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Kue cubit lumer is a traditional snack that is increasingly popular in Indonesia, especially among children and teenagers. This cake has a soft texture with a melting center. This study aims to optimize the production of kue cubit lumer using linear programming method with simplex analysis through Microsoft Excel Solver to determine the optimal production quantity of three variants: original, cheese, and chocolate. The calculation results show that the production of 2 pcs of original cubit cake, 4 pcs of cheese, and 4 pcs of chocolate will generate maximum profit of Rp124,000 per day. The simplex method proved effective in solving production optimization problems by maximizing the use of raw materials and increasing profitability. This study provides guidance for businesses to manage production efficiently to meet market demand and significantly increase profits. This study proves that the simplex method is effective in solving production optimization problems to achieve maximum profit.

UMKM are one form of micro, small, and medium enterprises that are formed because of someone's personal desire. UMKM actors must strive to increase competitive advantage, UMKM must increase adaptation to currently developing technology, increase the ability to use social media and digital marketing, increase product innovation, and expand the market are some of the right steps that are worthy of being taken by UMKM actors. This is worthy of being implemented in order to increase the selling value of UMKM, especially in order to be able to compete with foreign products that are increasingly flooding the national market, considering that UMKM are an economic sector that is able to reduce unemployment (Sudaryanto. 2011). UMKM through digital marketing development can help the community increase income so that they can follow the development of entrepreneurship. The method in implementing UMKM empowerment activities is carried out using observation, surveys, questionnaires, and interviews. The results of this empowerment are that this activity was attended by UMKM Cihil Food which has 10 members, socialization of social media and digital marketing through the creation of a special website for UMKM Cihil Food which is combined with Barcode (QR) innovation. Based on this activity, it was found that in improving the welfare of UMKM, what must be done is to make maximum use of technology, improve the community economy, and improve human resources.

An investigation was conducted at A State Senior High School in Kupang City, NTT.to assess how Project-Based Learning (PjBL) and Discovery Learning (DL) models differentially impact student learning activities and outcomes when teaching atomic structure. Adopting a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group, the study collected data through comprehensive activity questionnaires, observation sheets, and pretest/posttest instruments. The findings clearly showed that PjBL significantly boosted student learning activities, with an average score of 81.19, considerably higher than the 66.15 observed in the DL group. This significant difference was statistically confirmed by an independent samples t-test. Regarding learning outcomes, the PjBL group's average (70.97) was marginally better than the DL group's (68.89), but this difference did not reach statistical significance. It is suggested that limitations in learning time may have played a role in the learning outcomes. This study concludes that PjBL is superior for enhancing student engagement and activity, while both PjBL and DL are equally effective in improving student learning outcomes. Ultimately, the choice of a learning model should be strategically aligned with educational goals, subject matter, and the unique characteristics of the classroom to maximize student achievement.

This study aims to analyze the use of implications and patterns of violations and compliance with the principle of Grice's cooperation in Prabowo Subianto's political speech. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with data in the form of transcripts from the YouTube video "Closing of the Third Congress of the Nasdem Party" on August 25, 2024. Data collection was carried out using the free listening technique and the recording technique. The results of the study showed that in the political speech analyzed there were 39 implicit speeches, consisting of 16 conventional implicit speeches (41%) and 23 unconventional implicit speeches (59%). In addition, it was also found that S 37 maximum violations and 13 maximum compliance. The most dominant violations were the maximum quantity (43%), followed by the maximum quality (16%), the maximum relevance (22%), and the maximum method (19%). Meanwhile, compliance with the maxim occurred most in the maxim of quality (31%), followed by maxim of relevance (23%) and maxim of means (15%). These findings suggest that politicians often use communication strategies by providing exaggerated information, conveying implicit messages, or shifting the topic of conversation to shape an image and influence public opinion.

Settlement of the ground floor of stockpile is caused by ground pressure of coal pile which is bigger than stockpile floor bearing capacity leads to bury under of some coal. So it is needed to do a study of optimum capacity by stockpile floor bearing capacity. Study of stockpile optimum capacity is started by calculating Californian Bearing Ratio (CBR) of stockpile subgrade using dynamic cone penetrometer in some location on each of the stockpile compartment. CBR value of stockpile subgrade converted into bearing ratio, so the maximum tonage of stockpile can be known. By considerating of pile height, angle of repose of  low grade coal, monthly production target, and the road geometry for mechanical equipment access purpose, the optimum capacity of PT Putra Muba Coal stockpile is 198.549,95 ton, which divided into seven coal piles.    

Research Problems The coaching process and training programs at Sasana Djiwo Ketawang have been implemented but have not yet reached maximum achievement. Research Objectives: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of martial art training program at Sasana Djiwo Ketawang using the CIPP model, including: (1) context evaluation, (2) input evaluation, (3) process evaluation and (4) product evaluation. Methods: The research method used is descriptive quantitative using a questionnaire and descriptive qualitative conducted by interview and observation and documentation as supporting data. Results: The results of this evaluation research show an overall average score of 2.89 in the good category, with a context evaluation score of 3.10 in the good category, an input evaluation score of 2.99 in the good category, a process evaluation score of 3.38 in the very good category and a product evaluation score of 2.09 in the poor category. The context aspect is considered successful, but the input aspect needs improvement, especially in athlete resources with the main obstacle being the lack of government funding in fostering achievement training. The process aspect is quite good, but the implementation of training has not been maximized even though coaching and monitoring evaluation have been running. This causes pencak silat achievements in Sasana Djiwo Ketawang not to be able to compete at the regional and national levels. Conclusion: For the overall results of the evaluation, Sasana Djiwo Ketawang has been running well, however, regular evaluations are still needed to improve coaching performance, try out scheduling for athletes' match flying hours and a more varied and efficient training program on target.

Aging is a dominant risk factor for most forms of cardiovascular disease. Sedentary lifestyle in elderly with obesity can decrease the function of cardiovascular system. Previous study determined that moderate intensity aerobic exercise was highly recommended in elderly because the type of exercise can improve body fitness and oxidative damage due to aging. The aims of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate intensity aerobic exercise on NOx plasma level, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in sedentary elderly women with overweight. The research method is quasi experimental with pre test and post test design. The sample included 33 volunteer sedentary elderly women overweight with age 65,11±4,85 years old that divided on two group that is the experimental group (EG/ n=17) and control group (CG/ n=16). EG performed moderate intensity aerobic exercise (walking) during 30 min per session, intensity 50–80% heart rate maximum,  three times per week for 12 week. The examination of NOx plasma level by ELISA method and resting blood pressure by auscultation method. Data was processed by unpaired t-test. Experimental group had significantly lower level of SBP (-10,294 p 0,001) than CG. NOx plasma level showed significantly decreases in both group (p < 0,05), but the decreasing trend was found to be higher in the CG. DBP and body mass index (BMI) did not change (p >0,05). Moderate intensity aerobic exercise can delay the reduction of NO due to aging proceses.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of compost fertilizer and potassium chloride (KCl) fertilizer, as well as their interaction, on the growth and yield of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt). The experiment was conducted from May to August 2022 in Kuning Village, Bambel District, Southeast Aceh, using a factorial randomized block design with two factors: compost dosage (480 g/plot, 960 g/plot, 1,440 g/plot) and KCl dosage (20 g/plot, 40 g/plot, 60 g/plot), each replicated three times for a total of 27 plots. Observed parameters included plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, days to flowering, ear length, and ear weight per plot. Results indicated that compost and KCl fertilizers significantly affected plant height, leaf area, days to flowering, and ear length, but had no significant effect on stem diameter or ear weight per plot. The interaction between compost and KCl produced the highest plant height (165.89 cm) and ear length (21.69 cm) in treatment K3C1. The findings suggest that optimal fertilization using compost and KCl can enhance sweet corn productivity by improving vegetative growth and reproductive development. Nevertheless, the absence of significant effects on stem diameter and ear weight per plot indicates that nutrient balance, especially nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), remains crucial for maximizing yields. Therefore, integrating compost and KCl with complementary sources of macronutrients could promote more consistent outcomes. This research also highlights the role of organic matter in enriching soil fertility, maintaining soil structure, and supporting sustainable agriculture. The combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers demonstrates the potential for eco-friendly crop management practices that balance productivity with environmental responsibility. These results provide valuable insights for farmers, agronomists, and policymakers in developing efficient fertilization strategies for sweet corn cultivation within local conditions.

The purpose of this study is to ascertain the development and productivity of Odot grass in the presence of fermented cow dung. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) non-factorial research method consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications. An experiment was conducted using the parameters of odot grass plant height, number of odot grass leaves, fresh forage production, and dry forage production to ascertain the impact of feeding fermented cow feces on the growth of odot grass (Pennisetrum purpureum Cv.Mott) in order to yield the best results. When odot plants are treated according to the level of need, the best treatment is the provision of fermented cow feces fertilizer. This has a significant impact on the growth and productivity of odot grass, allowing it to produce maximum results in terms of plant height, number of leaves, fresh forage, and dry weight. 200 grams, one odot grass cutting, 100 milliliters of water, and a polybag with a 1:10:50 fermentation ratio.

Candikusuma Beach in Bali has experienced significant erosion since 2009, threatening public facilities, including a mosque in Candikusuma village. This issue is critical as it affects a coastal fishing community. To mitigate the erosion, a revetment structure using concrete block armor is proposed. This revetment aims to protect the coastal cliff from wave forces and prevent further erosion. The planning process begins with analyzing bathymetric and topographic data to assess land and sea conditions. Tidal analysis determines key water elevations, while wind data is used to calculate maximum and average wind speeds and directions. Wave hindcasting, based on wind data and effective fetch length, provides estimates of wave height and period. Shoreline changes are evaluated by comparing satellite imagery from 2003 and bathymetric surveys from 2012, revealing an average shoreline retreat of 21.70 meters over nine years. The design of the revetment includes a crest elevation of +3.70 meters MSL, constructed on a base at -0.5 meters MSL. The concrete foundation extends to a depth of -1.5 meters MSL. Hindcasting results show maximum wave heights of 1.21 to 1.50 meters from the southwest, with an average wave height of 0.01 to 0.30 meters from the south. The design wave height for a 25-year return period is 1.37 meters with a period of 4.58 seconds, resulting in a wave height of 1.31 meters at a depth of 2 meters. The estimated budget for the 200-meter-long revetment is Rp. 7,778,174,000.

Improving the quality of education is a strategic demand in responding to global dynamics and community demands for the quality of educational institutions, including madrasahs. MTsN 1 Ogan Komering Ilir as one of the formal Islamic educational institutions strives to build a structured quality management system to improve the academic quality and character of students. This study aims to analyze the implementation strategy of quality improvement management at MTsN 1 Ogan Komering Ilir, identify the obstacles faced, and explore strategic opportunities that can be utilized in the quality improvement process. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach, and data were collected through observation, documentation studies, and in-depth interviews with four main informants. The results of the study indicate that madrasahs have implemented quality management strategies through data-based planning, implementation of teacher capacity building programs, strengthening learning, and periodic quality evaluations. However, there are still obstacles such as limited human resources, lack of quality literacy, and limited use of information technology. On the other hand, there are opportunities such as support from national policies, commitment from madrasah leaders, and stakeholder participation that can be maximized to strengthen the quality system in a sustainable manner.

This study analyzes the influence of Employee Training and Employee Development on Work Productivity at Sinar Maju Indonesia Company. Using a quantitative approach with a survey design, data was collected through a questionnaire distributed to 30 employees. Data analysis using simple linear regression showed a regression coefficient of 0.75. These results indicate that there is a positive and significant influence between Employee Training and Employee Development on Work Productivity at Sinar Maju Indonesia Company. An increase in training intensity is associated with an increase in work productivity. These findings support the importance of investing in Employee Training and Employee Development to improve performance and efficiency in companies. Therefore, it is recommended that the management of Sinar Maju Indonesia Company continue and even improve its Employee Training and Employee Development programs to maximize their potential and achieve the company's goals. This research contributes to the development of human resources in the industrial sector and can be a reference for future research.

The utilization of clam shells as adsorbents has attracted considerable attention due to their ability to adsorb contaminants such as heavy metals, hazardous substances, and oil. Clam shells, which are composed mainly of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), possess a porous structure that favors adsorption. Calcium carbonate imparts alkaline properties that neutralize acidic effluents and promote the formation of precipitates. Physical and chemical modifications can enhance the surface area and porosity of the shell, thereby enlarging the active sites for contaminant sorption. Clam shells heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Hg, organic substances and can be used for oil spill remediation due to their hydrophobic and oleophilic properties. The calcination process converts the shells into a material that contaminants such as TSS, COD, and BOD. This utilization not only mitigates pollution but also creates opportunities for adsorbent products with economic value, especially in coastal areas where shell waste is abundant. However, this application must take into account ecological and health impacts, as overharvesting and non-environmentally friendly processing can damage the ecosystem. A sustainable approach with environmentally friendly regulations and technologies is essential to maximize the benefits of clam shells as adsorbents.

The crime of trafficking in persons or the crime of exploitation of persons is a crime that violates human rights and is increasingly prevalent in Indonesia, where the crime of trafficking in persons or the crime of exploitation of persons is very threatening to the life and environment of the community and the state, the problem discussed is the purpose and modus operandi of the crime of trafficking in persons or the crime of exploitation of persons,  and a form of legal protection for victims of human trafficking. The formulation of the problem studied is related to the modus operandi that often occurs today, especially in Indonesia in these crimes. How is it related to the form of protection and rehabilitation and the fulfillment of restitution for victims of human trafficking. This research is included in the research of normative juridical law (Legal Reasherc), legislative approaches, philosophical approaches, and historical approaches which are also strengthened by court decisions which has permanent legal force. The modus operandi of the crime of human trafficking is through persuasion or seduction with the promise of being given a well-established and guaranteed job with their safety while working as well as the lure of high salaries so that the victims of human trafficking without thinking long immediately agree to this, this researcher also discusses the legal protection for victims of human trafficking or the crime of exploitation of persons contained in Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning The eradication of the crime of trafficking in persons must be implemented and maximized again related to the protection and fulfillment of the rights of victims of trafficking in persons.    

The elderly period carries a negative perception because it is considered one of the vulnerable groups in society. They often experience changes in physical health, reduced social support, and the possibility of decreased quality of life. In this case, empowerment of the elderly is important to improve the quality of life and achieve successful aging, as is the empowerment carried out for the elderly at the Al-Falah Health Post Dompet Dhuafa. This study aims to determine what empowerment model is carried out at the Al-Falah Health Post and what programs are carried out in achieving successful aging for the elderly at the Al-Falah Health Post as well as the obstacles and what efforts are made to overcome these obstacles. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research method. Data collection was carried out by interviews, observations, and documentation. And the determination of informants used purposive sampling. The results of this study show a picture of empowerment at the AL-Falah Health Post involving various training for elderly cadres, the achievement of successful aging in the elderly at the Al-Falah Health Post in the forms of achievements include: a) minimizing and low risk of disease, the elderly have awareness and commitment to maintain their health, b) physical and cognitive function that is still maximal allows the elderly to continue learning, maintain physical and mental health, and increase their independence in everyday life, c) social relationships in life at the Al-Falah Health Post create an environment that supports active and beneficial social relationships.  

This study discusses consumer behavior in the context of the effectiveness of Google Maps as an eWOM medium in its influence on intention to visit. The main objective of this study is to analyze the factors that influence intention to visit including eWOM. Five informants were interviewed as part of the qualitative research approach, and secondary data was gathered by consulting a variety of literature sources.  According to the study's findings, Google Maps can be utilized as a marketing tool.  It is anticipated that the study's consequences will shed light on how users interact with data from Google Maps and how companies can maximize the effectiveness of their digital marketing strategies.

The development of information and communication technology (ICT) has brought major changes to the world of education, especially in terms of the media used to support the teaching and learning process. The use of ICT-based media offers various advantages, such as fast access to information, more interesting learning materials, and a more flexible and personalized approach. This article aims to analyze the role of ICT-based media in improving student learning outcomes. In this discussion, it is explained how the use of ICT can enrich learning experiences, increase student motivation, and support more collaborative and independent learning. Even though there are various benefits, this article also identifies several challenges faced in implementing ICT-based media, such as gaps in technology access, limited infrastructure, and a lack of digital skills among teachers and students. Based on this analysis, this article concludes that although ICT-based media has great potential to improve learning outcomes, the success of its implementation is very dependent on infrastructure readiness, training for teachers, and awareness of the importance of technology integration in the education curriculum. For this reason, there needs to be a more planned strategy and support from all parties to maximize the use of ICT in education

Minimally invasive surgery offers several advantages, including reduced blood loss, smaller incisions, less pain, and a lower risk of complications than open surgery. This approach enhances patient comfort and supports faster recovery. When guided by optimal path planning, surgical robots can accurately navigate the body to remove malignant tumors with high precision. This study proposes a Modified Particle Swarm Optimization (MPSO) algorithm to determine the optimal path for robotic-assisted minimally invasive surgery targeting brain tumors. The algorithm improves upon standard PSO by modifying the velocity update equation and incorporating an adaptive inertia weight, enhancing convergence speed, global search ability, and solution accuracy. Experimental results show that the proposed MPSO achieves a maximum fitness value of 19.10 in a sparse obstacle environment, outperforming standard PSO and IPSO in quality and in the required number of iterations. The approach effectively balances path efficiency and obstacle avoidance, making it well-suited for complex surgical scenarios. In conclusion, the MPSO-based method provides a reliable and precise solution for robotic surgical navigation, improving outcomes and safety in minimally invasive procedures.

This study aims to determine the role of pastoral care in motivating the congregation to attend Sunday services at GKPI Simangaronsang Resort Doloksanggul. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The lack of congregation motivation is caused by faith that has not grown, personal problems, economic problems, and conflicts between congregations and with church leaders. The results of the study indicate that the role of pastors and elders in motivating the congregation has not been maximized. Pastoral care such as visits and coaching of the congregation is very important to build motivation and strengthen faith and the relationship between the congregation and the church. Therefore, pastoral care is a vital aspect in church life and the motivation of congregational worship.

Basketball is a dynamic team sport that emphasizes hand coordination, requiring players to score by shooting the ball into the opponent’s hoop. The game involves five players per team and demands mastery of several fundamental technical skills, including throwing and catching, dribbling, shooting, pivoting, and lay-up techniques. One of the highest individual achievements in basketball is being named the Most Valuable Player (MVP), a title awarded to athletes who demonstrate exceptional performance during a game or tournament. This study aims to analyze the determining factors behind an athlete achieving MVP status, specifically focusing on LeBron James from the United States basketball team during the 2024 Paris Olympics final match against France. The research employs a descriptive method with data collection through document analysis, particularly using official match statistics. The assessment includes both physical performance metrics—such as points, rebounds, assists, blocks, steals, turnovers, and fouls—and psychological aspects, such as mental toughness during competition. Statistical data from the match showed that LeBron James recorded 14 points, 6 rebounds, 1 block, 10 assists, 2 steals, 5 turnovers, and 3 fouls. His shooting efficiency was also high, with a 60% field goal percentage (6/10), 62.5% on two-point shots (5/8), 50% on three-point shots (1/2), and 100% on free throws (1/1). The findings indicate that high contributions in both offensive and defensive aspects significantly influence the MVP designation. This study concludes that MVP recognition is strongly supported by measurable statistical performance and recommends that coaches integrate performance analysis technology to maximize athlete potential based on individual needs.