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The postpartum period is a critical phase with a high risk of complications, particularly perineal wound infection, especially in mothers with premature rupture of membranes (PROM). PROM increases the risk of microbial invasion into the birth canal, making infection prevention essential. Vulva hygiene is a non-pharmacological intervention that can help reduce this risk. This study aimed to evaluate the application of vulva hygiene in reducing the risk of perineal wound infection in postpartum mothers with PROM. This study used a case study design involving four postpartum mothers with PROM treated in the Wijaya Kusuma Ward of RSUD Limpung Batang in 2025. Data were collected through comprehensive nursing assessments, observation of perineal wound conditions, and evaluation of infection risk signs before and after the intervention. The results showed that regular implementation of vulva hygiene led to a reduction in infection risk signs, decreased perineal pain, and improved genital hygiene in all patients. Nursing education and assistance played a crucial role in the success of this intervention. It can be concluded that vulva hygiene is an effective nursing intervention in preventing perineal wound infection in postpartum mothers with PROM.

Local food innovation is not only focused on product development but also requires effective communication strategies to build positive perceptions and enhance market competitiveness. This study aims to analyze the implementation of innovation communication strategies by micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in developing papaya-based chili chips as a flagship product in Nagori Karang Anyar, Gunung Maligas District, Simalungun Regency. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, focusing on the product innovation process, marketing communication patterns, and efforts to build product image amid competition in the local food industry. The findings indicate that innovation communication strategies play a crucial role in creating product differentiation through narratives of unique taste, utilization of local raw materials, and promotional strategies combining traditional methods and digital media. Papaya chili chips are positioned as a product that blends distinctive local flavors with a modern touch, attracting consumer interest and increasing the added value of papaya as a local commodity. This study emphasizes that the success of local food innovation depends not only on product quality but also on the ability of MSMEs to manage adaptive and persuasive communication strategies.

Dairy goat farming holds significant economic potential as a rural enterprise alternative, driven by increasing market demand for goat milk, which is known for being low-allergen and highly nutritious. This article presents a case study on Okane Mochi Farm, a dairy goat farming unit located in Ngaglik Village, Gebang District, Purworejo Regency. This study aims to analyze the breeding management strategies, product innovation, and economic impacts generated by the farm. The method used is field observation and descriptive study of the farm's operations. Observations indicate that the success of Okane Mochi Farm is driven by three main factors: (1) Innovation in selecting superior breeds such as Anglo Nubian and Sapera for high milk productivity; (2) Implementation of strict housing management and hygiene standards to maintain milk quality; and (3) Product diversification through flavored pasteurized milk processing and the utilization of livestock waste into organic fertilizer (zero waste). The study concludes that the upstream-downstream integration model applied by Okane Mochi Farm can serve as a reference for sustainable rural economic empowerment models.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic, infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Primary infection occurs upon first exposure to bacillary tuberculosis, which often occurs in childhood, hence the term "childhood TB." The diagnosis of TB is usually made through a history that includes complaints of persistent cough, weight loss, fever, and weakness, along with a chest X-ray that shows typical abnormalities of pulmonary TB. In this case, a 21-month-old girl presented with a worsening, persistent cough accompanied by weight loss. The patient's mother reported that her child frequently had fevers and appeared weak. After a physical examination and supporting tests, the patient was diagnosed with TB. The patient was given pharmacological therapy in the form of anti-tuberculosis drugs (OAT), and parents were educated about the importance of adherence to TB treatment as prescribed by the doctor. Furthermore, providing a balanced, nutritious diet is recommended to support successful treatment.

Japanese kale (Brassica oleracea) is a leafy vegetable with high nutritional and economic value and strong potential for development through intensive cultivation systems, including polybag-based cultivation. Fertilization is an important factor determining plant growth success. This study aimed to analyze differences in the effects of cattle-manure compost fertilizer and NPK Mutiara fertilizer on the vegetative growth of Japanese kale, as well as to evaluate their roles in maintaining growing media fertility. The research employed a quantitative experimental approach using a single-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD), namely fertilizer type. Treatments consisted of cattle-manure compost fertilizer and NPK Mutiara fertilizer, each with twelve replications, resulting in twenty-four experimental units. Observed parameters included plant height, leaf width, and growing media pH. The results showed that NPK Mutiara fertilizer produced better plant height and leaf width than compost fertilizer, particularly during the vegetative phase. This advantage was associated with the rapid availability of macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium for plant uptake. Meanwhile, cattle-manure compost fertilizer contributed to stabilizing growing media pH and improving soil physical and biological conditions. pH values in both treatments remained within the optimal range and did not limit plant growth. Therefore, NPK Mutiara fertilizer is more effective for short-term vegetative growth enhancement, whereas compost fertilizer supports sustainable growing media fertility.

This research aimed to revitalize Mosau' Dance, a nearly extinct traditional dance from Bolaang Mongondow, through the creation of a new work entitled Sinungkudan Dance. Mosau' Dance is a celebratory dance of post-war warriors whose existence is currently fading in the Bolaang Mongondow region due to a lack of regeneration and the influence of modernization. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach with a focus on choreographic analysis. The revitalization process was carried out through four stages: exploration, reconstruction, reinterpretation, and reactualization. The results indicate that revitalization through the creation of Sinungkudan Dance successfully provided a "new breath" for the local tradition of Bolaang Mongondow. Choreographically. Sinungkudan Dance consisted of eight movement variations, combining three original Mosau' movement motifs (such as joyful leaps) with five newly created movements that depicted narratives of warrior life (Bogani), ranging from weapon sharpening and physical training to the atmosphere of warfare. The choreographic structure was supported by nine symbolic floor patterns, the use of the tungkudon (spear) as a prop, and digital musical accompaniment that blended traditional rhythms with modern instruments such as the flute and snare drum. In conclusion, through more visually and kinetically attractive innovations, the values of leadership and resilience embodied in Mosau' Dance were able to be transmitted to younger generations as a proud cultural identity for the people of Bolaang Mongondow.

The advancement of digital technology has made computer literacy and language comprehension increasingly important. Playing games has become a daily habit for young children. Scratch is an innovative and child-friendly platform. This community service program aims to introduce basic programming concepts to sixth-grade students of Bulupasar Elementary School, Kediri, using the Scratch platform. This program adopts the Direct Instruction method, also known as hands-on learning. This one-day session involved 43 students who underwent a structured process consisting of a pre-test, material delivery, hands-on practice, such as using code blocks, introducing sprites, and creating a simple game, which was explained clearly and structured. During the project implementation phase, each student successfully created a simple animation project with the theme "Catch the Apple" and then conducted practical exercises to try it out on their own with direct guidance. This community service activity was successful, according to the analysis of the pre-test and post-test results. The resources used to create the simple game showed positive results and confirmed the importance of introducing children to the digital world from an early age. Qualitative evaluations revealed positive responses from all participants. Student comments reflected high enthusiasm for learning to code, with the majority expressing a desire to continue exploring Scratch independently. Several students expressed interest in creating future projects, suggesting the program has potential for implementation in other schools to encourage early introduction to programming and help prepare them for the future in an era of ever-evolving technology.

Regional government financial performance is a strategic indicator for assessing the success of regional autonomy implementation, particularly in managing public finances in an effective, efficient, transparent, and accountable manner. This study aims to analyze the financial performance of the Government of West Nusa Tenggara Province (NTB) during the 2018–2022 period using a regional financial ratio analysis approach. The research employs a descriptive quantitative method utilizing secondary data obtained from the Budget Realization Reports (LRA) and the Regional Government Financial Statements (LKPD) that have been audited by the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia (BPK). The analysis is conducted by calculating regional financial ratios, including the financial independence ratio, the effectiveness ratio of Regional Original Revenue (PAD), the efficiency ratio of regional finances, the activity ratio (expenditure harmony), and the revenue growth ratio. The results indicate that the financial performance of the Government of West Nusa Tenggara Province has generally improved. The regional financial independence ratio falls within the participatory category with an average value of 57.81%, reflecting a gradual reduction in dependence on central government transfer revenues, particularly in 2022. The effectiveness ratio of PAD is categorized as moderately effective, with an average of 92.84%, although it fluctuates due to increases in revenue targets that were not fully matched by actual revenue realization. The regional financial efficiency ratio consistently remains in the efficient category, indicating the local government’s ability to control expenditures relative to revenues. Furthermore, the activity ratio analysis shows a shift in expenditure composition from operating expenditure toward capital expenditure, indicating an increased orientation toward development and long-term investment. The growth ratio reveals a significant increase in PAD in 2022, accompanied by a decline in transfer revenue growth.

This study aims to determine the relationship between low self-acceptance and the level of self-efficacy in prisoners, as well as its implications on social life after prisoners are released from punishment. The systematic review method  is used with the SPIDER approach to formulate research questions and select relevant articles. The search was conducted through the Publish or Perish, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases with keywords related to self-acceptance, self-efficacy, and inmates. Of the 100 articles identified, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. The results of the review showed that low self-acceptance was consistently negatively associated with self-efficacy in prisoners, which had an impact on low self-confidence to face social challenges, reintegration, and overcome societal stigma. Psychological factors such as guilt, anxiety, depression, and insecurity can exacerbate low self-acceptance, especially in female inmates. In addition, social support from family, the environment, and psychological interventions have been shown to play an important role in improving self-acceptance and self-efficacy. Interventions such as expressive art therapy, psychoeducation, counseling, skills training, and religious activities have shown effectiveness in improving psychological well-being. These findings underscore the importance of systematic efforts to improve self-acceptance and self-efficacy to support the successful social reintegration of prisoners.

The legal counseling activity on the technical aspects of preventing and reporting Ilegal online lending in Ngawen Village, Muntilan District, was motivated by the increasing number of Ilegal online lending cases that harm the community due to low legal and digital literacy. Rural communities often become victims because they do not understand the differences between legal and Ilegal loans and are unaware of the proper reporting mechanisms. This activity aims to provide residents with legal understanding regarding online lending regulations, improve digital literacy so that the community can identify Ilegal applications, and train residents to be courageous and capable of reporting Ilegal online lending practices to the relevant authorities. The implementation methods included socialization through interactive lectures, distribution of handout materials, and question-and-answer sessions. The activity was attended by 15 residents of Ngawen Village and featured two presenters from the Faculty of Law, Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang. The results showed an increase in participants’ understanding of the characteristics of Ilegal online lending, its socio-economic impacts, and the reporting procedures to the Financial Services Authority (OJK), the Ministry of Communication and Informatics (Kominfo), and the police. Participants also gained a better understanding of the importance of protecting personal data and verifying the legality of financial applications before using them. In conclusion, this counseling activity successfully enhanced the community’s legal awareness and digital literacy, fostering a more vigilant and legally empowered society capable of protecting itself from Ilegal online lending practices in the digital era.

This community service program aims to utilize Balinese orange peel waste into marketable jelly candy in Battu Winangun Village, Lubuk Raja District, Ogan Komering Ulu Regency. The implementation method included socialization, 2-day practical training, and production mentoring involving 30 participants from women's farmer groups, PKK mothers, and youth youth organizations. The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' knowledge from 15% to 92% about the economic potential of Balinese orange peel waste, with 85% of participants successfully producing good-quality jelly candy that met the criteria of chewy texture, balanced sweet-sour taste, and attractive bright color. This program successfully processed orange peel waste rich in natural pectin (18-25%) into a functional low-calorie product with a shelf life of 2-4 weeks. The program's impacts included the formation of independent business groups, a 25-30% reduction in organic waste, and increased public awareness of a sustainable circular economy. The final evaluation showed a 90% level of participant satisfaction, with 87% of participants interested in continuing independent production. In conclusion, this program effectively increases the added value of local agricultural products, empowers the community's economy, and creates social transformation toward a self-sufficient and environmentally conscious village.

This study aims to provide learning for hair dressing beginners in performing smoothing treatments on sensitive hair. The technique of using Hair Mask plays an important role in creating the illusion of firm eye folds, thus giving the impression of larger and more expressive eyes. This study uses an experimental method with a quantitative approach involving 4 models with sensitive and damaged hair to be assessed by 16 AKS Ibu Kartini Makeup students. The results of the study showed that the use of Hair Masks on sensitive hair is very necessary to coat the hair pigment before being exposed to smoothing cosmetics. These results can be proven that the success of student practice using Hair Masks is worth (X2) 31% compared to before using Hair Masks (X1) with an average value of 55%. It turns out that this technique is more effective and efficient in increasing success in smoothing because it reduces the risk of hair breakage. (p-value = 0.014). From this study it can be concluded that the use of Hair Masks on smoothing sensitive/damaged hair. This lesson makes a fairly good contribution to AKS Ibu Kartini students to be able to improve skills in smoothing sensitive hair.

The legal counseling activity on the technical aspects of preventing and reporting Ilegal online lending in Ngawen Village, Muntilan District, was motivated by the increasing number of Ilegal online lending cases that harm the community due to low legal and digital literacy. Rural communities often become victims because they do not understand the differences between legal and Ilegal loans and are unaware of the proper reporting mechanisms. This activity aims to provide residents with legal understanding regarding online lending regulations, improve digital literacy so that the community can identify Ilegal applications, and train residents to be courageous and capable of reporting Ilegal online lending practices to the relevant authorities. The implementation methods included socialization through interactive lectures, distribution of handout materials, and question-and-answer sessions. The activity was attended by 15 residents of Ngawen Village and featured two presenters from the Faculty of Law, Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang. The results showed an increase in participants’ understanding of the characteristics of Ilegal online lending, its socio-economic impacts, and the reporting procedures to the Financial Services Authority (OJK), the Ministry of Communication and Informatics (Kominfo), and the police. Participants also gained a better understanding of the importance of protecting personal data and verifying the legality of financial applications before using them. In conclusion, this counseling activity successfully enhanced the community’s legal awareness and digital literacy, fostering a more vigilant and legally empowered society capable of protecting itself from Ilegal online lending practices in the digital era.

This study aims to evaluate the quality of Trans Semanggi Suroboyo public transportation services with the support of the GoBis application system as a form of digital-based public service innovation in the city of Surabaya. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with the SERVQUAL (tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy) theoretical approach. The data used includes secondary data from the Surabaya Transportation Office, with the number of GoBis users reaching 327,018 people, GoBis balance users 42,833 people, and saving ticket users 2,095 people. The results of the study show that the tangible and reliability dimensions are relatively good, shown through modern fleet conditions and fairly consistent departure schedules. However, in the dimensions of responsiveness, assurance, and empathy, there are still obstacles related to the speed of response of digital systems, transaction security, and limitations of users' digital literacy. The utilization of GoBis' digital transaction feature is still low compared to the total number of application users. This study concludes that the success of Trans Semanggi Suroboyo is highly dependent on the integration between the quality of physical services and the effectiveness of the digital system. It is necessary to strengthen technological infrastructure, improve data security, and digital education for the public so that the quality of smart transportation in the city of Surabaya can run optimally and sustainably according to the principles of smart mobility.

This study aims to examine the effect of microcredit on the level of community welfare in Kecamatan Sumbawa, with study locations in Kelurahan Pekat and Brang Bara. Microcredit is positioned as one of the strategic instruments in efforts to empower the economy of low-income communities, especially through increasing access to financing, income generation, and social welfare. This research uses a quantitative approach with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method based on Partial Least Square (PLS). The study population consisted of 100 micro-entrepreneurs in the two villages who had received microcredit from local financial institutions. The variables analyzed include ease of credit access (X1), credit repayment (X2), income (Y), and community welfare (Z) which acts as a mediating variable. The results of the analysis show that easy access to microcredit does not have a significant effect on income or community welfare. In contrast, the variable of microcredit repayment has a positive and significant effect on community welfare. In addition, income also has a positive and significant influence on welfare, indicating that an increase in income is a key factor in determining the economic and social welfare of microcredit recipient households. This finding confirms that the success of the microcredit program is more influenced by the effectiveness of the management and sustainability of the credit repayment system, rather than solely by the ease of access to financing.  

This systematic literature review examines the implementation of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) in Indonesian senior high schools. Following PRISMA guidelines, nine studies published between 2021 and 2025 were analyzed to identify the benefits and challenges of this approach. The findings reveal that CLIL effectively enhances student engagement, motivation, and the integrated development of subject knowledge and English proficiency. However, implementation is often hindered by limited teacher readiness, insufficient collaboration between subject and language teachers, and a lack of appropriate assessment methods. Analysis using the 4Cs Framework shows that while Content and Communication are prioritized, Cognition and Culture receive less explicit attention. The study implies that successful CLIL sustainability requires continuous professional development and stronger institutional support within the Merdeka Curriculum. These results provide a strategic basis for educators and policymakers to optimize bilingual instruction in Indonesia.

This study discusses the dynamics of interpersonal communication between mothers and children in dealing with family conflicts. Conflict is a natural part of interpersonal relationships, but the way it is managed determines the quality of long-term relationships. Interpersonal communication is an important element because through the process of exchanging messages, mothers and children can express their feelings, understand each other's perspectives, and find an agreement that can be accepted by both parties. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature review method to examine communication patterns, barriers, and strategies used in the conflict resolution process. The results of the study showed that open communication, empathy, emotional presence, and active listening skills greatly influenced the success of conflict management. In addition, research has found that the alignment of verbal and nonverbal messages, the use of non-judgmental language, and mutual respect can create an atmosphere conducive to dialogue. This study makes a theoretical contribution to understanding modern family relations and practical implications for strengthening communication in dealing with mother-child conflicts.

The success of Guidance and Counseling services relies heavily on adherence to fundamental principles such as confidentiality and voluntariness, yet field implementation faces complex challenges regarding educational levels and modern developments. This study aims to analyze the implementation of fundamental guidance and counseling principles and their relevance to religious value integration and technology adaptation. The method used is qualitative with a library research design, analyzing 20 scientific journal articles published between 2020 and 2025. The results show that the implementation of principles is dynamic. At the elementary level, the expertise principle is hindered by classroom teachers doubling roles, while secondary levels face service management challenges. Current relevance is realized through adapting the principle of currentness with web-based technology and the principle of normativeness through Islamic approaches. This study implies the need for strengthening counselor digital competence and providing professional personnel at the elementary level to ensure service integrity.

The provision of high-quality instructional materials is a crucial factor in the success of Indonesian Language for Foreign Learners (BIPA) programs, particularly at the advanced level which requires highly contextual content. This study aims to describe and evaluate the content suitability of the Sahabatku Indonesia BIPA 5 textbook. A descriptive-qualitative method was employed, with data collected through document studies. Purposive sampling was used for data analysis, and data validity was ensured through triangulation. The analysis focused on three primary dimensions: (1) the alignment of material descriptions with communicative objectives, (2) the accuracy of the instructional content, and (3) the quality of learning support materials. The findings indicate that the Sahabatku Indonesia BIPA 5 textbook achieves a suitability percentage of 87.5%, categorizing it as highly feasible for instructional use. The implications of this research are expected to serve as a reference for BIPA practitioners in selecting standardized teaching materials and provide constructive feedback for textbook developers in refining competency-based communicative materials.

Menopause is a natural phase marked by the cessation of menstruation for 12 months due to estrogen deficiency, which is often accompanied by challenging physical and emotional symptoms. With the increasing population of women aged over 50 years (reaching 26% in 2021), challenges related to access to information and awareness of menopausal changes have become crucial to ensure that quality of life is maintained. Objective: This community service activity aimed to improve knowledge and prepare mothers from an early stage to face menopausal changes and manage the associated discomfort. Methods: The activity was conducted at SDN 9 SP I Pandan and involved nine participants. The educational intervention was carried out in three stages: introduction and pre-test, delivery of material using PowerPoint and leaflets, and an interactive discussion session. The materials covered the definition of menopause, its stages, common symptoms, health risks, and preparation strategies through healthy lifestyles and medical check-ups. Results: The counseling session was conducted smoothly in the hall of SDN 9 SP I Pandan. Participants showed high enthusiasm, with five out of nine actively asking in-depth questions related to preparing for the menopausal transition. Through this educational activity, participants gained a comprehensive understanding of symptom management, including hot flashes, sleep disturbances, and mental health. Conclusion: This community service activity successfully provided new insights for mothers regarding the importance of preparing for menopause. The positive response from participants indicates the need for similar educational activities to be carried out regularly to build a sustainable support system for women during perimenopause and menopause.