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Currently, Indonesia faces three major nutrition-related problems among adolescents, known as the triple burden of malnutrition, namely undernutrition (stunting and wasting), micronutrient deficiencies, and obesity. Children's cognitive development is greatly influenced by adequate nutrition, as physical and brain growth go hand in hand in the growth and development process. A balanced and high-quality diet supports optimal growth and development and influences children's nutritional status and intellectual intelligence. This study aims to analyze the relationship between nutritional status and intellectual intelligence in students. This study is an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional approach. The subjects of this study were 68 students aged 13–15 years at SMPN 2 Sumber, Probolinggo Regency. Primary data were obtained through IQ tests and weight and height measurements, while secondary data were in the form of student identities. Data analysis used a two-sample t-test. The results showed that out of 42 students with poor nutritional status, 38 students (90.5%) had low IQ (<100). Among 23 students with normal nutritional status, 11 students (47.8%) had low IQ and 12 students (52.2%) had moderate IQ (100–109). The statistical test results showed a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant relationship between nutritional status and intellectual ability. In conclusion, nutritional status is associated with intellectual ability among students at SMPN 2 Sumber, Probolinggo District. Students with poor nutritional status have a higher risk of having an IQ below average.

Protection of well-known trademarks is a crucial aspect of intellectual property systems, especially in the face of global trade dynamics and the development of digital technologies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal protection for owners of well-known trademarks from the perspective of court decisions in Indonesia. Using a qualitative method based on a normative juridical approach and case studies of court rulings (including the Hugo Boss and Superman cases), this research reveals that trademark protection in Indonesia remains reactive, dependent on litigation, and has not fully prevented the registration of confusingly similar trademarks by parties acting in bad faith. Moreover, the absence of objective standards for defining well-known trademarks and indicators of bad faith weakens legal certainty. On the other hand, courts have begun to show consistency in rejecting trademark registrations that violate the principles of well-known trademark protection, although this has yet to be supported by an adequate administrative system from the Directorate General of Intellectual Property (DJKI). The study recommends the establishment of technical regulations, strengthening DJKI’s capacity, and integrating protection systems with international norms as strategic steps to reinforce legal protection for owners of well-known trademarks in Indonesia.

This article explores the concept of insan kamil (the perfect human) from the perspective of Kautsar Azhari Noer, a prominent contemporary Muslim thinker. Noer integrates the classical Sufi philosophical framework with the challenges of modern human civilization. According to Noer, the perfect human is not only defined by spiritual proximity to God but also by the ability to reflect divine values in intellectual, ethical, and cultural dimensions. Using a qualitative, literature-based approach, this study analyses Noer's interpretations in relation to classical sources such as Ibn ʿArabī and Al-Jīlī. The findings show that Noer offers a philosophical reinterpretation of insan kamil as a response to modern existential and moral crises.

The digital era has brought major changes to various aspects of life, including in the world of education. One of the main challenges that has emerged is how to shape the character of the younger generation amidst the flow of information that is so fast, free, and uncontrolled. The negative influence of social media, the decline in direct social interaction, and weak control over digital content consumed by students are serious obstacles in the implementation of character education. This article discusses these challenges while offering strategies that can be implemented by educators, parents, and educational institutions. The strategies outlined include the wise integration of technology in character learning, strengthening the role of the family as the first and foremost educational environment, and the importance of role models and consistency of moral values in everyday life. Through an adaptive, collaborative, and sustainable approach, character education can remain the foundation in forming a generation that is not only intellectually intelligent, but also has integrity, responsibility, and noble character in the digital era.

Handicrafts are an important part of the creative economy sector in Indonesia. The creative economy itself is an activity based on the use of intellectual property to create creativity, which aims to increase skills and income. The formulation of this research is that this research aims to determine the impact of the decrease in selling price on the production interest of artisans in Beleka Village and the factors causing the price decrease. This study uses a qualitative approach with a type of field research, subjects are selected purposively, with data collection techniques through observation and interviews. The validity of the data was tested using source triangulation, while data analysis was carried out through the stages of collection, reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show, first, the decline in the price of handicrafts in Beleka Village has a great influence on the enthusiasm and interest of artisans to stop producing. This is due to low selling prices and imbalances with the increase in raw material costs, which ultimately reduces profits. Second, Second, the decline in the price of handicrafts in Beleka Village is caused by several main factors. One of them is competition with bulk products that are cheaper and easily accessible in the market. In addition, changes in consumer tastes who tend to choose modern and practical products also contribute to reducing interest in traditional crafts.

Jesus Christ as a role model for PAK teachers so that the role and competence of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers. Jesus, as the Great Teacher, provides a learning model centered on love, patience, wisdom, and real-life examples. By understanding and applying the principles of Jesus' leadership and teaching, PAK teachers can be more effective in guiding students, both in spiritual and moral aspects. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach. Data were collected through literature study of theological literature, Christian education, and analysis of Jesus' teachings and actions in the Bible. The results showed that the example of Jesus has a significant impact in shaping the character of PAK teachers, especially in the aspects of integrity, servant leadership, and the ability to educate with love and wisdom. The conclusion of this study confirms that PAK teachers who imitate Jesus can be agents of transformation in the world of education, forming a generation that is not only intellectually intelligent, but also has a strong Christian character.

This study discusses the role of reflective learning strategies in fostering students' religious awareness, with a focus on Islamic character education. Using the literature review method, this research collects and analyzes relevant literature on reflective learning, Islamic religious education, and Islamic character. The findings indicate that reflective learning strategies can bridge the gap between religious knowledge and students' daily actions, while strengthening their Islamic character through deep introspective processes. This strategy provides students with the opportunity to reflect and evaluate their experiences, leading to the reinforcement of spiritual and moral values in their lives. However, challenges in its implementation, such as teacher readiness and classroom culture, need to be addressed for optimal application. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of integrating reflective learning in Islamic character education to shape a generation that is not only intellectually capable but also morally virtuous.  

Leadership plays an essential role in determining the success of an organization, especially in the field of education. In the context of educational management, a leader not only performs administrative functions but also inspires and motivates all elements within the institution. A well-led educational environment can support individual potential development and encourage innovation. The Islamic perspective views leadership as a trust (amanah) that must be carried out with justice, integrity, and moral responsibility. Islamic principles such as trustworthiness, justice, consultation (shura), and noble character serve as a foundation for leaders to make inclusive and fair decisions, enhancing the effectiveness of educational management. This research uses a literature study method to analyze the application of Islamic leadership values in educational management. The findings show that Islamic values in leadership can strengthen motivation, participation, and innovation within educational environments and foster positive character in students and educators. Thus, integrating Islamic values into educational leadership is crucial in forming a generation that is intellectually capable, moral, and faithful.

The rapid growth of financial technology (fintech) has significantly transformed the funding landscape for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), offering innovative financial solutions beyond traditional banking institutions. This study presents a bibliometric analysis of fintech’s role in SME financing, identifying emerging trends and research gaps. Utilizing bibliographic coupling and co-occurrence network analysis, data from Scopus were analyzed to uncover the intellectual structure and evolution of research in this field. The results highlight key themes, including the integration of blockchain, peer-to-peer lending, financial inclusion, and crowdfunding in SME financing. A particular focus on Islamic finance and Islamic crowdfunding indicates a growing interest in alternative financing mechanisms that align with Sharia principles. Additionally, the study reveals an increasing academic focus on fintech adoption in developing economies, particularly in Indonesia and Nigeria, where access to capital remains a critical challenge. The findings underscore fintech’s role in democratizing financial access for SMEs, bridging funding gaps, and fostering economic growth. Future research should investigate regulatory frameworks, risk management strategies, and technological adoption models to optimize the impact of fintech on sustainability in SME financing.

Character and moral education are essential pillars in shaping the personality of Christian students, especially in the context of the disruptive era, which is increasingly marked by rapid technological advancement, moral degradation, and shifting social values. The rise of digitalization and modernization presents new challenges to students' moral integrity, empathy, and spiritual grounding. This article aims to explore and analyze the strategic role of Christian Education in addressing these challenges by integrating character and moral education rooted in Christian values. Using a qualitative literature review method, this study draws from a wide range of primary and secondary sources that include theories of character education, moral development, and biblical-Christian perspectives. The findings indicate that a holistic approach to Christian Education—one that incorporates moral instruction, spiritual formation, and practical application through discipleship, prayer, and the example of Christian educators—can significantly contribute to students’ character development. Furthermore, this integration cultivates not only moral awareness and social responsibility but also fosters resilience and faith-based identity formation. The article also proposes a contextual model for character and moral education that aligns with the demands of the disruptive era, emphasizing the importance of spiritual values alongside intellectual growth. This model serves as a framework for educators to nurture morally and spiritually grounded individuals capable of navigating complex social realities with integrity and compassion. In conclusion, Christian Education, when grounded in strong theological and pedagogical foundations, has the transformative potential to shape a generation of students who are not only academically competent but also morally upright and spiritually mature

Several titles of poems related to meditation by Heri Isnaini are exciting works to study, especially on the physical and inner elements of the poem. The inner elements are interrelated with the intrinsic elements contained in the poem, such as theme, feeling, tone, atmosphere, and the message to be conveyed. In contrast, the physical elements refer to the visual and auditory aspects of the poem, such as word choice, imagery, language style, typography, concrete language, and rhyme. This paper uses the literature study research method, namely by collecting data by reviewing books, as well as various reports related to the problem to be solved. This research aims to describe and examine the physical and mental elements, as well as understand the relationship between the two elements in building overall meaning in the poems “Meditation 1”, “Meditation 2”, “Time Meditation”, and “Rain Meditation” by Heri Isnaini. The results of this study show that the physical and mental elements in poetry have a complementary relationship in expressing a deep message, thus producing a complete meaning and touching emotionally and intellectually.

The aim of this study is to identify the factors that cause learning difficulties among students in biology lessons in class XI at SMA Negeri 2 Tondano during the 2024/2025 academic year. The identified issues include students having difficulty understanding the material taught, lacking focus during lessons, ineffective teaching strategies, and low student motivation. This research uses a descriptive approach with a qualitative design, where data was collected through interviews and documentation. The study was conducted from November 6 to November 28, 2024, with 18 class XI students as the subjects. Interviews were conducted using 100 prepared questions. Data analysis was performed descriptively with percentage calculations. The results indicate that internal and external factors influence the factors causing learning difficulties in biology lessons for class XI students. Internal factors include interest (26.5%), motivation (35.9%), physical health (38.3%), intellectual ability (28.6%), attitude (43.4%), learning attention (32.3%), learning readiness (48.9%), talent (42.5%), physical condition (25.3%), and emotional factors (32.5%), all of which are categorized as low. External factors include family environment (48.9%), school environment (45.6%), interaction with teachers (42.7%), interaction with peers (35.4%), facilities and infrastructure (54.6%), technology and learning media (63.6%), curriculum (65.4%), learning environment at home (52.3%), family economic conditions (56.7%), and school education policies (43.5%), with most of these external factors showing a low to moderate category. This study concludes that class XI students at SMA Negeri 2 Tondano experience the most significant learning difficulties related to external factors, such as the curriculum, and internal factors, such as students' learning readiness.

Indonesia has a grand vision to realize the Golden Generation 2045, a generation excelling in intellect, skills, and character by the centennial celebration of its independence. However, globalization and technological advancements in the Society 5.0 era have triggered character degradation, posing a significant challenge. This study aims to analyze the main challenges, the impacts of character degradation, and formulate strategies to build a generation with strong character. A qualitative descriptive-analytical research method was employed, collecting primary data through observations, and secondary data from literature studies. The results indicate that key factors driving character degradation include the influence of foreign cultures, technology misuse, and individualism due to digitalization. The impacts manifest in declining religiosity, nationalism, and rising consumerism and hoaxes. Proposed strategies involve integrating Pancasila-based character education into curricula, optimizing the roles of families and communities, leveraging technology positively, and strengthening digital literacy and local cultural awareness. In conclusion, holistic efforts through collaboration among formal education, family environments, and national value-based policies are essential to nurture a globally competitive generation while preserving cultural identity.

This study aims to examine the influence of intellectual capital consisting of (human capital, structural capital and relational capital) on the timeliness of financial reporting of banks in Indonesia. The sample in this study was 42 banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data analysis method in this study used the STATA application. The results of this study indicate that human capital (HCE) has a positive effect on the timeliness of financial reporting, while structural capital (SCE) and relational capital (RCE) do not affect the timeliness of financial reporting.

Ahlussunnah Wal Jama’ah (Aswaja) is an Islamic doctrine based on the Qur’an, Hadith, and the understanding of the companions and early scholars. This study aims to examine the Qur’anic and Hadith-based evidence that legitimizes Aswaja and its relevance to Islamic education. The research employs a literature review method, analyzing primary sources such as classical and contemporary tafsir books, major Hadith collections (Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan Tirmidhi), and scholarly works by figures like Imam Ash’ari and Al-Ghazali. The findings indicate that Qur’anic verses, such as Surah Al-An’am (6:153) and Surah Ali Imran (3:103), emphasize the importance of adhering to the straight path, which is a central tenet of Aswaja. Furthermore, the Hadith on the division of the Muslim ummah into 73 sects supports Aswaja’s position as al-firqah an-najiyah (the saved sect). These sources provide textual legitimacy to the doctrine of Aswaja, affirming its central role in preserving Islamic unity. The implications for Islamic education are significant, including the integration of Aswaja values into curricula, the promotion of a moderate and balanced understanding of Islam, and the strengthening of faith based on authentic textual evidence. By incorporating Aswaja principles, educators can foster an environment that prioritizes tolerance, inclusivity, and intellectual engagement within Islamic educational settings. This study contributes to reinforcing a moderate and tolerant Islamic approach, promoting a harmonious balance between tradition and modernity in educational contexts.

Attachment is a form of mutually beneficial emotional relationship between mother and baby. There is poor attachment caused by inappropriate parenting patterns from parents. Good parenting patterns can stimulate spiritual, intellectual, emotional, moral, and social development, so that infant growth can run optimally. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal attachment and infant growth and development in the work area of the Cabean Village Health Center. This study is quantitative, with a descriptive analysis approach and using a cross-sectional method. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires. There were 139 respondents taken using the total sampling method. The analysis used was the Gamma test. From the analysis of respondent data, it was found that there were an average of 85 male babies. The majority of mothers' ages were in the range of 26-35 years with a percentage of 56.8%, and multiparity parity reached 61.9%. Most of them had education up to junior high school level as much as 42.4%, and most worked as housewives with a percentage of 66.2%. The results of the gamma test showed that there was a relationship between maternal attachment and infant growth and development, where maternal attachment to infant growth had a p-value (BB = 0.000, PB = 0.001), while attachment to infant development showed a p-value (0.000) with (OR = 0.555 and 0.613 CI = 0.726). This means that there is a significant relationship between maternal attachment and infant growth and development in the work area of the Cabean Village Health Center (p-value <0.05).

The increase in phishing crimes during the COVID-19 pandemic has been influenced by various factors, including weak social control, lack of cybersecurity education, and technological disparities. This study aims to analyze the rise of phishing crimes from a criminological perspective, focusing on Social Control Theory and Differential Association Theory. Using a qualitative approach, this research examines how phishing offenders learn and operate within social groups. The findings indicate that phishing is not only motivated by financial gain but also intellectual satisfaction and organized criminal activities. Moreover, regulatory challenges persist, as existing laws such as the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE) face enforcement limitations due to gaps in law enforcement capabilities. Strengthening cybersecurity awareness, enhancing digital literacy, and improving legal frameworks are crucial to mitigating phishing crimes. Future research should explore quantitative analyses of phishing trends and the effectiveness of policies in addressing cybercrime.

The objectives of this study formulated in the formulation of the problem are as follows: (1) To analyze the influence of leadership style partially on the performance of administrators and fulltimers of UPZ Baznas sub-districts in Banyuwangi Regency; To analyze the influence of intellectual intelligence partially on the performance of administrators and fulltimers of UPZ Baznas sub-districts in Banyuwangi Regency; (3) To analyze the influence of organizational culture partially on the performance of administrators and fulltimers of UPZ Baznas sub-districts in Banyuwangi Regency; (4) To analyze the influence of leadership style, intellectual intelligence and organizational culture simultaneously on the performance of administrators and fulltimers of UPZ Baznas sub-districts in Banyuwangi Regency. This study uses the method used is to use a quantitative approach with a questionnaire data collection technique distributed to respondents. The data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression analysis techniques assisted by the SPSS program. The results of the study obtained include: (1) leadership style partially has a significant effect on the performance of administrators and fulltimers of UPZ Baznas sub-districts in Banyuwangi Regency; (2) intellectual intelligence partially has a significant effect on the performance of managers and full-timers of UPZ Baznas sub-districts in Banyuwangi Regency; (3) organizational culture partially has a significant effect on the performance of managers and full-timers of UPZ Baznas sub-districts in Banyuwangi Regency; (4) leadership style, intellectual intelligence and organizational culture have an effect on the performance of managers and full-timers of UPZ Baznas sub-districts in Banyuwangi Regency. A good leadership style, having high intellectual intelligence and a comfortable organizational culture can also improve performance.

The current study aims to determine the role of strategic foresight through its dimensions (environmental scanning capabilities, strategic choice capabilities, integration capabilities) in achieving the pioneering social orientation through its dimensions (adopting social risks, social proactivity, and social relations). This is because the research problem was represented by a number of questions that were designed to identify the intellectual frameworks of its variables, diagnose the level of interest in them in the field, and identify the appropriate procedures. The organization's main method for collecting information about the field component of the study was a questionnaire form, and the sample size was 149. By examining the link between these variables, two primary hypotheses were established, from which a number of subhypotheses were derived to gauge the degree of association and influence. With the help of (university leaders) in the subject, private universities in the Middle Euphrates region were selected for the study and testing of its theories. SPSS.V.29 The study came to a number of recommendations. Several results were reached with the program (Amos.V.26), but the most important one is that strategic foresight has a link of association and effect Moral in the social entrepreneurial orientation.

This research seeks to find an approach between modern trends in management accounting and cost reduction. The research problem was represented by a number of questions with the aim of identifying the intellectual and applied frameworks of its variables, and then diagnosing the level of interest in it in the field, as well as identifying the appropriate procedures by the company. Three main hypotheses were developed to measure the level of correlation and influence between the research variables. The research was conducted in Al-Enjaz Juice Manufacturing Company as a field for research and testing its hypotheses. The target cost method, the cost method based on activities, and the balanced scorecard method were adopted. The research used many statistical methods in the analysis, such as standard deviations, arithmetic averages, with the help of statistical programs (SPSS.var.29). A set of results was reached, the most important of which is the existence of a correlation relationship and the influence of modern management accounting applications in reducing costs