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Private vehicles are a frequently used mode of transportation because they are considered more practical. However, using private vehicles carries several risks, such as traffic accidents due to drivers losing focus on the road due to other activities, such as making calls on smartphones, drinking, or operating the radio. Approximately 90% of accidents are caused by human error. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a type of neural network commonly used on image data. CNN is often used for image classification due to its high performance and accuracy. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the performance of CNN for the classification of distracted driving activities. The results show that the CNN model is able to effectively classify images of distracted driving activities, with an accuracy of approximately 99% across all datasets and across all input image size variations. Furthermore, the results of this study also show that differences in right-hand and left-hand drive datasets do not significantly affect model accuracy. Variations in input image size also do not significantly affect model accuracy, but do affect the training duration.

Conflicts in transmigration areas are generally multidimensional and influenced by social, economic, land, and institutional factors. This study aims to identify the forms and distribution of conflicts in three districts of the transmigration area, namely Momi Waren District, Ransiki District, and Oransbari District, as well as to formulate a smart system-based conflict resolution approach through the use of spatial data, local institutions, and local wisdom-based settlement practices. Based on field mapping, four main categories of conflict were identified: 1) Land conflicts occur throughout the transmigration sites in the form of claims to transmigration land that has not been handed over to transmigrants because the compensation price is below normal. In addition, there is no ATR BPN office in South Manokwari Regency, one of whose functions is community empowerment and conflict resolution. 2) Economic conflicts occur because transmigrants are registered and recorded in the population registry, making it easy for them to access capital. Several economic activities in agriculture and transportation services are dominated by transmigrants, causing economic jealousy. 3) Social conflicts occur when the distribution of social assistance is uneven and the excessive use of illegally sold alcoholic beverages causes social unrest. 4) Institutional conflicts occur when civil servants, police, and military personnel are recruited, and not all indigenous Papuans who are nominated can be accommodated, requiring the involvement of tribal councils to formulate recommendations for recruitment that prioritize indigenous Papuans. The root causes of the conflict were analyzed using a root cause analysis approach that covered unclear land boundaries, unequal economic access, weak coordination between institutions, and low social trust due to differences in interests between groups. This study utilizes best practices from the Tribal Council, the South Manokwari Regency Transmigration and Manpower Office, the Religious Harmony Forum, and the Social Services Office as the basis for developing smart maps for an early warning system for conflicts. The results of the study formulate a Smart Conflict Resolution System framework consisting of three main components: (1) participatory spatial mapping of conflicts and key actors, (2) integration of institutional databases and social-customary mediation channels, and (3) design of smart maps as a mitigation and decision-making tool in transmigration areas. This system is expected to strengthen collaborative governance, prevent conflict escalation, and realize inclusive and sustainable management of transmigration areas

This community service initiative aims to enhance the managerial capacity and digitalization skills of MSME owners in Mencirim Village, East Binjai. Initial observations revealed five structural issues: weak financial record-keeping, conventional marketing strategies, minimal use of social media for promotion, lack of brand identity, and limited understanding of pricing strategy. The methodology employed a Participatory Action Approach (PAA), encompassing needs identification, structured training, practical workshops, and six weeks of intensive mentoring for 25 MSME participants. Results indicate a substantial increase across all measured indicators: 84% of participants implemented simple bookkeeping, 76% actively used social media for promotion, 72% developed brand identities, and 80% demonstrated improved pricing strategies all surpassing the established targets. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test confirmed statistical significance (p < 0.05). The program also fostered entrepreneurial mindset shifts, the formation of local business networks, and the emergence of community-based local leaders. Continuous mentoring and cross-stakeholder collaboration are recommended to sustain long-term economic impact.

Bungus waters, located in Padang City, are one of the important fisheries centers in western Indonesia with high diversity of demersal and pelagic fish species. Bottom longline is an environmentally friendly passive fishing gear widely used by fishers in these waters. This study aimed to determine the effect of different bait types used in bottom longline fishing gear on fish catch in Bungus waters. The method employed was experimental fishing using a Randomized Block Design (RBD), with three bait treatments, namely tuna, scad, and small squid, each replicated nine times. Catch data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. The results showed that differences in bait type had a highly significant effect on fish catch (F_calculated > F_table at the 1% level). Squid bait produced the highest catch with an average of 10.26 kg (41%), followed by scad at 8.1 kg (33%) and tuna at 6.52 kg (26%). The catch composition was dominated by grouper (44%), snapper (18%), threadfin bream (10%), and kurisi (9%). The use of squid bait was proven to be the most effective in increasing the productivity of bottom longline fishing gear in Bungus waters, Padang, West Sumatra.

The selection process for students eligible for the National Selection Based on Achievement (SNBP) requires objective and structured assessment because it involves various academic and non-academic criteria. This study aims to develop a Decision Support System (DSS) to determine the ranking of SNBP eligible students at SMAN 8 Surabaya using the Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS) method. The ARAS method is used to evaluate student alternatives based on their report card scores for semesters 1-5, academic ability tests (TKA), academic achievements, non-academic achievements, discipline, organizational activity, and attendance through a normalization process to obtain relative Ki values. The results of the study show that the system is capable of producing objective student rankings with relative utility values (Ki) ranging from 95.15 to 89.38, where the highest value indicates the best alternative from all alternatives. The application of ARAS-based DSS can improve the efficiency, transparency, and consistency of the SNBP student selection process.

This study aims to: (1) Determine the effect of the discovery learning model with the aptitude treatment interaction strategy on the mathematical concept comprehension and self-efficacy of 10th-grade students at SMA Negeri 3 Tarakan; (2) Determine the effect of the discovery learning model with the aptitude treatment interaction strategy on the mathematical concept comprehension of 10th-grade students at SMA Negeri 3 Tarakan; (3) Determine the effect of the discovery learning model with the aptitude treatment interaction strategy on the self-efficacy of 10th-grade students at SMA Negeri 3 Tarakan. The research population included all tenth-grade students of SMA Negeri 3 Tarakan in the 2024/2025 academic year. The research sample consisted of two classes selected randomly: one experimental class receiving discovery learning with an aptitude treatment interaction strategy and one control class receiving conventional learning. The research instruments consisted of a test measuring mathematical concept understanding on trigonometry material and a self-efficacy questionnaire. The data obtained were tested for prerequisites through normality and homogeneity tests before being analyzed using inferential statistical tests in the form of an independent samples t-test with the assistance of SPSS software version 26.0. The research results show that the implementation of the discovery learning model with the aptitude-treatment interaction strategy has a significant impact on students' mathematical concept understanding and self-efficacy simultaneously, with a significance value of 0.006 < 0.05. Partially, this learning model has a significant effect on students' mathematical concept understanding, with a significance value of 0.018 < 0.05. However, the effect of the discovery learning model with the aptitude-treatment interaction strategy on students' self-efficacy is not statistically significant, as indicated by a significance value of 0.089 > 0.05, even though there is a tendency for increased self-efficacy among students participating in the experimental class learning. Nevertheless, the influence of the discovery learning model with the aptitude treatment interaction strategy on students' self-efficacy is not statistically significant in partial terms, although there is a tendency for an increase in self-efficacy among students participating in the experimental class. These findings suggest that the discovery learning model with the aptitude treatment interaction strategy is effective in improving students' understanding of mathematical concepts in trigonometry material and has the potential to support the development of self-efficacy in mathematics learning.

This study aims to examine how standard costing can be used as a tool for planning and controlling production costs in salted egg cracker micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). MSMEs need to manage their production costs effectively to increase their profitability in an era of increasingly fierce business competition. A case study was used to collect data through interviews, observations, and financial document analysis. The study shows that the implementation of standard costing has helped more accurate production cost budget planning. This makes it easier for management to compare standard costs with actual costs, which allows for effective and efficient cost control. Furthermore, the findings indicate that standard costing can serve as a benchmark and evaluation tool to improve operational effectiveness. Furthermore, this study suggests that MSMEs should incorporate a standard costing system into their financial reporting process and educate management and employees about the importance of cost control. Therefore, implementing standard costing can be a long-term strategy to keep the company operational and competitive in an increasingly competitive market.

Hypertension is a major non-communicable disease, particularly challenging in regions with extensive service areas. Community health volunteers are essential for prevention and management through blood pressure measurement. Existing training programs focus primarily on knowledge, highlighting the need to integrate cognitive learning with small-group skills practice to enhance practical competencies and community-based hypertension control. A quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest design was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of combined lecture and small-group training. Knowledge was assessed before and after training, while skills were evaluated post-intervention. Thirty volunteers from the Public Health Center Selakau participated. The results showed that knowledge of blood pressure measurement improved significantly, with pretest scores of 74.67 ± 16.34 rising to posttest scores of 90.00 ± 10.50 (p < 0.005). Posttest evaluation of practical skills showed a mean score of 80.93 ± 13.35, indicating proficient performance in most assessed items. Combined lecture and small-group training effectively enhanced both knowledge and practical skills of community health volunteers in blood pressure measurement. Integrating cognitive learning with hands-on practice strengthens theoretical understanding and field competencies, supporting more effective community-based hypertension control programs.

Software Defined Network is a popular computer network concept today because of the ease of managing network traffic with the control plane. Massive internet usage makes web server services on SDN networks overloaded. There are many load balancing concepts to overcome this problem, one of which is implementing the K-NN algorithm. This study aims to maximize the performance of the K-NN algorithm on SDN networks by optimizing the K value using Grid Search Cross Validation, and adding server status selection logic based on the smallest disk if the server status calculated by K-NN has the same. All implementations of the load balancing concept in this study were created virtually using Open vSwitch and virtualbox. Testing was carried out using CPU, MEMORY, and DISK parameters sent by the server with the help of the psutils component. JMeter software was used for testing by sending data using the POST method. The data type is text/plain with a data size of 1MB, testing was carried out in stages with threads 100, 200, 300, 400. The test results showed that the performance of the K-NN algorithm was running optimally. There was no significant difference in the distribution of the load to the server, this made the optimization and addition of logic successful.

This community service activity aims to improve the First Aid Awareness of students at SMAN 5 Tegal through health education and first aid simulation for accident management. The background of this program is based on the high potential for mild to moderate emergency incidents in the school environment, such as fainting, open wounds, nosebleeds, choking, and seizures, as well as the limited knowledge and practical skills of students in providing appropriate initial assistance. The implementation method consisted of three stages: preparation, delivery of health education using presentations and demonstrations, and hands-on simulation, followed by evaluation through knowledge assessment and skills observation. The participants were 54 students representing three grade levels. The expected outcomes of this activity include an improvement in students’ conceptual understanding and practical ability to perform first aid quickly, correctly, and safely before professional medical help arrives. In addition, this program is expected to foster emergency responsiveness, increase students’ confidence in handling accident situations at school, and contribute to the development of a safer and more prepared school environment. The outputs of this activity include increased knowledge and skill scores, documented implementation, and publication of a community service article in a SINTA-indexed journal.

The rapid development of e-commerce has significantly increased the participation of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the digital economy, particularly through the use of pre-order transaction schemes. Although Indonesia has established a relatively comprehensive legal framework for consumer protection and electronic transactions, pre-order transactions involving MSME products remain highly vulnerable to fraud. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal regulation and implementation of consumer protection in pre-order transactions conducted through e-commerce platforms, to identify legal, institutional, and social factors contributing to consumer vulnerability, and to examine the role of the state and e-commerce platform providers in strengthening consumer protection as a public policy. This research employs a normative legal research method with a prescriptive-analytical character, utilizing statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The findings reveal that existing consumer protection mechanisms remain partial and predominantly reactive, as they do not specifically accommodate the inherent risks of pre-order transactions nor are they supported by preventive supervision and enforcement mechanisms. Consumer vulnerability arises from the interaction between regulatory gaps, institutional limitations, and social conditions such as information asymmetry and low legal and digital literacy. Accordingly, this study emphasizes the necessity of a synergistic role between the state and e-commerce platforms in developing and implementing consumer protection policies oriented toward substantive justice and fraud prevention in the digital economy.

The growth of the culinary industry requires small-scale food businesses to implement effective and efficient operational management. This study analyzes the optimization of operational management at Teen Canteen by examining the use of digital systems, staff performance, the implementation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), and operational constraints. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through semi-structured interviews and direct observation. The informant was purposively selected, namely the Head Bar, who is directly involved in daily operational activities. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman model. The findings indicate that Teen Canteen’s operational management has not been optimally implemented due to the discontinuation of digital cashier systems, reliance on manual transaction and inventory records, and inconsistent SOP implementation. Although staff performance is generally adequate, issues related to discipline and service responsiveness remain. This study recommends reintroducing digital cashier systems and establishing written SOPs to improve operational effectiveness.

This study seeks to examine the influence of brand image, product innovation, and lifestyle on purchasing decisions for iPhone smartphones among residents of Patumbak Village, Dusun V, Deli Serdang. Specifically, it aims to analyze the individual effect of brand image on purchasing decisions, the effect of product innovation on purchasing decisions, and the effect of lifestyle on purchasing decisions, as well as their combined impact. The research employs a descriptive quantitative approach, utilizing questionnaires, interviews, and documentation as data collection techniques. The population consists of 740 residents of Patumbak Village, Dusun V, and the sample of 88 respondents was determined using non-probability sampling with the Slovin formula. The collected data were processed and analyzed through multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS version 26.0. The findings indicate that the calculated F value (205.841) exceeds the F table value (2.71), demonstrating a significant simultaneous effect of brand image, product innovation, and lifestyle on purchasing decisions. Partially, brand image (t = 2.885), product innovation (t = 2.491), and lifestyle (t = 5.570) each show t-values greater than the t table value (1.662), confirming their significant individual influence. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.570 reveals that 57% of the variation in purchasing decisions is explained collectively by the three independent variables.

Physiological changes in adolescents during the transition period, both biologically, cognitively, psychosexually, and psychosocially, are very vulnerable to various risky behaviors such as premarital sexual behavior, abortion, unwanted pregnancy, STIs, and drug use. One effort to increase adolescent awareness about premarital sex is health education. This study identified the effectiveness of audiovisual media and leaflets about premarital sexual behavior on the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents at SMA Negeri 20 Seram Bagian Barat. The study used a quasi-experimental approach, pre-post-test control group design, with 40 samples. The Wilcoxon test results for the intervention group showed a p-value of 0.001 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference in adolescent knowledge and attitudes before and after health education using audiovisual media. The control group showed a p-value > 0.05, indicating no significant difference in adolescent knowledge and attitudes before and after health education using leaflets. The Man-Whitney test results showed a p-value < 0.000 (p value < 0.05) for the intervention group post-test. It was concluded that there was a significant difference in health education using audiovisual media and leaflets regarding premarital sexual behavior on adolescent knowledge and attitudes at State Senior High School 20, West Seram.  

This study aims to develop a pop-up book learning medium with the theme “Einkaufen” (Shopping) as a German language instructional medium for Grade XI students at SMA Negeri 3 Binjai. The background of this study is the low level of students’ understanding of the learning materials and their lack of learning motivation due to the use of monotonous conventional media. This research employs a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE development model, which includes the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The results of the implementation stage indicate that 98.3% of students agreed that the pop-up book is effective for use in German language learning, and 96.7% stated that the material content is easy to understand. The pop-up book consists of six pages containing learning materials and exercises that focus on reading, writing, and speaking skills. Validation by material and media experts yielded a score of 90, categorized as very good. These findings demonstrate that the developed pop-up book medium is not only visually engaging but also capable of enhancing students’ motivation and comprehension in an integrative German language learning process. This medium can serve as an effective alternative for improving the quality of foreign language learning at the secondary school level.

Background: Dysmenorrhea is commonly experienced by female adolescents and may interfere with daily activities and academic concentration. Non-pharmacological interventions such as listening to the murottal of Surah Ar-Rahman and the use of lemon aromatherapy have been reported to provide relaxation and analgesic effects. However, evidence regarding the effectiveness of their combined use remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of combined therapy using Murottal Surah Ar-Rahman and lemon aromatherapy on dysmenorrhea pain levels among female adolescents at SMA Negeri 10 Semarang. Method: This study was conducted at SMA Negeri 10 Semarang using a Quasi-Experimental design with a Pretest–Posttest Group approach. The population consisted of 188 students who met the inclusion criteria. The sample size was determined using the Slovin formula, resulting in 40 respondents selected through purposive sampling. A normality test was performed prior to analysis, and the bivariate analysis utilized the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Result: The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test showed a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference between pain levels before and after the intervention. These findings demonstrate that the combination of Murottal Surah Ar-Rahman and lemon aromatherapy is effective in reducing dysmenorrhea pain among female adolescents at SMA Negeri 10 Semarang. Conclusion: The combined therapy of Murottal Surah Ar-Rahman and lemon aromatherapy is effective in reducing dysmenorrhea pain levels among female adolescents.  

This study aims to analyze the use of digital media in the form of infographics to improve student learning outcomes in history lessons, specifically regarding the events of the national movement in the 11th grade students of SMA Muhammadiyah 07 Serbelawan in the 2024/2025 academic year. Along with technological advancements, the use of digital media is becoming increasingly popular in education as an alternative to improve student understanding and learning interest. One form of digital media used is infographics, which can simplify complex information into easier-to-understand information through engaging visual elements. The research method used was classroom action research (CAR), implemented in two cycles, with the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were 30 11th grade students of SMA Muhammadiyah 07 Serbelawan. Data collection techniques were conducted through tests, observations, and interviews. Data analysis was conducted using quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the use of infographics in history lessons can improve student understanding and learning interest. Improved student learning outcomes were evident in improved test scores after the use of infographics, as well as increased student active participation in class discussions. Furthermore, students also responded positively to the use of this digital media because infographics presented information in a more engaging and easy-to-understand manner. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the use of digital media in the form of infographics can be effective in improving students' history learning outcomes, particularly in understanding the material on the national movement. Therefore, it is recommended that history teachers consider using infographics in their lessons to improve the quality of teaching and student learning outcomes.

Background: TikTok usage among adolescents is increasing and has the potential to impact psychological aspects, particularly self-esteem. Adolescents, who are in the stage of developing their identity, are vulnerable to the influence of interactions and social comparisons on social media. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between TikTok usage behavior and self-esteem levels in students at SMA Negeri 2 Semarang. Method: This study employed a descriptive correlational research design with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of 424 students from grade 11 at SMA Negeri 2 Semarang. Sampling was conducted using the Simple Random Sampling technique, resulting in a total sample of 206 respondents, determined by the Slovin formula. Bivariate analysis was carried out using the Spearman Rank Correlation test. Result: The results of the Spearman Rank statistical test showed a correlation coefficient (r) of -0.412 with a significance value of 0.000. The negative correlation indicates an inverse relationship between TikTok usage behavior and students’ self-esteem levels, meaning that the higher the intensity of TikTok use, the lower the self-esteem of the students. The correlation coefficient of 0.412 falls within the category of a moderate relationship. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between TikTok usage behavior and self-esteem levels among high school students.

Background: Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women in Indonesia. Early detection through SADARI is important from adolescence, but many still lack the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors necessary to implement it. Health education, such as the SALINDI education package, which contains interactive materials about SADARI. Aims: to determine the effect of providing the SALINDI education package on the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of SADARI among adolescent girls at SMA Negeri 10 Semarang. Method: This research was conducted at SMAN 10 Semarang. The research design used was a Quasi-Experimental with Pretest-Posttest. The population was 100 female students in grade 11. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with the Slovin formula, resulting in a sample size of 89 respondents. Normality tests were performed first, followed by bivariate tests using the Wilcoxon t-test. Result: The Wilcoxon statistical test for the effect of the Salindi Education Package on BSE knowledge, attitudes, and behavior showed a p-value of 0.000 <0.05. This indicates that the Salindi education package has an effect on BSE knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Salindi education package has an effect on improving BSE knowledge, attitudes, and behavior among adolescent girls at SMAN 10 Semarang. Conclusion: The Salindi education package has an effect on improving BSE knowledge, attitudes, and behavior among adolescent girls.

Semarang City is an urban area with a high vulnerability to flooding. Based on data from the Semarang City Regional Disaster Management Agency, in 2022 there were 133 flood events with extreme rainfall reaching 200 mm per day. Kota Lama Semarang is a historical tourist destination with high heritage value, but this area often faces flooding challenges, especially around the Tawang Polder Area with inundation reaching 30-100 cm. This condition is triggered by an existing drainage system that is not optimal due to limited channel capacity and blockages caused by sedimentation. The purpose of this study is to develop the SEMAR-SUDs smart drainage system innovation. The writing method was carried out through literature studies, hydrometeorological data reviews, and descriptive-quantitative analyses, which formed the basis for the design and implementation of the innovation. SEMAR-SUDs (Semarang-Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems) concept is an integrative solution that combines three main elements Debris Separate Baffle Boxes (DSBB) as a technology for separating waste and sediment, ArborFlow technology based on ecodrainage that optimizes rainwater retention and distribution and Self Closing Flood Barriers that work automatically to protect critical areas. The implementation of SEMAR-SUDs can be a solution model in increasing flood disaster resilience in the city of Semarang while supporting the realization of SDGs 9 (sustainable infrastructure development), SDGs 11 (resilient and sustainable cities), and SDGs 13 (climate action). The SEMAR-SUDs innovation is highly suitable for implementation in Semarang City to mitigate flooding and realize a smart, adaptive, and sustainable drainage system infrastructure.