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This study aims to explore students' experiences, reflections, and perceptions of innovative learning in drama studies through digital performance. This qualitative descriptive research utilized a case study approach with 36 students enrolled in the Drama Studies course (2025/2026) within the Indonesian Language and Literature Education program at Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang. Primary data consisted of students' written reflections and digital performance artifacts, supported by secondary data from literature on constructivism, dual coding/multisensory theory, and emotional intelligence, as well as curriculum documents. Data collection involved documentation, participatory observation, and semi-structured interviews. Data analysis employed thematic analysis through systematic steps including reading, coding, categorization, interpretation, and presentation. Data validity was ensured through source triangulation, member checking, and peer debriefing. The findings indicate that digital performance provides positive learning experiences, strengthens the integration of theory and practice, fosters problem-solving skills, and develops collaboration, empathy, and students' emotional intelligence. These results affirm that digital performance-based drama learning is a pedagogical innovation relevant to 21st-century competencies and can serve as a model for project-based curriculum development in literature education.

The implementation of the Independent Curriculum in the Indonesian education system is a strategic step towards realizing relevant, meaningful learning that is oriented towards character building for students. This curriculum not only emphasizes academic achievement but also prioritizes holistic human development through an approach aligned with the principles of educational humanism. Educational humanism views students as learning subjects with potential, dignity, and uniqueness that must be respected in every educational process. Through student-centered learning, the Independent Curriculum presents differentiated, contextual, dialogical learning practices, as well as formative and authentic assessments that support the development of positive student character. The implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) is a concrete manifestation of the integration of humanistic values ​​in learning, which encourages the growth of empathy, mutual cooperation, responsibility, tolerance, and social awareness. Furthermore, the philosophical reconstruction of student-centered learning shifts the educational paradigm from a mechanistic approach to a humanistic-constructivist approach that emphasizes meaningful learning experiences and self-actualization. The role of teachers has transformed into facilitators and learning companions who build dialogic relationships and inclusive learning environments. Thus, the Independent Curriculum, based on educational humanism, contributes significantly to shaping students' character, making them independent, possessing integrity, adaptable, and ready to face the challenges of 21st-century education.  

Tanjungpinang City has been the capital of Riau Islands Province since 2002 based on Law Number 5 of 2001 concerning the Establishment of Tanjungpinang City, which also became the basis for the establishment of Riau Islands Province in 2002 through Law Number 25 of 2002 concerning the Establishment of Riau Islands Province. Tanjungpinang City has a very strategic location for tourism, as evidenced by the large number of foreign tourists visiting the city. However, infrastructure in Tanjungpinang City at that time seemed to be stagnant, unable to be developed further due to the lack of efforts from the local government. Responding to this phenomenon, the Riau Islands Provincial Government, through the Office of Public Works, Spatial Planning and Land (DPUPP), has stepped in as the government agency responsible for sustainable infrastructure development in the construction and planning of the Gurindam Dua Belas Area. This development and planning will involve all relevant sectors, especially agencies/OPDs that will work together in an integrated manner, as well as the involvement of the community and the private sector as investors in this area. This study aims to describe and analyze the role of the Riau Islands Provincial Public Works, Spatial Planning and Land Agency in Infrastructure Development in the Provincial Capital. The research method used was qualitative research with data collection techniques in the form of literature studies, interviews, and observations.

The revitalization of the Rukun Masyarakat (Parukmas) Market through innovative Instagrammable photo spots is a strategic effort to develop the potential for creative tourism in Yosodadi Village, Metro Timur District. The market, which previously served only as a center of local economic activity, is being revitalized into a public space-based tourist destination that is aesthetic, educational, and attractive. This transformation aims to create a new experience for visitors by presenting an engaging, thematic visual design that aligns with social media trends, particularly Instagram. This research aims to design and implement Instagrammable photo spots that can enhance the appeal of Parukmas Market and evaluate their impact on increasing visitor numbers and empowering the surrounding community economically. The research method used is participatory, involving the community, vendors, and local stakeholders in the planning, design, and construction of the facility. Evaluation is conducted through direct observation of market activities and visitor satisfaction surveys to assess responses and perceived benefits. The expected outcome of this activity is the creation of a creative space that can enhance social interaction, strengthen local identity, attract tourists, and open new business opportunities for the community, thereby strengthening the local economy and increasing vendor income.

The rapid development of digital streaming platforms such as Netflix has generated a large volume of content data with diverse characteristics, thereby requiring effective analytical methods to understand emerging patterns and trends. This study aims to classify Netflix content into two main categories, namely movies and television shows, and to analyze genre trends and content characteristics using a data mining approach with the Naive Bayes algorithm. The dataset used in this study is the Netflix Shows dataset, consisting of 8,809 content entries, with the primary features analyzed including genre, rating, and country of production. The research process begins with data exploration and preprocessing stages, including data cleaning, handling missing values, and transforming categorical features to enable effective model construction. Subsequently, the dataset is divided into training and testing sets to objectively and systematically build and evaluate the Naive Bayes classification model. Model performance is evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics to assess the model’s ability to accurately distinguish between Netflix content types. The experimental results demonstrate that the Naive Bayes algorithm is able to classify Netflix content into Movie and TV Show categories with accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score values of 100%, respectively. The confusion matrix indicates that no misclassification occurred, suggesting that genre, rating, and country of production features provide a very clear separation between content classes. These findings indicate that the Naive Bayes algorithm can achieve exceptionally high classification performance with optimal evaluation results. The results further reveal distinct differences in characteristics between movies and television shows based on genre and production attributes. Therefore, this study is expected to contribute to the development of content recommendation systems and strategic content management within the streaming industry.

In the contemporary digital marketplace, consumers increasingly face diverse product choices and brand communications. Understanding the mechanisms through which product quality and brand perception influence customer loyalty remains critical for competitive advantage. The mediating role of customer trust in this relationship has received limited empirical attention within Indonesian market contexts. This research analyzes the direct and indirect effects of product quality and brand perception on customer loyalty, with customer trust as a mediating variable, using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) methodology on 103 respondents. A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was employed, collecting data via Likert-scale questionnaires (1-5) with 15 measurement items across four latent constructs: Product Quality (5 items), Brand Perception (4 items), Customer Trust (3 items), and Customer Loyalty (3 items). Data analysis utilized PLS-SEM via SmartPLS 3.0, including assessment of measurement model validity (outer model), structural relationships (inner model), and mediation effects through bootstrapping (5000 iterations). The outer model demonstrated adequate validity with 12 of 15 indicators loading above 0.7, and all constructs meeting composite reliability (CR > 0.7) and average variance extracted (AVE > 0.5) criteria. The inner model revealed that product quality significantly influenced customer trust (β = 0.624, p < 0.001), while brand perception showed no significant direct effect (β = 0.045, p = 0.767). Customer trust strongly predicted loyalty (β = 0.650, p < 0.001). Product quality demonstrated a significant indirect effect on loyalty through trust (β = 0.405, p < 0.001), indicating full mediation. The model explained 43.5% of trust variance and 42.2% of loyalty variance. Product quality emerged as the dominant antecedent of customer trust and loyalty, while brand perception did not significantly contribute. Trust served as the critical mechanism translating quality into loyalty. These findings suggest that companies should prioritize quality assurance and consistent delivery over brand marketing campaigns for sustainable loyalty development. The research contributes to mediation theory in consumer behavior and provides actionable strategic guidance for practitioners in emerging markets.

This study is a scholarly work by a student of the Early Childhood Education Teacher Education Program, Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, supervised by Dra. Rapi Us. Djuko as the first advisor and Mr. Nunung Suryana Jamin, SE, M.Si as the second advisor. The objective of this research is to provide a comprehensive overview of foreign language development achievements among early childhood learners in Group B at TK Nurul Ilmih. The study adopts a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation as data collection methods. A total of 22 children participated as the primary subjects and were actively involved throughout the observation process. The research focused on several linguistic aspects, including language comprehension, verbal expression, basic vocabulary usage, pronunciation ability, and children's responses to bilingual instructions (in both Indonesian and English). The findings indicate that the children’s foreign language development falls within the "developing as expected" category, although it has not yet reached an optimal level. Some children still encounter difficulties in pronouncing English vocabulary, constructing simple sentences, and understanding verbal commands. Several factors influence the progress of their language development, including family background, parenting style, the intensity of teacher-provided stimulation, and habitual exposure to foreign languages in daily school activities. The study concludes that consistent, engaging, and developmentally appropriate stimulation from both teachers and parents plays a crucial role in fostering bilingual proficiency in early childhood.

This study examines the role of mathematics learning in improving logical thinking skills in early childhood. The background of this study is based on the importance of logical thinking skills as a foundation for children's cognitive development, which can begin at an early age through appropriate mathematics learning. The purpose of this study is to analyze how mathematics learning can stimulate the development of logical thinking in early childhood and explore effective learning strategies. The methods used are library research and observation of several models of mathematics learning for early childhood in early childhood education institutions. The findings indicate that fun and concrete activity-based mathematics learning can improve children's abilities in critical thinking, constructing patterns, drawing conclusions, and solving simple problems. The implications of this study emphasize the need for the application of creative and interactive mathematics learning methods to support the development of logical thinking from an early age, while also encouraging educators to integrate mathematics into children's daily activities. This study also recommends the development of learning media appropriate to children's developmental stages for optimal results.

This study explores how Generation Z constructs work values and meaning in modern organizations shaped by digitalization and social transformation. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach under a social constructivist paradigm, the research investigates the lived experiences of young professionals in the digital, creative, and startup sectors. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and non-participant observation and analyzed using thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006; Moustakas, 1994). Findings show that Generation Z defines work through three interrelated dimensions: (1) intrinsic motivation grounded in personal purpose and self-expression, (2) redefined productivity emphasizing creativity and emotional balance rather than quantitative output, and (3) job satisfaction derived from inclusive culture and adaptive leadership. These results support Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000) and Social Constructionism (Berger & Luckmann, 1966), showing that work meaning is socially constructed rather than objectively given. Overall, the study concludes that for Generation Z, work represents not merely economic activity but a medium for identity, contribution, and personal growth, urging organizations to embrace meaning-centered and value-driven leadership to enhance engagement and fulfillment.

This study discusses the epistemological foundations of modern management science in the context of increasingly dynamic scientific and technological developmentsthat require organisations to adapt tothe complexity of environmental changes. This study aims to explainhow the epistemology of science shapes the structure of managerial knowledge,influences how organisations understand reality, and determines the effectiveness ofdecision-making in dealing with contemporary issues. The researchuses a qualitative method based on conceptual literature studies withthematic content analysis to examine philosophical works, management theories,and relevant previous research. The findings show that the epistemology of science plays an important role in developing amore reflective, adaptive, and contextual management framework. The integration of empiricism,rationalism, and constructivism enriches the way organisations buildknowledge, interpret social dynamics, and formulate strategies that are responsiveto uncertainty. Furthermore, the research found that the dominance of the positivistic paradigm in management studies has led to limitationsin capturing the moral, social, and interpretative dimensions inherent inorganisational practices, thus necessitating a more pluralistic and inclusive epistemological approach. The implications of the research emphasise the importance of strengthening scientific attitudes, utilising expert judgement, and the role of creativity and imaginationin generating managerial innovation. This study recommends thedevelopment of a management curriculum that incorporates epistemological perspectives and theestablishment of an organisational knowledge system that combinesevidence-based practices and practical wisdom. A more integrative epistemological approachis believed to be capable of increasing the relevance of management science and providing a strategic contributionto organisations in facing the challenges of the modern era.

This study aims to understand how accounting functions as a social construction in shaping the meaning of transparency and responsibility in the modern business world. Accounting has long been viewed as a technical, neutral, and objective system; however, both financial and non-financial reporting practices also reflect the values, ideologies, and moral consciousness embedded within organizations. Using a qualitative interpretive approach within the framework of social constructivism (Berger & Luckmann, 1966), this study explores the meanings constructed by accounting practitioners through social interactions, organizational culture, and reporting policies. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document analysis of corporate reports, and were analyzed using interpretative thematic analysis. The results reveal that transparency and responsibility are not merely formal obligations but the outcomes of social processes involving the externalization of values by leaders, the objectivation of those values through reporting systems, and their internalization within individual moral awareness. In this context, accounting functions as a social language that reflects organizational morality, legitimacy, and identity. Organizations with participatory and reflective cultures are found to develop more authentic transparency, while bureaucratic structures tend to produce symbolic transparency. Theoretically, this study contributes to the discourse of critical accounting by asserting that accounting numbers and reports are socially constructed artifacts imbued with values. Practically, the findings highlight the importance of ethical leadership, reflective culture, and social dialogue as foundational elements for implementing authentic transparency and sustainable corporate responsibility.

The phenomenon occurring in society regarding deeds of sale and purchase drawn up by land deed officials that contain material defects is certainly contrary to what is stipulated by law. Thus, the research questions are: What are the legal consequences of a material defect in a Deed of Sale and Purchase drawn up by a Land Deed Official? and How does a material defect in a Deed of Sale and Purchase drawn up by a Land Deed Official arise? In this study, the researcher uses Otto Jan Michael's theory of legal certainty and R. Soeroso's theory of legal consequences. The research method used in this study is normative juridical research janis, namely legal research with literature studies. The research approaches used are legislation, conceptual approach, analytical approach and case approach. The technique of collecting legal materials is by identifying and inventorying positive legal rules. Literature, journals and other sources of legal materials. For the analysis technique of legal materials, it is carried out by grammatical interpretation, systematic interpretation, analogy construction and legal refinement construction. The results of this study found the conclusion that the legal consequences of the sale and purchase deed being carried out unilaterally made before PPAT caused the sale and purchase deed to not have legal certainty. Although the sale and purchase deed was made formally by and before PPAT, the legal action contained a material defect, and was canceled by the court, there was also a legal relationship between the legal subjects, the cancellation showed legal certainty, but gave birth to a lawsuit due to unlawful acts, and the legal certainty of the sale and purchase deed made by PPAT contained material defects making PPAT not have binding legal force which resulted in unilateral The sale of land must be done by mutual agreement or known to both parties, in addition to having no legal force, the deed is canceled by the court. Thus, the cancellation of the sale and purchase deed contains a material defect in the court, providing legal certainty for matters that are not in accordance with the applicable provisions of the law.

Customer satisfaction has become a major focus in the development of modern services as the role of the service sector in the regional economy increases, including in the city of Balikpapan. However, the literature discussing customer satisfaction models shows conceptual and methodological fragmentation, requiring a systematic synthesis to identify theoretical patterns and current research developments. This study aims to map customer satisfaction models in the service industry through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach using the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 20 articles selected from the last five years were analyzed to identify dominant constructs, methodological approaches, and relevant research trends. The review results show that customer satisfaction models have evolved from traditional service quality-based approaches to models that integrate customer experience, perceived value, trust, and digital dimensions such as personalization and AI-based services. The findings also emphasize the importance of local context, especially in the service sector in Balikpapan, where cultural factors, customer behavior, and the dynamics of city growth influence the structure of satisfaction models. Overall, this study provides a synthesis framework that can be used as a theoretical and practical foundation for designing service quality improvement strategies and developing a further research agenda in the service sector.

This study examines Japanese advertising and product-information texts on Shiseido Japan’s official website (www.brand.shiseido.co.jp) that grammatically prevent readers from construing statements as universal claims (“always” or “true for everyone”). It addresses two problems: how universal readings are blocked through grammatical construction in this register, and how the main blocking mechanisms differ in limiting generalisation and managing scope. The data consist of sentence-level usage, precautionary, and quality-related statements that plausibly invite broad general interpretations. Seven analytically representative tokens are used as illustrative evidence, covering wake-negation, baai-based case framing, and event/occasion packaging with V-ru koto ga aru, including rare-event calibration with mare ni and layered conditional framing. The study employs qualitative, theory-driven grammatical analysis focusing on clause structure, embedding, nominalisation, connective relations, and the compositional contribution of key markers. The results identify recurring templates with distinct structural signatures. Wake-negation blocks over-strong uptake by denying a candidate inference (…to iu wake de wa arimasen). Case framing with baai shifts categorical commitments into situation-restricted possibility (…baai ga arimasu), including complex variants that add causal linkage, avoidance marking, and directive closure. Event/occasion packaging with koto plus existential predication (…koto ga arimasu) presents anomalies as contingent occurrences, and it can be triggered by causal conditions (e.g., temperature change) or conditional frames (…to). Rare-event marking with mare ni further calibrates frequency and often co-occurs with contrastive reassurance about quality. Overall, universal-blocking emerges as a set of non-redundant grammatical routes that constrain inference, situational domain, and event profiling in a compact public informational genre.

This study aims to examine business models in the gypsum sector by utilizing the Business Model Canvas (BMC) framework. The gypsum business is one of the fields that is growing rapidly in line with the increasing need for residential construction, building renovation, and aesthetic and functional interior design. However, to be able to survive and compete in an increasingly competitive market, gypsum business actors are required to have a business model that is structured, adaptive, and value-oriented for customers. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type of research. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews and direct observation of Nury Gipsum's business located in Klaten Regency. The results show that all nine elements in the Business Model Canvas, namely key partners, key activities, key resources, value offerings, customer relationships, distribution channels, customer segments, cost structure, and revenue streams, have been optimally implemented. Thus, the Business Model Canvas has proven to be effective in providing a comprehensive overview of business operations and can be a strategic basis for decision-making and gypsum business development in the future.

Ontology is the philosophical foundation that determines the way reality is understood in the development of science. Differences in ontological assumptions will have implications for the way science is constructed, developed, and interpreted. This article aims to philosophically analyze the ontology of science in Western and Islamic perspectives by highlighting its fundamental similarities and differences. This study uses a qualitative approach based on literature studies with descriptive-analytical and comparative methods. The results show that the ontology of Western science tends to emphasize empirical and rational reality as the main object of science, while the ontology of Islamic science is based on the principle of monotheism which looks at reality holistically, including physical and metaphysical dimensions. Although paradigmatically different, the two perspectives have a common point in the recognition of the order of nature and the role of reason in understanding reality. This article affirms the importance of ontological dialogue between the West and Islam in formulating a scientific paradigm that is not only technically advanced, but also philosophically and ethically meaningful.

The homicide arising from the victim’s refusal to terminate her pregnancy presents a crucial issue regarding how the element of intent is constructed within Indonesian criminal law. This study originates from the need to examine the extent to which the offender’s motive triggered by anger after the victim declined his request for an abortion may influence the classification of dolus in the act of killing. The objective of this research is to describe the characteristics of intent in the perpetrator’s actions, determine whether the incident meets the criteria of dolus directus, dolus indirectus, or dolus eventualis, and assess the role of motive in shaping criminal liability. The method employed is normative legal research using a case approach and a statute approach, supported by the analysis of comparable court decisions and criminal law doctrines concerning the element of intent. The research findings indicate that the perpetrator’s deliberate assault on the victim after she rejected the request to terminate the pregnancy can be categorized as dolus directus, as he both realized and desired the lethal outcome of his conduct as an expression of anger. The motive related to the refusal of pregnancy responsibility does not negate intent; rather, it merely serves as a trigger for the criminal act. Thus, the element of intent in this case can be firmly constructed through an assessment of the perpetrator’s will, awareness, and conduct, thereby ensuring the accurate application of homicide provisions and providing legal certainty regarding the limits of criminal liability in pregnancy-related conflicts.

This study aims to analyze the factors affecting real wages of construction workers across provinces in Indonesia from 2010 to 2023 using panel data analysis. The independent variables include Provincial Minimum Wage (UMP), Consumer Price Index (CPI), Open Unemployment Rate (TPT), and Performance Pay (Balas Jasa). A panel dataset of 476 observations from 34 provinces over 14 years was analyzed using three model approaches: Common Effect Model (CEM), Fixed Effect Model (FEM), and Random Effect Model (REM). The best model was determined through Chow Test, Hausman Test, and Lagrange Multiplier Test, which confirmed that the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) is the most appropriate for analyzing this research data. FEM estimation results show that simultneously, all independent variables (UMP, CPI, TPT, and Performance Pay) have a significant effect on real wages with an F-statistic value of 436,465.9 (p-value = 0.0000 < 0.05), indicating that the model as a whole is highly valid and capable of explaining the variation in real wages collectively. However, partial tests reveal that only the Real Wage variable has a positive and statistically significant effect on Performance Pay (coefficient = 106.3320; t-statistic = 1276.083; p-value = 0.0000), while UMP (p-value = 0.1472), CPI (p-value = 0.6460), and TPT (p-value = 0.6934) show no significant effects at the 5% significance level. The research model demonstrates very high predictive ability with an R-squared value of 0.999735 (99.97%), indicating that the variables studied can explain nearly all variation in real wages of construction workers at the provincial level. This research provides policy implications that improving real wages in the construction sector requires an integrated approach that focuses not only on minimum wage setting but also on regional inflation control, human capital quality improvement, and creating conducive labor market conditions through unemployment reduction

This study aims to analyze the management process of the Cargo Ship Safety Construction Certificate by PT. Putra Andalas Samudera at the Port Authority and Harbormaster Office (KSOP) Class I Dumai. This certificate is a vital document to ensure ship seaworthiness in accordance with the standards of the Directorate General of Sea Transportation. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through field observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies during the internship period. The results indicate that the management procedure is currently conducted digitally through the Shipping and Seafarers Information System (SIMKAPEL). Although the system aims for efficiency, several main obstacles were found, namely: data entry errors by staff, excessive digital document file sizes that hinder system verification, and internet network instability causing disruptions to the central server. Optimization efforts carried out by the company include increasing the accuracy of document validation before uploading and strengthening coordination between the agent, ship owner, and KSOP authorities. This study concludes that optimal certificate management is crucial to prevent financial losses due to ship operational delays and to ensure the safety of the crew and cargo.

Natural fibers continue to attract the interest of researchers to develop them as composite reinforcements in automotive and non-construction building interior applications. Basically, natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites are not suitable for applications exposed to heat. Investigating changes in mechanical properties due to temperature increases, this research is very important to conduct. The addition of filler (CaCO3) is known to improve the performance of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites. This study investigates the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of polyester composites reinforced with waru fibers with CaCO3 powder filler. The composites were fabricated using the hand lay-up method with a volume fraction of 30% waru fibers and CaCO3 powder with a volume fraction of 0-10%. The density of the polyester composite increased from 1.42 to 1.68 and 1.87 g/cm3 as the volume fraction CaCO3 0-10%. The results of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) testing of the polyester composite showed that parameters such as loss modulus, storage modulus, and tan delta also increased with increasing CaCO3 content. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) testing also showed increased thermal resistance after the addition of 5% (wt) (STL) and 10% (wt) (ZMB) with a residual combustion of 6.54% and 7.89% for each STL and ZMB composite, respectively. Compared to the TKO composite, it had the lowest combustion residue of 3.61%. Tensile strength and elastic modulus showed the same trend, namely an increase, while the elongation of the composite decreased with the addition of CaCO3 powder. The overall test results showed that polyester composites reinforced with CWf fibers and CaCO3 fillers were suitable for automotive and building interior applications.