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Readiness for exclusive breastfeeding was important in supporting the development of newborns. Mrs. Priigravida does not know what influences the relationship in the readiness of exclusive breastfeeding. The purpose of this study is to find out the factors that affect the readiness to give exclusive breastfeeding to primigravida. This study uses a quantitative research method with a cross-sectional approach. The sample used was primigravida pregnant women in the Bangetayu Health Center working area of Semarang City. The number of respondents in this study was 50 people, with the technique used being total sampling. The data obtained were processed statistically using the spearmen rank correlation test. The results showed that the majority of respondents at the age of not at risk were 90%, the last education of high school/vocational school was 56%, mothers who were not working were 60%, knowledge of primigravida was high as 100%, family support was good as 98%, nutritional status of primigravida was high as 96%, and spiritual support of primigravida was high by 100%. The results of the statistical test obtained that the factor that most affects the readiness of exclusive breastfeeding in primigravida is spiritual support with a beta score of 0.582. There was a relationship between knowledge, family support, nutriall status, and spiritual support to readiness of exclusive breastfeeding in primigravida. The most powerful factor of influence is spiritual support.

The Semitic language family is one of the oldest linguistic groups that has significantly influenced world civilizations, with Arabic as one of its main branches. Arabic has undergone a long historical journey from prehistoric times to the modern era, shaped by various historical, cultural, and social factors. The study of Fiqhul Lughah, or the philosophy of language, is crucial in understanding the transformation and development of Arabic in different historical contexts. This research employs a library research method, analyzing various literary sources such as books, scholarly journals, and ancient manuscripts that discuss the history and evolution of Semitic languages, particularly Arabic. The analysis is conducted using a descriptive-qualitative approach to comprehend the patterns of Arabic evolution from its ancient Semitic roots to its establishment as a major language in communication, literature, science, and religion. The findings indicate that Arabic has evolved gradually through various historical phases, from its pre-classical stage to the golden age of Islam and its modern adaptations. Understanding the history and classification of Arabic within the Semitic language family provides deeper insights into its dynamics and its significant role in shaping human civilization.

Adolescence is a time of fast physical and psychological development. Between the ages of 10 and 19, adolescence takes place during the childhood and adulthood periods. Teenagers are particularly susceptible to abnormal behavior, such as bullying. Bullying is common in schools and can be brought on by bad settings or family dynamics. The effects of bullying behavior include tension, anxiety, and sadness. Stress usually occurs where bullying demands are usually like cognitive environments, personality. Untreated stress in teenagers can result in substance abuse, suicidal thoughts, and other negative interactions. Method: This study uses a cross-sectional technique and is classified as quantitative research. Female students from SMP Islam Sultan Agung 4 Semarang served as the sample. Simple random sampling was the method employed, with 114 participants. The chi square test was the correlation test employed in this investigation. Results: Based on the results of the analysis, it was obtained that of the 114 respondents, most of them had age characteristics of 13 years as many as 51 or 44.7%, and were female as many as 114 or 100.0%. According to the study's findings, 67.5% of female students reported having high stress levels, while 63.2% reported moderate verbal bullying. A p value of 0.035 was revealed by statistical testing that used the chi square test. Conclusion: Stress levels (victims) and the prevalence of verbal bullying behavior in female teenagers are closely correlated (p value 0.035).

The childfree phenomenon the deliberate choice of married couples not to have children is increasingly prevalent in Indonesia and has sparked serious debate in Islamic family law discourse, particularly regarding the principle of hifz al-nasl (preservation of progeny) as one of the fundamental elements of maqashid al-syari'ah. This study aims to deconstruct the meaning of hifz al-nasl from classical and contemporary perspectives, analyze the legal status of the childfree choice within the framework of Islamic family law, and formulate a comprehensive and contextual legal construction. This research employs a normative legal research method using library research, Jasser Auda's contemporary maqashid al-syari'ah approach, conceptual approach, and comparative approach. Data analysis was conducted qualitatively through content analysis, descriptive-analytical, deconstructive-reconstructive, and comparative techniques. The findings reveal three key conclusions: first, the deconstruction of hifz al-nasl produces a more comprehensive understanding through Jasser Auda's reconstruction that expands hifz al-nasl into hifz al-usrah (family protection), shifting the orientation of progeny preservation beyond mere biological reproduction to encompass family quality and overall well-being; second, the typological analysis of childfree yields a graduated legal mapping: voluntarily childfree without valid religious justification is ruled makruh to haram, temporarily childfree is permissible as equivalent to tandzim al-nasl, and voluntarily childfree due to medical emergency may be permitted; third, legal reconstruction based on Jasser Auda's system approach produces a more just and relevant legal construction for Muslim couples in Indonesia. This research contributes to the development of contemporary Islamic family law discourse in Indonesia.

This study examines the impact of Christian Religious Education Management on the spiritual development and character formation of children in Christian families, especially in the Tengko Klasis Walendrang Timur Congregation. This study emphasizes the basic role of the family as the primary environment in instilling moral and spiritual values, despite challenges arising from the negative influences of technological advances and modern lifestyles. Using a quantitative approach and purposive sampling technique, this study assesses how parental guidance—with the support of church education programs such as Sunday School and Catechism—contributes to the formation of a strong Christian identity in children. The results of the study indicate that effective education management, in which parents act as educators, motivators, facilitators, mentors, and role models, is essential to fostering sustainable spiritual growth and positive character. This study concludes that increased collaboration between families and churches is needed to strengthen spiritual education so that children can develop mature and resilient Christian characters.

The incidence of stunting in toddlers is one of the global nutritional problems. Based on UNICEF data from 2010–2017, it shows that the prevalence of stunting in the world reached 28%, in Eastern and Southern Africa it was 40%, and in South Asia it was 38%. When compared with the "non-public health problem" limit according to WHO for stunting problems of 20%, almost all countries in the world experience public health problems. The aim of the research is to determine the relationship between knowledge and family income and the incidence of stunting among toddlers at the Rantau Selamat Community Health Center, East Aceh in 2024. This type of research is analytical observational research using a cross-sectional approach, the sample is some of the toddlers at the Rantau Selamat Community Health Center, East Aceh in 2024, a number of 61 respondents. Research results: There is a relationship between knowledge and income and the incidence of stunting in toddlers in the Rantau Selamat Community Health Center Working Area, East Aceh in 2024. It is recommended for the Community Health Center to provide education to parents so that they have good knowledge of skills in parenting toddlers, and to the local community Those who are pregnant need to pay attention to their diet to prevent LBW. For parents to monitor the growth and development of their children under five so that stunting can be prevented and overcome.

The empowerment of rural women is a strategic step toward inclusive and sustainable development. Women are not only responsible for household management but also serve as agents of change who contribute significantly to local economic development. In Simpang Pematang Village, the low participation of women in productive activities presents a challenge. This study aims to implement and evaluate empowerment programs that focus on stunting prevention education, post-harvest management workshops, and optimizing the use of home yards for economic and health benefits. The programs were conducted during the Community Service Program (KKN) from January 4 to February 10, 2024, through lectures, discussions, and evaluations. The results show increased awareness and participation of women in productive activities, contributing to improved family welfare and community development.

This study aims to describe and analyze: The Contribution of Migrant Workers in Increasing Money Remittances and Achieving the SDGs.  The research is a qualitative descriptive analysis. The data analysis technique uses the technique developed by McNabb (2002), namely Grouping the data according to key constructs, Identifying bases for interpretation, Developing generalizations from the data, Testing Alternative interpretations and Forming and/or refining generalizable theory from case study. The results of the study show that migrant workers play an important role in the world economy, especially in developed countries as migration destination countries and contribute to the growth of the economy in their home countries, one of which is through remittances sent to their home countries. Indonesia is one of the countries that still sends migrant workers, where remittances from migrant workers are seen as one of the main sources of foreign exchange after petroleum. Migrant workers contribute to reducing the unemployment rate in Indonesia by: Increasing household income. Helping families left behind not work for a while. Increase family access to capital and credit for entrepreneurship. Encouraging a decrease in child employment rates Helping economic development in the region of origin. Encourage political and social change.  The use of remittances for productive activities is expected to increase investment in recipient countries. Remittances encourage improvements made by households in daily consumption, expenditure on education, health, and other expenses, so that it will affect economic growth. Remittances increase household incomes and are therefore a strong anti-poverty force in developing countries.  Not only that, migrant workers who return to their home countries (return migrants) also contribute to the economic and social conditions of their home countries. Remittances can contribute directly and indirectly to several SDGs. Remittances' contribution to the SDGs: SDG 1: Reduce poverty, SDG 8: Decent work and economic growth SDG 10.c: Reduce the cost of migrant remittance transactions.

This study explores the dynamics of interpersonal communication between mothers and their children in mitigating the effects of fatherlessness in Bahagia Subdistrict, Bekasi City, Indonesia. Fatherlessness—defined as the absence of a father figure in a child’s emotional and developmental life—has become an increasingly significant social phenomenon, with Indonesia ranking among the highest in the world for fatherless households. The study aims to understand how single mothers manage emotional communication and perform dual parental roles to sustain their children’s psychological well-being. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews and participant observation involving three single mothers and four children living in Bahagia Subdistrict. The findings reveal that effective interpersonal communication—grounded in openness, empathy, supportiveness, positiveness, and equality—strengthens emotional bonds, builds trust, and fosters resilience in children growing up without fathers. Moreover, such communication becomes a key coping mechanism that enables mothers to reduce the negative psychological and social consequences of fatherlessness, such as low self-esteem, social withdrawal, and academic decline. The study contributes to the field of family communication by illustrating the adaptive strategies of single mothers in Indonesia as they balance affection, discipline, and economic responsibilities. The results highlight how communication can function not only as an emotional bridge but also as a practical tool for building stability and maintaining harmony in single-parent households.

Not all humans have self confidence. Something that can make someone has less confidence is their disability. The aim of this research is to know an overview of the special needs students’ self confidence development in SMA “X” Gresik Regency. This research used qualitative research method, with subjects: student with autism, slow learner, and light mentally disabled. Data collectives method that used are observation, interview, and documentation. Analysis data method used Miles and Huberman Model. This research used triangulation of technique and sources for checking data credibility. This research shows that student with autism can do activities by himself, believe with what he does, responsible, realized and accepted his imperfection, knows reason and effect behind his action, can build interaction with others, adaptation with environment, and tolerance with others. Student with slow learner can do activities and make decision by himself, responsible, realized and accepted his imperfection, knows reason and effect behind his action, adaptation with environment, and tolerance with others. In the other hand, students with light mentally disabled can not approach directly, need more time to approach them. The closest person have important role for special needs students’ self confidence development, like family, special needs teachers, and classmates.

Looking at the culture that occurs in the environment where we live, most early education is handled by a mother, although there are some fathers who also pay great attention to children's education, but this is still relatively rare and most of the time it is the mother who educates them starting from being able to eat, walk, talk, bathe and etc. Due to the understanding in society that a mother only stays at home without needing to work, the job of earning a living is the father's duty, but in everyday life there are many households where the father's work cannot meet daily needs so the mother must help.In the end, many mothers have outside jobs, mothers are still required to educate their children and earn a living. For mothers, this is an obligation that they must carry out, apart from education in daily life, mothers must also think about psychological and spiritual development, Islamic religion, so that their children have a path that is blessed by Allah SWT.The method that career mothers usually use in educating their children is putting them in TPQ, Islamic boarding school, continuous habituation, parents providing examples. The results obtained from these various efforts are that children get used to praying 5 times a day from childhood, get used to reading the Al-Qur'an, are polite to their parents, behave well towards neighbors, older people or friends and so on.

This study analyzes the intergenerational transmission of war trauma across three generations of Palestinian families through a systematic meta-analysis of 47 longitudinal studies (1948–2024), comprising 12,873 participants. The findings confirm a PTSD prevalence rate of 73.4% in the first generation (n=4,291), 61.2% in the second generation (n=4,582), and 48.7% in the third generation (n=4,000). Furthermore, hierarchical regression analysis reveals a significant correlation between the severity of first-generation trauma and its manifestation in subsequent generations (r=0.68, p<0.001). The most dominant intergenerational trauma symptoms include anxiety (89.3%), depression (82.1%), and attachment disorders (76.5%). Structural equation modelling identifies three primary mediators of trauma transmission: parenting patterns (?=0.59), family trauma narratives (?=0.47), and epigenetic factors (?=0.41). Consequently, this study extends the findings of Danieli et al. (2016) on intergenerational trauma mechanisms and contributes to Kellermann's (2013) theoretical model on protective factors in trauma resilience. Unlike previous research by Hassan (2019), which focused on two generations, these findings reveal an adaptive pattern in the third generation through the development of collective resilience (82.3%) and positive coping strategies (77.8%), offering a novel perspective on the potential for intergenerational trauma healing in the context of prolonged conflict.

This study is motivated by several problems that: Employee performance is still low, this is due to several factors, namely the quality of work produced is still not good, lack of leadership direction to subordinates, high employee attendance rate and declining work performance. Low employee work motivation, as evidenced by the amount of time spent during working hours that are not used optimally, still low motivation to increase understanding of work duties and responsibilities, as well as motivation to improve skills in terms of work mastery which can help make it easier to carry out work. The promotion of positions at the Ciamis Regency Education Office is considered to have not fulfilled the predetermined procedures. There are still structural positions that are filled by people who do not have a formal education background or are not in accordance with their competence, this is due to the lack of competent human resources in their fields because people with appropriate formal education, ranks and classes have not been able to occupy structural positions so that they are filled by officials with a formal education background that is not their competence. The implementation of rotation is still optimally organized, it can be seen in the reality that the implementation of rotation often occurs in a spoil system. The spoiler system is a rotation program based on family or based on acquaintances or connections. The results of the study inform that: (1) there is a positive influence of rotation on work motivation. This means that if there is an increase in rotation, it will be followed by an increase in work motivation. (2) there is a positive influence of position promotion on work motivation. This means that if there is an increase, it will be followed by an increase in work motivation. (3) there is a positive influence of rotation and promotion of positions on work motivation. This means that rotation and promotion of positions is one part of formal employee development which aims to provide motivation to employees of the Ciamis Regency Education Office. (4) There is a positive influence of work motivation on employee performance. This means that Motivation is closely related to performance or performance. Employees who have high work motivation can improve performance, on the other hand, employees who do not have motivation to work will reduce performance so that the goals of an agency will not be achieved. The method used in this study is a quantitative descriptive method, including data analysis techniques, namely validity test, reliability test of descriptive analysis, verifiable analysis, multiple linear analysis, f test, t test and path analysis.

The development of social media is currently very rapid and diverse, such as Whatsapp, YouTube. The existence of social media, especially among young people, has given rise to a diversity of uses and images of the identities of its users. Based on the background above, the following problem formulation arises, How do teenagers behave in interpreting the social media Instagram within themselves. And how is the use of Instagram social media in forming self-identity related to social interaction in society. In this discussion the theory used is symbolic interaction theory, where this theory focuses its attention on the ways humans use to shape the meaning and structure of society through conversation. Quoted from George Herbert Mead Symbolic interaction is a theory about how to think about the mind and self. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive case study method. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, observation and literature study. Research subjects were selected (purposively) based on the characteristics of being active users, having more than one account, aged 16-18 years, and consisting of men and women. The research results show that there is diversity in the use of social media, this can be seen from the initial use, patterns of use and the technology used. Then there are various meanings regarding the existence of social media for users, including those related to themselves, family, studies, hobbies, community and work. After that, there are various meanings regarding the self-identity of social media users, and identity construction on social media is carried out through the process of interaction in using social media.

Adolescence is a transition period from childhood to adulthood marked by rapid physical, psychological, and social changes. One important aspect in adolescent development is mental health, which plays a role in forming healthy, resilient, and productive individuals. However, awareness of mental health among adolescents is still relatively low, as found in observations at MAN 2 Surakarta. Increasing awareness of mental health problems and support from family, friends, and the wider community is needed to create a healthy and productive young generation. From the author's observations at MAN 2 Surakarta, it was found that some students were not yet familiar with the concept of mental health, so this community service activity was carried out. Therefore, this community service activity was carried out to increase student awareness of the importance of mental health, provide education, and develop stress management skills. This activity involves delivering materials, discussions, and practicing relaxation techniques such as the butterfly hug. The purpose of this activity is to increase awareness of the importance of mental health, provide education about mental health, and also develop stress management skills. So that students are expected to be able to live a healthier and stronger life both mentally and emotionally. It is also hoped that students can become mentally strong individuals who also have positive behavior for themselves and their surroundings. The results of the activity showed an increase in students' understanding of mental health, with positive and enthusiastic responses from participants.

Poverty and economic inequality pose substantial issues for numerous emerging nations, with an estimated 712 million individuals globally residing in extreme poverty as of 2022. This article analyzes the impact of public policy on these concerns, with case studies from Indonesia, Brazil, and India. This research employs literature review methodologies to analyze several implemented policies, including conditional cash assistance, enhanced access to education, health services, infrastructure development, and economic empowerment initiatives. Conditional cash transfer programs, exemplified by Indonesia's Family Hope Program and Brazil's Bolsa Familia, have demonstrated efficacy in enhancing access to fundamental services for impoverished populations. Conversely, implementation obstacles, including limited institutional capacity and inadequate oversight, frequently obstruct policy achievement in underdeveloped nations. This study concludes that effective public policy necessitates a multifaceted strategy involving resource redistribution, the creation of economic possibilities, and enhanced access to education and healthcare. This research aims to offer insights for other developing nations by examining the policies enacted in these three countries, so facilitating the creation of more inclusive and sustainable public policy interventions. These findings underscore the significance of the government's involvement in empowering impoverished communities through systematic and sustainable measures to foster equitable development and mitigate inequality.

The natural resources produced by Mojokusumo village are very abundant, one of which is the agricultural product, cassava. Unfortunately, the agricultural products have not been fully utilized, mostly processed into boiled cassava or fried cassava. With these conditions, this society needs to be educated through training on the diversification of cassava derivative products so that they can have high market value and provide economic improvement for the village of Mojokusumo. The purpose of this training is to raise awareness and knowledge among the society of Mojokusumo Village, especially the PKK (Family Welfare Movement) members, regarding the potential for diversifying cassava-based products, thereby increasing the added value of local commodities. The method in this community service activity uses a descriptive qualitative approach, which includes socialization, training, and direct assistance in product diversification. The result of the product diversification activities of cassava processing derivatives is natural flour (tapioca). Other results include 1) the ability to effectively enhance the knowledge and skills of the Mojokusumo Village community in processing cassava into natural flour, and 2) the ability to contribute to the development of entrepreneurship that can increase the economic value of Mojokusumo Village.

This research discusses the meaning of work and career for Generation Z. The research was conducted using qualitative methods and a phenomenon study approach. The research was conducted in Yogyakarta by involving 5 resource persons with fulfilling criteria, namely Generation Z who are workers and work in the Sleman area, Yogyakarta and are alumni of universities in Yogyakarta. The data analysis method uses Data Triangulation, namely, data reduction, data display and conclusions. Generation Z, known as digital natives, are proficient in using technology, have high creativity, future orientation, and the ability to collaborate. Access to technology allows them to explore a variety of work options that match personal interests and values. The mismatch between work meanings often makes Gen Z less likely to stay in their jobs. The issues addressed in this study are the meaning of work, the meaning of career, and the factors that influence careers for Generation Z. The research findings show that: 1) The meaning of work for Gen Z in the findings, on job orientation, is to earn money to fulfill life needs. In career orientation, it emphasizes the importance of seeking experience, self-development, increasing social status and expanding relationships to prepare for their future careers. While in calling orientation, describing work as a form of worship and giving benefits to others. 2) The meaning of career for gen Z in the findings is a means to achieve professional advancement, apply knowledge, develop skills, and contribute to positive change. 3) Factors that influence careers include internal factors including interests, talents, and knowledge, and external factors including family, friends, social media, work environment, and boyfriend or girlfriend.

Nosocomial infections, acquired by patients during their stay in healthcare facilities, pose a significant challenge to service quality and cost efficiency. These infections worsen patient conditions and strain the healthcare system. In Indonesia, prevalence ranges from 10–15%, highlighting the need for effective prevention strategies. This community service program involved health education at Mitra Medika Tanjung Mulia Hospital to enhance patient and family awareness of nosocomial infection prevention. Activities included systematic planning, educational material development, and hands-on prevention training. As a result, participants' understanding increased from 45% to 85%, with compliance reaching 80%. However, challenges remain, such as limited resources and varying adherence levels. Therefore, continuous education, facility improvements, and regular evaluations are necessary to reduce nosocomial infection rates and enhance patient safety in healthcare settings.

Postural balance is a crucial aspect of daily life that enables individuals to move with stability and safety. Children with Down Syndrome (DS) often experience balance disorders due to cognitive function limitations that affect their motor abilities. This study aims to explore the relationship between cognitive function and balance in children with DS. Cognitive impairments, including memory deficits, attention difficulties, and executive function challenges, can impact a child's ability to control posture and perform motor activities effectively. Additionally, difficulties in movement coordination and sensorimotor responses contribute to poor balance abilities. Understanding the connection between cognitive function and balance can facilitate the implementation of appropriate interventions, such as physical therapy and cognitive stimulation, to improve the quality of life of children with DS. A holistic approach is essential in supporting the development of children with DS to help them achieve greater independence. Parents and families play a vital role in actively participating in the growth and development of children with DS, ensuring that their cognitive function and balance are maintained and enhanced. Consequently, children with DS can become more independent and socially engaged, enabling them to interact with others and build healthy social relationships. Keywords: Down Syndrome, cognitive function, postural balance, parents, family