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This research was conducted to assess the effectiveness of using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) approach in teaching poetry writing in Indonesian language classes. This method was applied to assess the extent of students' mastery of the material and their response to problem-based learning. Based on the results of the questionnaire distributed, it was found that materials such as procedural texts, expository texts, negotiation texts, poetry, drama, and novels are materials that often use the PBL model. The results show that around 75%–80% of students understand learning with the PBL approach and show active and enthusiastic responses during the learning process. However, the implementation of PBL faces a number of obstacles, including limited time allocation and the level of readiness of students in digesting complex problems. Thus, periodic assessment and adaptation of the learning approach are key to optimising the effectiveness of this method.

The development of information technology has had a major impact on how Generation Z students in Banten obtain information. This situation requires digital literacy skills that are not only technical in nature, but also involve critical thinking and digital ethics. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between digital literacy and understanding of Pancasila values among Generation Z students in Banten, as well as to identify factors that support, hinder, and strategies to strengthen Pancasila-based character in the digital world. The method used in this study is qualitative with a literature study approach supported by observations on campus and interviews with students. The findings show that students' digital literacy is in the good category, but it is not yet fully in line with their understanding of Pancasila values. The impact of negative information, such as hoaxes and hedonistic culture, is a major obstacle to national character. Supporting factors include the role of stakeholders in providing space for learning media ethics. This study highlights the importance of integrating Pancasila values into digital literacy through an adaptable Pancasila Education curriculum, the development of educational content, and collaboration between stakeholders. The implications of this study indicate the need to strengthen students' character so that they can become ethical, responsible digital citizens who reflect the values of Pancasila. 

This study aims to understand and explain in depth the role of teachers in the care of children aged 3–5 years at the Siti Hajar Kindergarten and its influence on child development. This study used a qualitative approach with the aim of obtaining a comprehensive picture of the interactions between teachers and children in daily care activities. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation that describe care practices in the TPA environment. The results show that teachers have a very important role, including as guides in learning activities, mediators in children's social and emotional development, motivators to foster interest in learning, role models of positive behavior, and communication bridges between children and parents. These roles contribute significantly to character formation, social skills development, increased learning motivation, and children's emotional well-being. Despite facing various obstacles, such as limited facilities and challenges in maintaining children's concentration, teachers continue to strive to provide optimal care through enjoyable learning strategies and active communication with parents. This study recommends increasing teacher capacity and strengthening collaboration between educational institutions and families to support the sustainable growth and development of early childhood.  

This study aims to determine and analyze the Quality of Public Services in Making Birth Certificates at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Gorontalo City. Viewed from the aspects: (1) Tangible (Physical Evidence), (2) Reliability (Reliability), (3) Responsiveness (Responsiveness), (4) Assurance (Guarantee), (5) Empathy (Empathy). This research method uses a Qualitative Approach with a Descriptive type. Data collection techniques used in this study are observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that in general the quality of public services in making birth certificates at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Gorontalo City has been running well, although there are still some obstacles. In the Tangible dimension, the infrastructure is adequate but still needs to be updated on technological devices. In the Reliability dimension, the service has followed the established procedures and completion times, although sometimes hampered by system disruptions. The Responsiveness dimension shows that employees are quite responsive in responding to community needs, but need to increase effectiveness when queues are high. In the Assurance dimension, employees are competent and maintain data security, supported by technical training in population administration management. Meanwhile, in the Empathy dimension, employees are friendly and caring, although individual attention to the public is reduced during peak hours.

Indonesia has extraordinary resources and potential in developing renewable energy sources (RES), but various obstacles must be overcome in implementing RES. The purpose of this study is to analyze the gap in the application of RES. This gap includes energy knowledge, community participation, battery waste management, service quality, regulation, and legal policy. This study uses a mixed-methods approach, by conducting a structured questionnaire in quantitative data collection, while qualitative data collection through special interviews, focused group discussions, and conducting policy regulation analysis. The results show that 62% of people do not understand RES, 28% are involved in project planning, and 74% are unaware of SOP (standard operating procedures) regarding battery waste recycling. The results of the correlation analysis reveal a positive relationship between the level of knowledge and interest in RES (R = 0.56). Also, the developed community-based participation model includes initial involvement, transparency of information, and local incentives. These findings further strengthen the compatibility of the innovation diffusion theory, planned behavior theory, SERVQUAL, and the theory of public interest. This study will make a practical contribution through evidence-based strategies in increasing resilience, especially for policymakers and energy service providers. The impact of the policy aspects includes the need for large reforms, education, public campaigns, and the realization of battery waste management systems. This study also provides an opportunity for further study by expanding the geographical scope and related industrial sectors.  

The management of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) at PT Phapros Tbk still faces obstacles in the form of difficult document access, numerous files scattered across several folders, and MSDS presented in English that is difficult for workers to understand. This condition has the potential to hinder understanding of chemical safety information in the work environment. This activity aims to develop a digital innovation in the form of the QR-Safe system to facilitate access and improve workers' understanding of basic MSDS information. The implementation methods include identifying problems through observation and interviews, developing a simplified MSDS summary template consisting of five main sections, creating QR codes for each chemical, and socializing the use of this innovation to employees. The results of the activity show that QR-Safe and the MSDS summary are able to speed up document searches, present safety information more concisely, and make it easier for workers to understand hazard identification, handling procedures, and the use of personal protective equipment. This innovation also contributes to improving the effectiveness of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) in companies. The digitization of MSDS through the QR-Safe digital innovation is highly effective in improving workers' accessibility to and understanding of chemical safety information.

The toilet training program for blind students at the State Special School (SKhN) 01 Pandegelang is an important aspect in the development of basic life skills. Blind students need to be trained systematically and continuously. This study used a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, in-depth interviews with teachers, students and parents, and documentation of the learning program implemented at the school. The results of the study indicate that the toilet training program at SKh Negeri 01 Pandegelang has been designed based on the individual needs of students, by implementing routine-based learning strategies, positive reinforcement, and the use of learning media that can be accessed tactilely and auditorily. Obstacles faced in the implementation of the program include limited special educators, lack of supporting facilities. Nevertheless, this program has a positive impact on increasing the independence of blind students in terms of personal hygiene, discipline, and self-confidence. The conclusion of this study shows that the success of the toilet training program is greatly influenced by teacher involvement, collaboration with parents, and adaptation of learning methods that are appropriate to the characteristics and needs of blind students. Researchers recommend strengthening teacher training, providing disability-friendly facilities, and regular program evaluations to improve optimal results

This study aims to analyze the management of Village Fund Allocation (ADD) in infrastructure development in Plosokandang Village, Kedungwaru District, Tulungagung Regency. The focus of the study covers three main stages of ADD management, namely planning, implementation, and evaluation, as well as identifying supporting and inhibiting factors in the realization of development. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The results of the study indicate that the planning stage has implemented participatory principles through the Village Development Planning Deliberation (Musrenbangdes). The community plays an active role in proposing programs, although not all proposals can be realized due to budget limitations. In the implementation stage, infrastructure development proceeds according to the Budget Plan (RAB) and is carried out by the Activity Implementation Team (TPK) with good coordination. Obstacles that arise mainly come from uncertain weather conditions, but can be overcome with technical adjustments. The evaluation stage shows that the entire budget is absorbed 100% without any discrepancy, and all physical activities are achieved according to target. However, community participation in the evaluation is still limited. Supporting factors for success include information transparency, community participation, and accurate priority setting. The main inhibiting factor was the weather, with no administrative or accountability issues identified. Overall, Village Fund Allocation (ADD) management in Plosokandang Village reflects the principles of transparency, accountability, and effective village development.

The development of information and communication technology in the 21st century has driven a major transformation in the world of education, including in Islamic Religious Education (PAI). The learning process is no longer limited to conventional classrooms but has shifted to interactive and dynamic digital spaces. This study aims to analyze the role of technology in PAI learning innovation by reviewing its effectiveness, challenges, and implementation strategies from a pedagogical and theological perspective. Through a library research approach with content analysis of scientific literature, this study found that the use of digital technologies such as e-learning platforms, social media, and Islamic applications has the potential to strengthen the internalization of Islamic values ​​in a contextual and engaging manner for the digital native generation. However, the application of technology in PAI still faces various obstacles, such as disparities in access, low teacher digital literacy, and the threat of religious disinformation in cyberspace. Therefore, technology integration must be accompanied by strengthening digital ethics and the principles of maqāṣid al-syarī'ah to prevent the erosion of the spiritual value of Islamic education. The study's findings demonstrate that effective Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning innovations focus not only on the use of digital media but also on character development and noble morals through holistic, creative, and humanistic learning designs. This research contributes to the formulation of a new paradigm for Islamic education that integrates technology and spirituality as a means of developing a generation of Muslims who are morally upright, critical, and adaptable to the challenges of the digital era.

This research intends to examine the application of good governance principles in non-formal education services at the Sidoarjo District Education and Culture Office, concentrating on accountability, transparency, participation, and institutional responsiveness. The study is based on the necessity for effective governance to guarantee quality, fairness, and efficiency in educational services reaching broader communities. A case study approach using qualitative methods was utilized, involving key informants like the head of the non-formal education division, managers of training centers, tutors, and students. Data were gathered via in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation, then analyzed thematically to uncover implementation patterns and difficulties. The findings show that accountability has been reinforced through organized program assessments and reporting, whereas transparency has enhanced through improved access to public data. Nonetheless, coordination among agencies and the capacity of human resources continue to be major obstacles. Engagement and reactivity have demonstrated improvement, yet demand enhanced integration of digital systems. The research finds that effective good governance execution depends on the collaboration of policy, technology, and various stakeholders. Suggestions highlight the need for strengthening officials' capabilities and creating cohesive education information systems to foster more responsible and inclusive governance.

Sexual violence within the family is a serious criminal act that not only violates the law but also causes profound physical and psychological suffering for victims. The complexity of such cases increases as the perpetrators are often close family members, resulting in trauma and obstacles in law enforcement. Decision Number 2068/Pid.Sus/2020/PN.Medan serves as the basis for analyzing the extent to which legal protection can be provided to victims. The research problems addressed are: (1) what forms of legal protection are available for victims of sexual violence within the family under Indonesian positive law, and (2) how such protection is implemented in Decision Number 2068/Pid.Sus/2020/PN.Medan. The research method applied is normative juridical with statutory, conceptual, and case study approaches. Data sources include legislation, legal literature, and court decision analysis. The findings reveal that legal protection for victims is regulated under the Child Protection Law, the Criminal Code, and other legal instruments emphasizing preventive, repressive, and rehabilitative measures. The Medan District Court imposed a severe sentence on the perpetrator in accordance with the law; however, protection for victims remains limited to formal aspects without comprehensive psychological recovery programs. In conclusion, the protection of victims of sexual violence within the family has been clearly regulated on a normative basis, but its implementation remains weak. Greater collaboration between law enforcement authorities, child protection institutions, and professionals is necessary to ensure the holistic recovery of victims.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of procurement of goods and services through e-Catalog version 6 in Balongbendo District after the enactment of policy changes from the previous version (V5). In addition, this study also identifies impacts, obstacles, and strategies to increase system effectiveness. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a document study approach based on the Electronic Procurement of Goods/Services Implementation Report for the third quarter of 2025 as a secondary data source. The results of this study show that the implementation of the V6 e-Catalog has been relatively effective with a completion rate of 87.18% of a total of 39 procurement packages. However, obstacles were found in the form of human error (75%) and system bugs (25%) that caused some packages to be unable to be processed. The transition from version 5 to version 6 brings a positive impact in terms of increased transparency and efficiency, but it also poses new challenges in adapting to the latest version. This study confirms that the success of digital transformation of public procurement does not only depend on technological aspects, but also on human readiness and adaptive institutional governance.  

This research aims to explore the role of service excellence in enhancing consumer loyalty in culinary MSMEs, with a case study at RM Kamang Jaya in Medan City. In facing intense competition in the food industry, excellent service becomes an important strategy to maintain and expand the customer base. A qualitative approach with a case study method was employed to deeply examine customer experiences, perceptions, and service practices through interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings show that the consistent application of service standards, friendly attitudes of staff, and attention to detail in service delivery greatly contribute to customer satisfaction and loyalty. Good service has been proven to encourage repeat orders, create positive experiences, and enhance word-of-mouth promotion. Despite some technical obstacles, such as order errors or menu limitations, the quick response and professional attitude of employees were able to minimize their impact. These findings confirm that service excellence not only meets the functional needs of consumers but also builds emotional attachment, which becomes the foundation of long-term loyalty. The implications of this research are significant for other MSME actors in designing superior service strategies to face increasingly complex business competition.

The development of digital technology has changed the paradigm of MSME businesses, including in building brand image. This study analyzes strategies for enhancing brand image through digital business at Ayam Celup Juaro’s MSMEs in Medan City. The research method uses a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation studies. The results show that multi-platform digital integration (Instagram, TikTok, WhatsApp) is effective in building brand image. Instagram serves as a medium for visual representation of the brand, TikTok as a driver for acquiring new customers through viral content, and WhatsApp as a means of personal communication to maintain customer loyalty. The key factors for success are content consistency and timely service. The main obstacles faced are budget constraints and challenges in maintaining content consistency. This research provides practical contributions for SMEs in developing integrated digital strategies to enhance brand image in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution.

Islamic education has a strategic role in shaping the character, morality, and spirituality of students, but it is faced with complex challenges in the era of social, cultural, and technological transformation. The low pedagogic and professional competence of some teachers, the limitations of digital literacy, the dominance of conventional learning methods, and a less contextual curriculum are significant obstacles. This service program is designed to improve the competence of madrasah teachers through participatory training approaches, intensive mentoring, and strengthening learning communities based on the concepts of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) and Professional Learning Community (PLC). Activities include initial assessments, competency workshops, the use of learning technology, weekly mentoring, and pre-test and post-test evaluations. The results showed a significant increase in pedagogic competence (28%) and mastery of technology (34%), accompanied by positive changes in motivation, innovative attitudes, and awareness of contextualization of teaching materials. However, time constraints, variations in digital literacy, and institutional support are obstacles that need to be overcome through synergy between stakeholders. These findings underscore the importance of continuous, reflective, and contextual coaching models to strengthen the role of teachers as agents of change in Islamic education.

This study was conducted to evaluate the level of conformity between actual mining activities in March 2025 and the monthly sequence design plan at PT Tama Raya's P3000BK14 pit. The evaluation focused on geometric deviations, volume achievement, and changes in field conditions that influenced these discrepancies. The data used included the sequence design, actual topography from the TLS (Low-Scale Land Survey), and weekly production realizations. The results showed significant discrepancies between the planned and actual operations in weeks 2 and 4, primarily in the form of overcuts, undercuts, non-designed contour changes, thinning of the coal seam, and hydrological obstacles such as ponding and unstable drainage. The R2 sequence redesign in week 4 proved to improve the overburden excavation flow but did not fully restore coal access due to persistent geological and water conditions. These findings emphasize the need for more rapid topographic updates, more intensive water handling, and interdepartmental coordination to ensure better synchronization of plans and operations.

This study examines the communication strategy implemented by the Surabaya Transportation Agency in providing education about Traffic Impact Analysis (Andalalin) at Siola Mall with the aim of increasing public understanding and trust in the service. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through field observations, activity documentation, and literature studies, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. The findings show that humanely designed communication—prioritizing empathy, information openness, and quality assurance of service—can strengthen the relationship between officers and the community and increase the level of public trust. Communication practices include the delivery of simplified technical information, two-way dialogue to accommodate citizens' aspirations, and demonstrations of transparent Andalalin procedures. Factors that support success include officer competence, consistency of message, and the use of communication media that suits the character of the audience. The obstacles found include initial resistance from the community, limited resources, and the complexity of urban transportation issues. The research recommendations include strengthening the communication capacity of officers, developing participatory educational materials, and cross-sector collaboration to ensure the sustainability of Andalalin's education program and improving the quality of public services in Surabaya.

Education is a fundamental right that must be fought for by every child in the nation, and throughout its development, it continues to undergo innovations and evaluations toward better quality. One educational model that is growing in Indonesia is the boarding school system, which has its own characteristics, advantages, and challenges. This study aims to describe the social studies (IPS) teachers’ strategies in boarding school–based learning, the implementation of IPS learning within the boarding school environment, and the obstacles faced by IPS teachers at MTs Darul Hikmah. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. The study was conducted at Pondok Modern Darul Hikmah Tulungagung, with seventh-grade students as research subjects. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show several factors that influence the low effectiveness of IPS learning in boarding schools, including the dense institutional activity schedule that reduces students’ learning focus, teachers’ limited mastery of the subject matter and classroom management, and the dual curriculum implemented simultaneously within the institution. Efforts to improve IPS learning effectiveness include enhancing teacher discipline when entering and leaving the classroom, utilizing audio-visual learning media, and connecting learning materials with current issues to make the lessons more relevant and engaging. Furthermore, the study reveals several advantages of boarding school–based education, such as fostering students’ independence, developing social awareness, providing deeper religious instruction, and integrating both general and religious education. Thus, IPS learning in boarding schools has the potential to develop more optimally with the support of appropriate learning strategies and more structured institutional management.

Occupational Safety and Health (OHS) is a fundamental aspect in maintaining the smooth production process while maintaining the welfare of workers in the food manufacturing industry. This study aims to analyze in depth the implementation of the OHS program at PT XY, a medium-scale food manufacturing company, by reviewing the applicable policies, program implementation, obstacles encountered, and potential strategies for improvement. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach through direct observation in the production area, semi-structured interviews with 12 informants consisting of managers, supervisors, and operators, and a review of various internal company documents related to OHS. The research findings revealed that the company has a formally formulated OHS policy supported by regular training, but its implementation is not evenly distributed across all work units. Key weaknesses include inconsistent internal audit implementation, low worker awareness in reporting incidents, and a limited number of human resources with specific OHS competencies. Based on these findings, the study recommends strengthening the risk-based OHS management system, increasing human resource capacity, and integrating OHS indicators into the production performance evaluation system to support more optimal OHS implementation in the company.

This study explores the use of art and cultural practices as a means to instill Islamic values in the learning process of Islamic Religious Education. The background of this research arises from the challenges faced by Islamic education in the era of globalization, particularly the declining interest of students in Islamic-oriented activities and the strong influence of popular culture. Using a descriptive qualitative approach by reviewing relevant literature, the study finds that various forms of Islamic art such as nasheed, hadrah, calligraphy, and Islamic-themed drama can help students understand and appreciate religious values in a more engaging and meaningful way. These artistic activities serve as a bridge between Islamic teachings and everyday life, allowing values such as good character, piety, and love for the Qur’an to be internalized more effectively. However, the implementation still encounters several obstacles, including limited teacher competence and insufficient curriculum support. The study concludes that strengthening collaboration with the community, utilizing digital technology, and developing extracurricular programs are important steps to reinforce the application of Islamic values through art and cultural approaches within educational settings.