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This study aims to analyze the forms and structure of social stratification portrayed in the animated film Zootopia, produced by Walt Disney Pictures. The film was chosen because it represents societal structures with various social layers through animal characters that reflect human social realities. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research, with data collection techniques involving observation and note-taking of scenes, dialogues, and narratives that illustrate social class divisions in the film. The study was conducted objectively without comparing it to the real-life society where the film was produced. The theoretical framework used in this study is based on Sorokin's theory, which divides society into three social classes: upper class, middle class, and lower class. Additionally, Soekanto's theory is applied, which classifies social stratification into closed, open, and mixed classes.The results of the study show that Zootopia presents a clear picture of social stratification. The upper class is represented by predators, such as lions and wolves, who hold power and have influential roles in the government. The middle class is symbolized by wealthy mice involved in mafia activities. The lower class consists of herbivores, who are perceived as weak, often discriminated against, and have limited access to power and resources. The film also illustrates an open class system, where certain characters from the lower class—such as Judy Hopps—are able to transcend social boundaries and achieve higher status through effort and merit.

Restorative justice is an alternative approach in the criminal justice system that focuses on restoring losses arising from criminal acts, as well as efforts for dialogue between perpetrators, victims, and the community. In the context of drug abuse in Indonesia, this approach is beginning to be considered as a more humane solution compared to conventional punishment, especially for addicts or users who are essentially victims of dependence. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the application of restorative justice in resolving drug abuse cases in Indonesia. The method used in this study is a juridical-normative approach with case studies and qualitative analysis of laws and regulations, law enforcement policies, and their implementation in the field. The results of the study indicate that although the concept of restorative justice has significant potential in encouraging rehabilitation and social reintegration for drug users, its implementation still faces various challenges, including the absence of clear regulations, community stigma, and resistance from some law enforcement officers. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen regulations, training for officers, and public education to support the success of this approach in the drug criminal justice system in Indonesia.

This study explores the role of the Catholic Church in fostering dialogue with migrants and refugees in the Diocese of Maumere, Indonesia, while also examining its pastoral and theological responses to the complex challenges posed by modern migration. As migration becomes a pressing global issue, the Church is called to be a beacon of compassion, justice, and inclusion for those displaced from their homelands. Employing a qualitative research method, this study utilizes both fieldwork and literature review, with data gathered through in-depth interviews with clergy and community members, as well as analysis of ecclesiastical documents and pastoral guidelines.The findings reveal that the Church implements three primary forms of dialogue: the dialogue of presence, which emphasizes being physically and emotionally present with migrants; the dialogue of life, which promotes shared daily experiences and mutual respect; and the dialogue of liberation, which focuses on advocating for the rights and dignity of refugees. Despite these efforts, the Church faces several challenges, including limited financial and human resources, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and cultural resistance from segments of the local population.To address these obstacles, the study recommends that the Church strengthen collaboration with government agencies and civil society organizations, enhance education and empowerment initiatives for refugees, and promote community awareness on the values of solidarity and acceptance. By adopting a comprehensive and sustainable approach, the Church can reinforce its mission to serve the marginalized and uphold the inherent dignity of every human being, especially those most vulnerable due to forced migration and displacement.

This study aims to identify the challenges faced by teachers in teaching English at SDN 101774 Medan Estate, Deli Serdang, especially related to low student interest in learning and difficulties in understanding Question Words (5W + 1H) material. This study uses a survey method with data collection techniques through direct observation and in-depth interviews with class teachers and students. The results of the study indicate that limited understanding, low student memory, and lack of active involvement in the learning process are the main obstacles in learning English. To overcome these difficulties, teachers apply various strategies such as peer dialogue, the use of picture dictionaries, gradual vocabulary memorization methods, and fun learning approaches through educational games. These strategies have been proven to help increase students' interest in learning and understanding of the material. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of innovation in learning methods and the active role of teachers in creating an interesting, interactive, and appropriate learning atmosphere for elementary school students.  

This article explores the paradigm of church missions in reaching Generation Z, known as the digital generation hungry for meaning. The main challenge faced is the irrelevance of traditional, institutional, and dogmatic missionary approaches, which fail to address the emotional and spiritual needs of Generation Z. The aim of this research is to identify and propose more participatory and dialogical missionary methods, as well as leverage digital technology to build authentic communities. The method used is qualitative research with a descriptive-analytical approach, involving literature review and narrative analysis. The main findings indicate that the church needs to transform from merely delivering messages to listening and guiding, and creating interactive spaces that allow Generation Z to actively engage. Thus, the church can become a community that is inhabited, not just a place that is visited, where each individual feels accepted and has space to grow in faith. In conclusion, to remain relevant in the digital age, the church must adopt a new mission paradigm that focuses on consistent and meaningful presence in the lives of Generation Z, so that it can become a voice that is heard and provides hope and meaning in their lives.

Freedom of the press is a fundamental part of a democratic system, including in Indonesia. However, in a society that is predominantly Muslim, there are challenges in balancing freedom of the press with Islamic values. One form of Islamic influence on the world of journalism in Indonesia is the fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) on Islamic journalism. This study aims to analyze how the fatwa regulates journalistic practices, the extent of its influence on press freedom, and the challenges that arise in its implementation. This study uses a qualitative approach with a document analysis method, including a study of the MUI fatwa, press regulations in Indonesia, and related literature. The results of the study show that the MUI fatwa emphasizes the principles of honesty, moral responsibility, and compliance with Islamic teachings in journalistic practice. This fatwa encourages Muslim journalists to present news that is not only accurate but also in accordance with religious norms. Although it does not have binding legal force, this fatwa still has a major influence, especially for Islamic-based media and Muslim journalists. However, this study also found the potential for conflict between the principle of press freedom which prioritizes independence and the principle of Islamic journalism which demands limitations according to religious norms. Therefore, dialogue is needed between stakeholders, such as the MUI, the press, and the government, in order to find a balance between press freedom and Islamic values ​​in journalistic practices in Indonesia.

The concept of circulation in Islam is a holistic approach that considers various aspects of life, including economic, social, and spiritual dimensions. It emphasizes the importance of harmony and harmony in society, focusing on principles of amal, social justice, and ethical conduct. This approach encourages individuals to interact and interact with others, fostering harmony and unity in all aspects of life. circulation also encourages individuals to be innovative in addressing challenges, fostering innovation, and promoting cooperation. It also encourages a collaborative approach to social issues, fostering a sense of community and shared goals. By promoting collaboration and dialogue, society can adopt a more positive perspective, encourage innovation, and foster creative solutions. Circulation is a key aspect of the Islamic economic system, which aims to create a stable and harmonious society. It encourages individuals to contribute actively to the development of society and contribute to the development of the future. The system also encourages individuals to share their experiences and unique experiences, fostering a sense of community and fostering innovation.

Indonesia is known as a country with one of the most diverse tribes, cultures, ethnicities, languages ​​and religions in the world. This diversity is a God-given destiny and should be accepted as a gift. In this context, religious moderation emerges as an approach that seems essential to preserving the gifts God has given us while promoting dialogue and cooperation between religious communities. This is the background for religious moderation seminar activities in Ladang Peris Village, Bajubang District, Batang Hari Regency. This activity was attended by 45 participants consisting of students, Village Officials, Ladang Peris Village Youth, Syara' Employees, and the General Public. The hope is to raise awareness about the importance of religious moderation and build cooperation and create a space for open and sustainable dialogue. The activity was held on Tuesday 14 January 2025 at the Ladang Peris Village Hall with the resource person, Head of Bajubang District KUA, Mr Arofah, S.H.I., M.H. The activity was carried out face to face with participants and resource persons who were in the same location, where the resource person provided material, then followed by a discussion and question and answer session. Overall, this activity provided a new and comprehensive view to all participants present at the Ladang Peris Village Hall regarding religious moderation.

Indonesia is known as a country with one of the most diverse tribes, cultures, ethnicities, languages ​​and religions in the world. This diversity is a God-given destiny and should be accepted as a gift. In this context, religious moderation emerges as an approach that seems essential to preserving the gifts God has given us while promoting dialogue and cooperation between religious communities. This is the background for religious moderation seminar activities in Ladang Peris Village, Bajubang District, Batang Hari Regency. This activity was attended by 45 participants consisting of students, Village Officials, Ladang Peris Village Youth, Syara' Employees, and the General Public. The hope is to raise awareness about the importance of religious moderation and build cooperation and create a space for open and sustainable dialogue. The activity was held on Tuesday 14 January 2025 at the Ladang Peris Village Hall with the resource person, Head of Bajubang District KUA, Mr Arofah, S.H.I., M.H. The activity was carried out face to face with participants and resource persons who were in the same location, where the resource person provided material, then followed by a discussion and question and answer session. Overall, this activity provided a new and comprehensive view to all participants present at the Ladang Peris Village Hall regarding religious moderation.

The hotel industry is a service sector that relies heavily on the quality of human resources, so internal communication has a central role in maintaining smooth operations and improving staff performance. This study examines the implementation of Human Resource Development (HRD) communication through the General Manager Table Program at XHotel Mojokerto, which is designed as a medium for direct dialogue between management and employees. The program aims to accelerate the distribution of information, accommodate the aspirations of staff, and build more open and effective two-way communication. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The study participants included General Managers, HRD, and hotel staff who participated in the program for a six-month period in 2025. Data analysis was carried out with reference to Mintzberg's organizational communication theory, which emphasizes the managerial role in the functions of monitoring, information dissemination, facilitation, and negotiation. The results of the study show that the General Manager Table Program contributes positively to the effectiveness of internal communication. Through this program, HRD not only plays the role of conveying information, but also as a dialogue facilitator that encourages active employee involvement. The program has been proven to improve communication transparency, speed up conflict resolution, and strengthen a sense of belonging among staff. The impact can be seen in increasing motivation, discipline, and more consistent work performance, while strengthening the harmonious relationship between management and employees in the work environment. The implication of this research is the need for sustainability and the development of similar programs as innovative HRD communication strategies. The application of this model can be a reference in building a positive work culture that supports productivity, service quality, and competitiveness of the hospitality industry amid global dynamics.

Contractual fairness is a fundamental principle in international trade, ensuring balanced and equitable agreements between parties of different jurisdictions. However, disparities in bargaining power, varying legal standards, and cultural differences often lead to imbalances that challenge the notion of fairness. This study examines the concept of contractual fairness within the framework of international trade and analyzes the business law standards that govern cross-border agreements. The research explores how contractual fairness is interpreted and enforced under different legal systems, emphasizing its significance in promoting transparency and fostering trust in international business relationships. Through a comparative analysis of legal frameworks in major trading jurisdictions, the study identifies key factors that influence fairness, including standardized contractual terms, dispute resolution mechanisms, and the role of international organizations like the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). This study also highlights the challenges of achieving fairness in complex trade agreements, such as those involving developing economies, where unequal access to legal resources and expertise can create significant disadvantages. By addressing these challenges, the research aims to propose practical solutions for harmonizing business law standards and enhancing contractual fairness in international trade.The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the ongoing dialogue on global trade reform, offering insights for policymakers, legal practitioners, and businesses. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for a balanced approach that ensures fairness while maintaining the flexibility necessary for dynamic international trade practices.

This study aims to explore the integration pattern between Science and Islam in the context of the Integrated Madrasah Science Competition (KSM) for Biology at MAN 1 Wonosobo. The research specifically seeks to: (1) identify the conceptual pattern of Science–Islam integration in Biology learning, (2) examine the implementation of this integration in the KSM preparation process, and (3) analyze the factors influencing its effectiveness. This research adopts a qualitative approach, employing field research and descriptive analysis to capture a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. The findings reveal that the integration pattern in Biology learning within the KSM context is characterized as integrative–interconnective, where scientific concepts are interconnected with Islamic values and perspectives. Supervisory teachers with a strong background in pure Biology tend to be more active in developing discussion themes, conducting in-depth dialogues, and organizing studies that merge scientific and religious viewpoints. The effective implementation of this integration is supported by optimal utilization of learning resources, particularly Biology textbooks, as a source of pure scientific material enriched with Islamic insights. Such integration is further strengthened by collaborative discussions between teachers and students, fostering deeper understanding and critical thinking. Several factors contribute to the effectiveness of Biology KSM learning. These include the existence of a curriculum and learning materials that intentionally integrate Science and Islam, as well as the interdisciplinary competencies of teachers who not only master Biology content but also possess the ability to connect it with Islamic principles. Additionally, institutional support from all components of the madrasah—administrators, fellow teachers, and students—plays a crucial role in creating a structured, motivating, and inspiring guidance environment. In conclusion, the integration of Science and Islam in the Biology KSM at MAN 1 Wonosobo represents an effective educational model that promotes both scientific literacy and religious understanding, contributing to holistic student development in madrasah education.

This service to the Pringgolayan Catholic community aims to renew their understanding of the liturgy (especially the eucharist). The main focus of the reform is the liturgical system according to the General Guidelines for the Roman Missal. Through observations that took place from January 2024 to June 2024, the population identified a gap between the knowledge, understanding and liturgical practices of Pringgolayan Catholics. Some people do not even understand the liturgical movements they perform while participating in the liturgical celebration. This service is carried out by combining dialogic lectures, questions and answers, and observations of the course of the event. The results of this activity consist of liturgical catechesis content on TikTok Komsos Pringgolayan and increasing people's understanding of the liturgy. This increase can be seen in the quality of question and answer discussions and the number of uses of technical liturgical terms in subsequent liturgical celebrations. The commitment and consistent presence of the participants is one of the challenges for this activity considering that it takes place every Sunday at 9.00 - 10.30 WIB, from August 2024 - November 2024. On the next occasion, this activity can be carried out again with a time setting that takes up less time

The diversity of schools of jurisprudence in Islam, such as Hanafi, Maliki, Syafii, Hanbali, and Shia, reflects various legal approaches that develop according to their respective social, cultural and historical contexts. The four Sunni schools of thought have different methodologies, but are still based on the Koran and Hadith. The Hanafi school of thought is known to be flexible in its legal interpretation, while the Maliki school prioritizes the practices of the people of Medina. Syafii stands out for his systematic use of hadith, while Hanbali is more strict in following authentic hadith. The Shia school of thought with its distinctive characteristics also enriches the understanding of Islamic jurisprudence. This diversity shows that Islamic law is dynamic and contextual, allowing adaptation to changes in time and place. Therefore, Muslims need to prioritize tolerance and respect differences. The diversity of sects is not a cause of division, but rather a means of deepening religious understanding and practice. Dialogue between schools of thought is the key to strengthening unity, increasing mutual understanding, and creating harmony in social life.

The church has the main mandate to carry out the Great Commission as written in Matthew 28:18-20. In the context of an increasingly complex multicultural society in the digital era and society 5.0, the church is faced with the challenge of delivering the gospel in a relevant manner without losing its theological essence. This research aims to examine the theological contribution of the church in carrying out the Great Commission in a multicultural society and formulate effective strategies in evangelism. Using a qualitative method based on literature review, this research analyses literature from various sources of theology, sociology of religion, and multiculturalism studies. The results show that the church has an important role in building social harmony through interfaith dialogue, multicultural education, and inclusive and contextual evangelism strategies. Churches that understand local cultures can bridge social and religious differences without losing Christian values. In addition, the utilisation of digital technology in church mission strategies allows for greater reach in the spread of the gospel. However, challenges remain, including theological differences, resistance to evangelism, as well as limited church resources in social ministry. Therefore, a collaborative approach with various communities becomes a strategic solution to strengthen the impact of the church's ministry. This research confirms that the church needs to continue developing mission methods that are relevant to the times, while remaining true to its theological principles. By actively engaging in social ministry and interfaith dialogue, the church can become an agent of social transformation that brings peace and prosperity to a multicultural society.

This study aimed to measure the impact of an educational program on developing emotional intelligence skills among fifth-grade primary school students in several mixed-gender schools in Baghdad. The research adopted the experimental scientific method, utilizing a pre-test and post-test design for two groups. The sample was randomly selected from a research population of 150 students, with 100 students chosen as the study sample. These students were divided into two equal groups: a control group (50 students) and an experimental group (50 students). The educational program was designed based on free dialogue, storytelling, as well as games and activities that help children understand and develop emotional intelligence skills in a smooth and constructive manner. The program was implemented over a period of 12 weeks, from March 1, 2024, to June 1, 2024, exclusively for the experimental group. Daniel Goleman’s 2002 emotional intelligence model was used as a measurement tool, as it is suitable for the age group of the study sample. The results indicated statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups in the pre-test and post-test, demonstrating the clear impact of the program on the experimental group. Additionally, the results showed no statistically significant differences between male and female students within the experimental group. The researcher recommends adopting the program in primary schools and suggests organizing training courses for primary school teachers on intelligence development in children. Furthermore, the researcher proposes integrating intelligence development into teacher guides and increasing activities that focus on enhancing cognitive abilities.

This research aims to describe the portrait of women from the perspective of patriarchal culture who are always considered to be in an inferior position, and experience various acts of discrimination in the domestic and public spheres. These acts of discrimination take the form of marginalization, subordination and repression which are represented by female characters in the literary works La Barka and Nayla. The type of research used is qualitative descriptive research. This research uses a feminist literary criticism approach. The data in this research is in the form of exposure to words, sentences, dialogue and helping which reflect patriarchal domination in the form of marginalization, subordination and repression experienced by the female characters in La Barka and Nayla. The data source in this research is the literary work entitled La Barka by Nh. Dini and Nayla by Djenar Maesa Ayu. Based on the results of data analysis and research findings, it was concluded that in La Barka and Nayla data was found regarding (1) patriarchal domination in the form of marginalization, (2) patriarchal domination in the form of subordination, and (3) patriarchal domination in the form of repression.  

This research aims to describe the personality of Basma, the main character in the film "Basma." The data source for this research comes from the film Basma, directed by Fatima Albanawi. Basma is a film produced on Netflix and filmed in Jeddah. The data for this study includes dialogues, character behaviors, and various elements related to the main character being analyzed. Data collection was conducted by noting every dialogue and observing the character's behavior. The research method is descriptive with a qualitative approach, resulting in data presented through descriptions written in words to illustrate the research findings. This study uses Sigmund Freud's theory, which encompasses three aspects: id, ego, and superego. The results of this study, based on Sigmund Freud's theory, show that the main character tends to align with the id aspect of personality. This can be proven by the ratio of personality aspects with the result of 10:1:3, with the id aspect dominating at 10, indicating that the main character exhibits a tendency toward the id aspect.

This research identified the types of translation shifts in “Monster Pets: A Hotel Transylvania Short Film”. Qualitative research was employed as the research design. The data were collected using the observational method by (Sudaryanto, 2015) where the researchers closely observed and compared the original and translated versions of "Monster Pets: A Hotel Transylvania Short Film" to identify translation shifts. The data of translation shifts were analyzed using (Catford, 1965) theory of translation shifts. Finally, the outcome of this research were descriptive qualitative study. Through the analysis, three types of translation shifts were identified: level shifts, structure shifts, and unit shifts. A total of 16 data of translation shifts were examined, which included 1 data of level shifts, 8 data of structure shifts, and 7 data of unit shifts. Among the three types of shifts, structure shifts were the most dominant, indicated that changes in the grammatical structure were the most frequent translation strategy employed in adapting the dialogue from English to Indonesian. The findings highlighted the importance of structure shifts in the translation process of this particular source material.

This study aims to identify and describe the violations of the cooperative principle in the dialogues of the films My Stupid Boss and My Stupid Boss 2 directed by Upi Avianto, using Paul Grice’s conversational maxims as the analytical framework. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method with observation and note-taking techniques for data collection. The data were taken from character dialogues that indicated violations of the maxims of quantity, quality, relevance, and manner. The findings reveal that the most frequent violations occurred in the maxim of quantity, predominantly by the main character, Bossman. These violations do not always hinder communication but often generate conversational implicatures that reflect the character’s speech style, personality traits, and comedic effects.