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Dessert as a dessert, which is part of culinary in various cultures. Dessert is not only a dessert, but also reflects creativity and innovation in the culinary field. This study aims to analyze the comparative level of adding vannamei shrimp (Litopeaneus Vanname) to the cold dessert formulation on sensory properties (color, aroma, texture, and taste) and chemical composition (protein content and fat content). The study was conducted experimentally using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments of adding vannamei shrimp, namely 10% (A1), 20% (A2), and 30% (A3). The results of the organoleptic test showed that treatment A1 (10% shrimp addition) gave the best value on all sensory parameters, with an aroma value of 4.3 (like), taste 4.7 (like), texture 4.2 (like), and color 4.2 (like). Chemical analysis showed that treatment A1 produced a protein content of 4.21% and a fat content of 8.46%. The addition of vannamei shrimp to the cold dessert formulation is an attractive taste innovation for consumers. This study concludes that the addition of vannamei shrimp to cold dessert formulations can be an attractive alternative to improve the quality and nutritional value of products, as well as meet the growing needs of consumers.

This article examines the prohibition of gambling from the perspective of the Hadith narrated by Bukhari No. 5787 and its relevance to the practice of online gambling in the digital era. The study employs a qualitative approach with descriptive-analytical methods focusing on the analysis of hadith texts and Indonesian positive law, particularly Article 27 Paragraph (2) of Law No. 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE Law). The findings reveal that online gambling has destructive impacts on individual morality, family resilience, and the economic stability of society. Bukhari’s Hadith strictly forbids all forms of gambling, including invitations to gamble, and offers charity as an alternative act of purification. Although Indonesian positive law regulates online gambling prohibition, challenges remain in its effective enforcement. This article highlights the need for a synergistic approach between religious normative values and state law enforcement to address the phenomenon of online gambling comprehensively.  

To determine the effectiveness of using digital communication platforms on social relations among adolescents at SMK Negeri 2 Binjai is the aim of this study. Simple linear regression analysis is the method used. Simple linear regression analysis was conducted after the classical acceptance test. This is to first ensure that the model does not have problems with normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity. 30 young people from SMK Negeri 2 Binjai as the population in this study. Based on the results above, we can see that the coefficient of determination (R2) value is 0.60 or 60%. Therefore, this value means that the variables in the use of digital communication platforms have a 60% impact on social relationships, and the remaining 40% of other variables not discussed in this study are affected. To get meaning and satisfaction from digital communication, we can approach this means of interaction with intention and authenticity. Text messages are edited many times and sent to several friends to be edited before finally being sent to the recipient do not always fully represent our true feelings.

This study is a literature study that aims to analyze the practice of withholding and collecting Income Tax (PPh) Article 23 in the context of tax regulations in Indonesia. Data were obtained through a literature review of laws and regulations, tax textbooks, and relevant scientific journals. The results of the analysis indicate that although the provisions of PPh Article 23 have been regulated in detail, there is still the potential for differences in interpretation in practice, especially regarding the classification of tax objects and withholding rates. This study recommends increasing the socialization of regulations and simplifying tax administration in order to improve taxpayer compliance.

This study aims to philologically examine the Simalungun script manuscript containing the early history of Simalungun. This manuscript is one of the important sources in understanding the history, culture, and identity of the Simalungun people from a traditional perspective. This study uses a philological approach by implementing several stages, namely inventory, physical description of the manuscript, transliteration into Latin letters, translation into Indonesian, and content analysis. Through this method, the content of the text can be revealed in depth to reconstruct historical information and cultural values contained in the manuscript scientifically. This research is important to do considering that the existence of Simalungun script manuscripts is increasingly rare and has not received much special scientific attention. The results of the analysis show that the manuscript contains a narrative about the origins of the Simalungun people, including the story of ancestral migration, the formation of clan areas, traditional leadership systems, and cultural values that are passed down from generation to generation. In addition to being a historical document, this manuscript also reflects the identity and outlook on life of the Simalungun people in the past. Through this philological study, the manuscript was successfully reconstructed and interpreted scientifically so that it can become an important source in preserving culture and strengthening regional script literacy.  

This study aims to analyze the struggle of the main character in achieving superiority in the novel Adiba by Mairisa Elvia. This struggle is rooted in the feelings of inferiority experienced by the main character since childhood. Through the individual psychology approach of Alfred Adler and qualitative descriptive methods, this research reveals the forms of the character's struggle in responding to traumatic experiences, social pressures, and inner conflicts that affect the direction of her life. Data were collected from quotes of narration, dialogue, or actions of the characters in the novel that reflect the effort to overcome feelings of helplessness and achieve meaningful life goals. Data collection techniques were conducted through careful reading and systematic note-taking of relevant parts of the text. The data were analyzed using content analysis to unveil the meanings behind actions, dialogues, and narratives related to the dynamics of the character's struggle. The research results show that the struggle towards superiority is demonstrated through hard work, a never-give-up attitude, and a drive to be beneficial to others. The main character not only struggles to overcome personal weaknesses but also shows a transformation of personality through constructive and social achievements. This process reflects an individual's journey in shaping a lifestyle and ultimate goals as compensation for the feelings of inferiority they once experienced. This study concludes that the psychological aspects in literary works can provide a deeper understanding of the motivations and personality dynamics of the characters, as well as enrich literary analysis with an interdisciplinary approach.

This study aims to analyze the derivational affixes found in the Regina Caeli speech delivered by Pope Leo XIV. The main focus of the research is to identify the types of derivational affixes and determine their frequency, including both prefixes and suffixes. The research applies a mixed methods approach, combining both quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods. The quantitative aspect involves identifying and counting the types and frequency of derivational affixes found in Pope Leo XIV’s speech at Regina Caeli. The qualitative aspect focuses on analyzing the contextual meaning and function of those affixes within the speech. Data collection techniques include textual analysis.. Based on the analysis, a total of 13 types of derivational affixes were identified, consisting of one prefix and 12 suffixes. Furthermore, derivational affixes in this study are classified into four types: noun, verb, adjective, and adverb derivation. This study is expected to encourage English learners to understand and apply derivational affixes effectively, as doing so can significantly enrich vocabulary and enhance linguistic competence by recognizing root words and how new forms are created. This classification helps English learners expand vocabulary and understand how word forms are systematically built, thus enhancing their language skills.

Reducing product quality is one of the main challenges in the Tofu processing industry, especially in the Sumedang Bumi Armasta Tofu business which is small to medium-scale. The processing, which still maintains the traditional method without the help of technology, has been carried out for many years, but the processing that is still traditional has turned out to cause a dependence on expert employees which if not present will have a direct impact on the quality and quality of the Tofu products produced and the skills of new employees are not optimal in replacing the role of expert employees if they are unable to attend. This study aims to analyze employee development strategies in improving the quality of tofu products using the Fishbone (cause-and-effect) approach. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with data collection techniques through observation and interviews. The results of the analysis show that Human factors (HR) are the main cause of the decline in the quality and quality of Tofu products in Sumedang Tofu SMEs which can be seen from changes in texture, aroma, appearance, and size that are not suitable. Therefore, employee development strategies need to be carried out such as job training, assistance for new employees, and standardization of SOPs that are considered effective in improving the quality of Tofu products to remain consistent.

The tongue is a small part of the body that holds significant power to influence both individual life and community well-being. James 3:1–12 provides a firm warning about the dangers of an uncontrolled tongue, depicting it as a fire, a world of evil, and deadly poison. This study aims to examine the meaning of controlling the tongue as a responsibility of Christian spirituality through a literature review and exegetical-hermeneutical analysis of James 3:1–12. This qualitative research employs primary data from the biblical text (Indonesian Bible Society version and the Greek text) and secondary data from commentaries, Christian ethics books, and theological journals. The findings indicate that controlling the tongue is a sign of spiritual maturity and an essential aspect of Christian discipline that must be continuously cultivated. Disciplined speech reflects living faith and serves as a means to foster love, truth, and peace within the community. This study highlights the need for churches and believers to integrate ethical speech as a core part of their witness in the world.  

This study explores the challenges of evangelism in the modern era, particularly in reaching groups that are apathetic towards the gospel. Using 1 Corinthians 9:19-27 as its foundation, which highlights the importance of flexibility in evangelistic approaches to reach speople from various backgrounds, this research applies the Apostle Paul’s concept of adaptability to contemporary evangelism among apathetic groups. Specifically, it examines how biblically-based adaptive strategies can be utilized by churches and individual Christians in their evangelistic mission. The primary aim of this study is to analyze the application of the principle of flexibility in 1 Corinthians 9:19-27 for apathetic groups and to assess how this principle can enhance the effectiveness of evangelism in today’s context. Through this research, it is hoped that new, more relevant approaches for ministry in a diverse society will be identified. This study employs a qualitative method, using biblical text analysis and systematic theological reflection. Findings indicate that applying the principle of flexibility in evangelism is not only effective in addressing apathy, but also allows evangelists to build more personal and empathetic relationships with those they seek to reach. In Paul’s sense, flexibility involves adapting without compromising gospel truth, offering a pertinent strategy for meeting the challenges of evangelizing to apathetic individuals.  

This study aims to analyze the semiotic meanings and symbols used in the tradition of “Famazawa Ono Alawe Nihalö” in the traditional wedding ceremony of the Nias community in Afulu, North Nias. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with a semiotic approach by Charles Sanders Peirce, which views signs as representamen, object, and interpretation. Data collection techniques included literature review, field observation, and interviews with local figures from Afulu, North Nias. The data consisted of words, sentences, images, texts, and dialogues. The primary data sources were journals and an interview a cultural expert from Nias. The results of this study reveal that the symbols in the “Famazawa Ono Alawe Nihalö” tradition carry semiotic meanings that reflect respect for women, the sanctity of marriage, and the sociocultural structure of Nias society.

This study aims to develop an instructional medium in the form of a Webtoon-based digital comic entitled “Was machst du?”, adapted from the Netzwerk neu A2 textbook, to enhance German reading comprehension at the A2 level. The development model used is ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Validation was conducted by two experts one in content and one in media with validation scores of 91% and 92%, respectively, indicating that the comic is highly suitable for instructional use. A limited trial was carried out among students of the German Language Education Program at Universitas Negeri Medan. The results showed that the comic supported students’ reading comprehension, increased motivation, and reduced reliance on online translators. This study concludes that integrating official textbook content into digital comic formats published through popular platforms such as Webtoon represents an effective and relevant innovation for digital-native learners.

This journal examines the Marxist feminist approach in literature, focusing on the character Jebris in the drama anthology “Mata yang Enak Dipandang,” which is an adaptation of Ahmad Tohari’s short stories. The study explores three main aspects: societal, economic, and political, to identify Jebris’ role and representation from a Marxist feminist perspective. The analysis aims to provide deeper insights into how Marxist feminist theory is reflected in the character of Jebris and its impact on the overall narrative of the adapted literary work. The research method involves textual and social context analysis to provide a profound interpretation of Jebris’ thoughts and role in reflecting relevant gender and social issues. The findings of this research contribute to understanding the relationship between Marxist feminist theory and literature, while offering critical perspectives on gender representation in adapted literary works.

This study aims to analyze the character of Alina Suhita in the novel Hati Suhita by Khilma Anis using the Marxist feminist theory approach. The main focus of this study is to reveal how the patriarchal system and social class structure influence the position and experiences of female characters in the novel. The study uses qualitative methods with text-based content analysis techniques and a hermeneutic approach to interpret the meaning contained in the narrative. The results of the analysis show that the character Suhita experiences three main forms of oppression: stereotypes, subordination, and marginalization. These three forms reflect how women in a patriarchal society are negatively constructed, positioned lower than men, and excluded from public spaces and decision-making. However, Suhita also shows resistance to dominant structures through her intelligence, education, and active role in the Islamic boarding school. In the context of Marxist feminism, Suhita is a representation of women who experience double exploitation both as women and as part of a marginalized social class but also have the potential to be agents of change. This study emphasizes that literature can be a medium for understanding power relations in society as well as a tool for criticizing ongoing gender and economic inequality.

This study analyzes the reinvention of heroism and gender identity in Disney's Mulan (1998), an animated adaptation of the Chinese mythology of Hua Mulan.  Mulan diverges from conventional storylines that exalt masculine power and martial prowess, focusing instead on themes of heroism, self-discovery, and the subversion of strict gender standards.  The film amplifies a female protagonist who defies cultural norms, critiquing traditional heroics and redefining greatness via resilience, intellect, and ethical purity.  This study utilizes qualitative textual analysis and Joseph Campbell’s Hero’s Journey framework to examine how Mulan subverts patriarchal tropes, establishing personal sincerity and inner power as the genuine criteria of heroism.  This study examines feminist and postcolonial critiques of classical storytelling, asserting that Mulan reinterprets old myth as a modern metaphor of empowerment, demonstrating how contemporary adaptations can reclaim traditional narratives to embody progressive ideas.  The video serves as a radical act of mythopoetic resistance, presenting an alternative conception of heroism that surpasses gender and cultural limitations.

The aim of this study is to develop an interactive learning medium using the Gimkit application to enhance students’ reading skills at the A1 level. The research follows the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The data were collected from the Netzwerk Neu A1 textbook, specifically Chapter 7 titled “Arbeitsalltag”. Four reading texts were developed into 32 multiple-choice questions and integrated into the Gimkit application. Validation by a content expert resulted in a score of 95.8, and validation by a media expert yielded a score of 90 both classified as “very good”. The findings show that the Gimkit application is a suitable learning medium to support A1-level reading comprehension by making the learning process more engaging, interactive, and motivating.

This study aims to examine the figurative meanings in the poem "Guru" by Muhammad Asqalani eNeSTe through a semantic approach. The poem portrays the struggle and dedication of a teacher who devotes themselves to serving in a remote area with deep love and sacrifice. This research adopts a qualitative method with content analysis techniques by conducting a document study of the poem's text. The analysis reveals that the poem is rich in figurative language, including metaphor, personification, hyperbole, metonymy, synecdoche, and simile. Each of these figures of speech is employed to depict the social, emotional, and spiritual conditions of the teacher and the environment in which they serve. The use of figurative meaning in the poem not only beautifies the language but also strengthens the moral messages, educational values, and appreciation of the teaching profession. By understanding these figurative meanings, readers can grasp deeper humanistic and simplicity values embedded in the realm of education.

This research was motivated by the results of observations, interviews, and tests conducted with 1th students at SDN Mojoroto 4. On the observations, it was found the teacher relied solely on the school’s textbook as a learning resource and used a lecture-based teaching method. There was a lack of innovation in instructional delivery, which led to students having limited vocabulary mastery and difficulty in constructing words. Interviews with some students revealed that they quickly became bored with the monotonous learning process. Therefore, a language game-based module was needed to address these issues. The objectives of this study are: (1) To determine the validity of module, (2) To determine the practicality of the module, and (3) To determine the effectiveness of the module. The development model used was ADDIE, which includes the following stages: (1) Analysis, (2) Design, (3) Development, (4) Implementation, and (5) Evaluation. The validity test results showed that the module expert gave a score of 92%, and the material expert gave a score of 80%. Practicality test results from teacher response questionnaires reached 94%, student responses in the limited trial reached 95%, and in the wider trial reached 92%. Effectiveness test results showed a classical percentage of 100% in both limited and wider trials. It can be concluded that the developed language game-based module is valid, practical, and effective.

This study aims to examine the figurative meanings in the poem "Guru" by Muhammad Asqalani eNeSTe through a semantic approach. The poem portrays the struggle and dedication of a teacher who devotes themselves to serving in a remote area with deep love and sacrifice. This research adopts a qualitative method with content analysis techniques by conducting a document study of the poem's text. The analysis reveals that the poem is rich in figurative language, including metaphor, personification, hyperbole, metonymy, synecdoche, and simile. Each of these figures of speech is employed to depict the social, emotional, and spiritual conditions of the teacher and the environment in which they serve. The use of figurative meaning in the poem not only beautifies the language but also strengthens the moral messages, educational values, and appreciation of the teaching profession. By understanding these figurative meanings, readers can grasp deeper humanistic and simplicity values embedded in the realm of education.

This study aims to identify and analyze forms of gender bias found in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) textbooks at the Senior High School (SMA) level. Using a qualitative approach with content analysis methods, grounded in a critical paradigm and gender perspective, this research found that gender representation in several teaching materials remains unequal. Gender bias in the textbooks is manifested through narratives that position men as dominant in the public sphere, while women are confined to domestic roles. The analyzed materials include topics such as pilgrimage requirements, covering the body and dressing, visiting graves, marriage guardians and witnesses, and family leadership. In these narratives, women are often portrayed as weak, in need of protection, or limited in their roles. This indicates that PAI textbooks continue to reproduce patriarchal values that may reinforce gender-based social inequalities in educational settings. The study recommends that teaching materials be revised to be more inclusive and aligned with gender equality principles as mandated by national education regulations. Thus, education can serve as a fair and equitable instrument for all students, regardless of gender.