of the elderly community in Surakarta regarding post-operative healing. The method used in this activity is a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design consisting of a pre-test and post-test with one group. The respondents were 20 elderly individuals who had undergone surgery. A pre-test was conducted before the education to measure the initial knowledge level of the elderly regarding post-operative care. After providing education on wound care, pain management, and the importance of recovery activities, a post-test was conducted to measure changes in the elderly’s knowledge after receiving the education. The results of this activity showed a significant increase in the elderly’s knowledge, as indicated by the difference between pre-test and post-test scores. This demonstrates that the education provided was effective in enhancing the elderly’s understanding of post-operative care and recovery processes. This activity is expected to help the elderly recover more quickly and effectively, thereby improving their quality of life after surgery.

This study explores the integration of green practices into nursing protocols as a means of reducing the environmental impact of hospital care. Hospitals significantly contribute to global carbon emissions, and nursing practices are integral to healthcare operations, yet they often lack sustainability considerations. The aim of this research was to develop and implement a set of green-practice guidelines tailored for nursing staff to minimize carbon emissions and improve operational efficiency. Through collaboration with environmental experts, nursing staff, and hospital management, new guidelines were established focusing on waste reduction, energy-efficient practices, and sustainable procurement. A waste-audit assessment was conducted to analyze current waste management practices, while a pilot implementation was carried out in selected hospital wards. The results revealed an 18% reduction in carbon emissions following the integration of these green practices into daily nursing activities. Key contributors to this reduction included waste segregation, the use of reusable medical supplies, and energy conservation measures such as optimizing lighting and HVAC systems. However, challenges such as resistance to change, resource limitations, and the need for specialized training were identified during the pilot phase. Despite these barriers, the research highlights the significant potential for nurses to lead sustainability efforts in healthcare settings. The findings indicate that integrating green practices into nursing protocols can provide environmental, operational, and economic benefits, ultimately contributing to more sustainable healthcare systems. Future research should refine these protocols, explore their broader application, and assess long-term outcomes across various healthcare settings

Urban workers are increasingly vulnerable to heat stress due to rising global temperatures, especially in cities affected by the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. This heat stress poses significant risks to worker health and productivity, exacerbating health issues such as dehydration, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke, while also reducing work efficiency. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of green rooftop designs as a mitigation strategy for heat stress in urban workplace environments. Green rooftops are increasingly seen as a sustainable solution for urban heat management, offering benefits in temperature regulation, energy efficiency, and overall worker well-being. This study examines various heat stress mitigation strategies, including green roofs, industrial fans, and shading systems, focusing on their comparative effectiveness in reducing temperatures and improving worker comfort. The research involved environmental temperature measurements inside and outside urban workplaces, the use of wearable heat sensors to monitor workers’ heat stress levels, and building energy simulations to predict the impact of green rooftops on indoor climate control. Results indicate that green rooftops reduced workplace temperatures by an average of 3.8°C and decreased heat-stress-related complaints by 35%. In comparison to industrial fans and shading systems, green rooftops provided superior long-term relief, reducing heat stress and improving both worker productivity and environmental quality. The findings support the integration of green rooftops into urban workplace designs as a viable climate adaptation strategy. Future research should explore optimizing green rooftop designs for different climates and assessing their long-term benefits for worker health and urban resilience.

This study aims to explore the dynamics of leadership regeneration in an ecclesiastical context with an emphasis on three main aspects: the urgency of leadership renewal, the escalation of conflict within the synod, and the contribution of cross-generational participation in the leadership structure. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative, which focuses on in-depth understanding of existing phenomena. Regeneration of ecclesiastical leadership is becoming an increasingly urgent issue in the midst of rapid social change, transformation of service orientation, and the declining level of involvement of the younger generation in church organizational structures. In the absence of a structured and sustainable regeneration system, the dominance of certain age groups in leadership may hinder the renewal of the church's vision and the transfer of relevant ministry values. Therefore, leadership regeneration should be viewed as a transformative and contextual structural reform, which aims to respond to the challenges of the times and prepare a more inclusive and adaptive future leadership. Conflicts in church synods are often triggered by the tension between the application of normative church ordinances and the complexity of interpersonal relationships shaped by the history and internal dynamics of the church. Rigid application of ecclesiastical regulations without considering the social context can trigger deliberative dysfunction and polarization, which hinders inclusive decision-making. In this case, managerial skills in managing conflict through dialogic, empathic, and reconciliatory approaches are needed to maintain the cohesion and legitimacy of the synod, so that decisions can reflect the needs and aspirations of the people. Cross-generational participation in church leadership is key to ensuring continuity and synergy in ministry. Collaboration between senior and younger generations can strengthen collective capacity, transform power relations, and create inclusive and sustainable leadership models.