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This study examines the determinants of green innovation and its impact on sustainable business performance among micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the Bandung Raya region of Indonesia. Specifically, the study analyzes the influence of environmental knowledge and market pressure on green innovation, as well as the effect of green innovation on sustainable performance. A quantitative approach was employed using data from 150 MSMEs, and structural relationships were tested through multiple regression analysis. All measurement instruments demonstrated high reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha 0.89–0.95) and validity (corrected item–total correlation > 0.80). The results reveal that environmental knowledge has the strongest positive and significant effect on green innovation (β = 0.728; p < 0.001), indicating that MSMEs with greater environmental awareness are more likely to adopt eco-friendly innovations. Market pressure also significantly influences green innovation (β = 0.257; p < 0.001), demonstrating the role of consumer expectations, competition, and green product trends in shaping sustainable business practices. Furthermore, green innovation has a very strong and significant impact on sustainable business performance (β = 0.847; p < 0.001), suggesting that eco-friendly practices enhance cost efficiency, customer satisfaction, firm reputation, and environmental outcomes. Overall, the study highlights the importance of combining internal awareness with external pressures to foster green innovation and strengthen sustainability among MSMEs. The findings provide theoretical contributions to green innovation and sustainability frameworks, while offering practical implications for MSMEs, policymakers, and business support institutions.

This study investigates the influence of financial literacy, entrepreneurship training, and financial inclusion on the performance of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) through business sustainability. Using a systematic literature review (SLR) examines the impact of financial literacy, entrepreneurship training, and financial inclusion on MSME performance through business sustainability mediation by synthesizing empirical data from 12 research (2020–2025) across Scopus and Web of Science. Positive direct effects on sustainability (financial literacy via budgeting/risk management; training via adaptive resilience; inclusiveness via digital access) and performance metrics like profitability/growth are confirmed by results using the PRISMA 2020 flow.  Amid obstacles like financial access restrictions and COVID-19 disruptions, business sustainability appears as a crucial mediator, linking these factors to improved MSME results in developing contexts (Africa, Indonesia). Practical implications compel policymakers to give integrated literacy programs, contextual training, and inclusive finance top priority. Theoretical contributions combine financial literacy, entrepreneurial learning, and sustainability ideas into a holistic mediation model. The results highlight the importance of integrating financial education, entrepreneurial skill development, and inclusive financial systems to strengthen MSME resilience and competitiveness. This study provides practical implications for policymakers, financial institutions, and support organisations in designing effective interventions that foster sustainable business growth. The research also contributes theoretically by confirming the mediating role of business sustainability in the relationship between financial literacy, entrepreneurship training, financial inclusion, and MSME performance. Future studies may expand these insights by examining additional contextual factors such as digital technology adoption and business networking that further support sustainable MSME development.

This study aims to examine the influence of product innovation, digital marketing, and business networking on the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), with customer engagement positioned as a mediating variable. Employing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, thirty Scopus-indexed articles published between 2020 and 2025 were analysed to synthesise theoretical and empirical insights related to SME competitiveness in contemporary digital and urban business environments. The findings indicate that product innovation, digital marketing, and business networking each play a significant role in strengthening SME competitiveness, particularly within markets characterised by rapid technological change. Customer engagement emerges as a critical mediating mechanism that connects these strategic variables to sustainable competitive advantage. It enhances the impact of innovative and digital strategies by fostering stronger emotional, behavioural, and participative interactions between SMEs and their customers. The review also highlights that SMEs adopting integrated digital management practices, such as the utilisation of human-resource information systems (HRIS) and data-driven decision-making tend to demonstrate greater adaptability, market responsiveness, and long-term performance. The study contributes theoretically by integrating resource-based and dynamic capability perspectives, offering a holistic understanding of how digital and relational capabilities interact to elevate competitiveness. Practically, the findings provide strategic guidance for policymakers, SME managers, and practitioners in designing innovation-oriented and digitally enabled initiatives that support sustainable SME growth in the digital era.

The rapid advancement of digital technologies and Artificial Intelligence (AI) has fundamentally reshaped the management and development of the tourism industry. Digital transformation strategies offer substantial opportunities to enhance destination competitiveness while simultaneously supporting economic, social, and environmental sustainability. This study aims to systematically examine the role of digital transformation and AI in strengthening sustainable tourism competitiveness through a literature review approach. A total of 42 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2019 and 2025 were analyzed, drawing from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The analysis employed thematic synthesis to identify dominant patterns, conceptual relationships, and emerging themes across the literature. The findings indicate that AI-driven digital transformation enhances operational efficiency, enables personalized tourist experiences, supports data-informed resource management, and facilitates the development of smart tourism destinations. Nevertheless, persistent challenges related to human resource readiness, digital inequality, data governance, and ethical considerations remain evident. This review provides an integrated conceptual perspective on digital transformation and AI in sustainable tourism competitiveness and offers insights for policymakers, practitioners, and future research.

This study investigates Indonesia’s long-term economic transformation across four pivotal eras: the colonial period, the Old Order, the New Order, and the Reformasi era. Employing a descriptive qualitative design with historical analysis, the research elucidates how political transitions, institutional reforms, and global dynamics have interacted to shape the nation's economic architecture. Results indicate that colonial legacies entrenched deep structural inequalities and a dualistic economy, creating a path dependency that continued to influence policy direction after independence. During the Old Order, efforts to assert economic sovereignty were constrained by macroeconomic instability, limited state capacity, and shifting political coalitions. The New Order marked a turning point toward industrialization, macroeconomic stabilization, and openness to foreign investment, generating high growth but also deepening inequality and dependence on external capital. Entering the Reformasi era, decentralization, democratization of governance, and fiscal transparency reshaped institutional frameworks; however, persistent challenges such as regional disparities, productivity gaps, and vulnerability to global shocks remain evident. The study concludes that Indonesia’s economic evolution is non-linear, shaped by historical constraints and gradual institutional adaptation rather than abrupt shifts. Strengthening governance, enhancing domestic industrial competitiveness, and expanding inclusive development policies are essential strategies for supporting long-term resilience. These findings highlight the importance of continuity in policy reform to achieve sustainable growth and to realize the national vision of Indonesia Emas 2045.

BPJS Health has incurred losses exceeding 200 billion rupiah over a two-year period due to the payment of contributions that were discontinued by participants who had utilized maternity services. Data show that 64.7% of mothers registered as BPJS Health participants only one month prior to childbirth, after which 43% either withdrew their membership or failed to continue paying contributions following delivery. The highest proportion of this behavior was observed among independent participants or non-wage recipients (PBPU). In Jambi Province, the highest level of contribution non-compliance occurs in Jambi City. In 2023, there were 77,489 participants with contribution arrears, resulting in financial losses amounting to 60.1 billion rupiah. Contribution non-compliance is influenced by various factors. This study aims to analyze the factors contributing to non-compliance among independent participants in paying BPJS Health contributions after utilizing childbirth services in Jambi City. The findings revealed that 33.3% of independent participants were non-compliant in paying BPJS Health contributions after using maternity services. Significant associations were found between contribution non-compliance and the number of family members (p = 0.001), level of knowledge (p = 0.000), illness perception (p = 0.001), clinical assessment (p = 0.000), and willingness to pay (WTP). Based on these findings, it is recommended that BPJS Health consider implementing a waiting period policy for participants intending to utilize maternity services. In addition, the Jambi City Government should strengthen promotive efforts to educate the public and raise awareness of the importance of health insurance in safeguarding household financial security.  

This study explores the integration of customary law and government regulations in environmental protection, emphasizing the role of community perceptions in shaping effective legal frameworks. Marginal ecosystems, such as coastal areas, urban fringes, and sacred natural sites, often face vulnerability due to fragmented governance systems that fail to coordinate customary practices with formal legal structures. The research investigates how integrating local traditions and state regulations can enhance biodiversity conservation, improve community engagement, and ensure the long term sustainability of environmental management efforts. Findings reveal that when customary laws are formally recognized and incorporated into state regulations, they significantly enhance the legitimacy and effectiveness of conservation policies. Communities in regions like Bali, Indonesia, and Pacific Islands have shown that hybrid legal approaches, which respect traditional ecological knowledge, result in greater participation and trust in conservation activities. However, challenges such as administrative complexity, lack of standardized guidelines, and the need for adequate funding and support for community based governance hinder the full potential of this integration. The study highlights the importance of simplifying legal processes and fostering mutual understanding between customary practices and formal regulations to achieve successful ecosystem protection. This research emphasizes the need for policy reforms that ensure the inclusion of customary law in environmental governance frameworks, ultimately promoting a more inclusive, adaptive, and sustainable approach to managing marginal ecosystems.

Rapid This study examines the effectiveness of environmental legal instruments in addressing water access inequalities in multicultural rural communities. Despite the existence of various legal frameworks, disparities in water access remain prevalent, especially in rural areas where socio economic, cultural, and governance challenges persist. Legal instruments such as the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Clean Water Act (CWA) have proven effective in improving water quality and access in urban settings, but their impact in rural communities is often limited. The study explores the role of legal pluralism, where both statutory and customary laws coexist, in enhancing water governance. It also evaluates the importance of integrating cultural sensitivity into legal frameworks to foster community participation and sustainable water management. Through a mixed methods approach combining legal analysis and socio economic assessments, this study provides insights into the barriers to effective water governance and proposes policy recommendations for improving water access. Key findings suggest that inclusive governance models, which respect local customs and empower communities, lead to more sustainable and equitable water management outcomes. The study highlights the need for legal reforms that recognize the diverse cultural, governance, and infrastructural contexts of rural communities, ensuring that water access policies are both culturally adaptive and legally effective. By integrating these approaches, future policies can more effectively tackle water access inequalities in multicultural rural settings.  

Rapid urbanization, especially in developing countries, has worsened spatial inequality and environmental degradation, impacting vulnerable urban communities living in informal settlements with limited access to services and increased environmental risks. This study examines the role of spatial planning law in promoting social justice and environmental protection in urban areas, particularly for marginalized populations. While spatial planning laws have the potential to promote equity and sustainability, inconsistent enforcement and inadequate evaluation mechanisms reduce their effectiveness. Using a qualitative legal analysis approach, the research reviews statutory frameworks, urban planning documents, and case studies to assess the practical application of these laws. Findings show that integrating spatial planning laws with social justice and environmental sustainability principles can enhance the living conditions of vulnerable communities by ensuring equitable resource access and reducing exposure to environmental hazards. However, fragmented legal frameworks, weak enforcement, and a lack of participatory planning hinder their impact. Comparing with traditional urban planning, social justice-oriented spatial planning provides more sustainable outcomes by prioritizing equity and environmental protection. The study recommends policy reforms to strengthen law enforcement, encourage inclusive decision-making, and integrate social justice and sustainability into urban planning frameworks. Further research is needed to assess the long-term impacts and role of these laws in achieving equitable urban development.

This study examines the effectiveness of national legislative strategies in promoting corporate accountability for industrial pollution and social justice violations. It analyzes a comparative legal framework, focusing on laws, enforcement mechanisms, and corporate liability regimes in countries such as France, Germany, Norway, China, and Australia. The research evaluates how mandatory due diligence laws, judicial measures, and transparency mechanisms help hold corporations accountable for environmental impacts. It compares voluntary compliance models with mandatory legal frameworks, noting the limitations of voluntary agreements in driving substantial environmental changes. Findings show that countries with strong legal frameworks, like the EU and Australia, achieve higher corporate compliance and environmental performance, while voluntary measures struggle to produce meaningful results. The study emphasizes the need for stronger enforcement, higher penalties for violations, and enhanced public transparency. Additionally, it explores integrating environmental justice considerations, such as community participation and fair compensation, into national strategies. The study offers policy recommendations for improving corporate responsibility through better legislation, harmonizing laws across jurisdictions, and fostering collaboration among governments, corporations, and civil society. It also suggests future research directions, including examining the long-term impacts of environmental justice policies in different global contexts.

Education functions as a central pillar in shaping the quality of human capital, encompassing knowledge, skills, and health, and thus plays a significant role in influencing Indonesia’s Human Development Index (HDI). This study employs a qualitative literature review by examining key theoretical frameworks in the economics of education, such as Becker’s Human Capital Theory and Schultz’s investment model, supported by relevant national empirical data. The findings indicate a very strong relationship between education and HDI improvement. This is reflected in a correlation coefficient of 0.943 between education expenditure and Indonesia’s HDI during the 2004–2023 period. The results suggest that an increase in education spending of IDR 1 trillion has the potential to raise the HDI by approximately 0.002 points. These findings confirm that investment in education not only enhances the quality of human resources but also directly contributes to sustainable national development. Despite the positive trend and the achievement of an HDI score of 75.02 in 2024, several challenges persist, particularly regional disparities, unequal access to education, and quality gaps between urban and rural areas. Therefore, more inclusive education policies, equitable access, and strengthened vocational education and training are essential to ensure that the benefits of human capital development are distributed evenly across all regions of Indonesia.

The emergence of ChatGPT and other large language models has introduced unprecedented opportunities and challenges in educational settings. This study examines the dual nature of ChatGPT's integration into classroom environments, analyzing both its potential as an educational tool and the ethical concerns it raises regarding academic integrity. Through a mixed-methods approach combining surveys, interviews, and content analysis, this research investigates how educators and students perceive and utilize ChatGPT, the implications for learning outcomes, and the effectiveness of current academic integrity policies. Results indicate that while ChatGPT offers significant pedagogical benefits including personalized learning support and enhanced accessibility, it simultaneously poses risks to traditional assessment methods and raises questions about authorship and original thought. The study proposes a framework for responsible AI integration in education that balances innovation with academic integrity, emphasizing the need for updated policies, enhanced digital literacy, and redesigned assessment strategies. These findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on AI in education and provide practical recommendations for educators, administrators, and policymakers navigating this transformative technology.

This study examines the implementation of RoRo ship services in Indonesia, highlighting the implementation of RoRo ships and the current national logistics framework potential strategies, particularly in the 3T region. This research employs a qualitative descriptive methodology that includes a literature review. It utilizes secondary data from previous studies, comprising books and original scientific reports published in articles or journals. The findings indicated 1) The use of RoRo ships has gone through progressive developments, like the government's initiative on “Sea Toll” designed to support the logistics sector, particularly in 3T regions. 2) Enhancing the logistics framework through the integration of National Logistic EcosIstem (NLE) alongside the Internet of Things (IoT) to increase logistics efficiency that is rapid, effective, and clear. Nevertheless, these initiatives faces challenges. Consequently. The proposed strategies focus on improving growth center development through logistics integration (shipping, port management, and intermodal) and implementing digitalization in logistics document processing.

This study examines the readiness of elementary school teachers to implement AI-based learning in the era of artificial intelligence, as technological advancements increasingly influence instructional practices in basic education. Despite the growing potential of artificial intelligence to support teaching and learning processes, empirical evidence regarding teachers’ preparedness at the elementary level remains limited. This study employed a descriptive quantitative research design involving 18 elementary school teachers. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire consisting of 15 Likert-scale items measuring technological skills, knowledge of artificial intelligence, attitudes toward AI, pedagogical readiness, and infrastructure support. Descriptive statistical analysis revealed that the overall mean score of teachers’ readiness was 4.08, indicating that teachers are generally ready to adopt AI-based learning. Technological skills emerged as the strongest aspect of readiness, reflecting teachers’ familiarity with digital tools and instructional technologies, while infrastructure and institutional support obtained the lowest mean score, highlighting challenges related to facilities, access to technology, and policy support. These findings suggest that although elementary school teachers demonstrate positive readiness and attitudes toward AI-based learning, effective and sustainable implementation requires strengthened institutional support, improved infrastructure, and continuous professional development to maximize the educational benefits of artificial intelligence in elementary education.

Participatory village development planning is often treated as a technical-administrative routine. In practice, however, planning is inseparable from political dynamics that shape who participates, whose interests prevail, and how scarce resources are allocated. This community empowerment program (PKM) in Kedung Udi Village, Trawas District, Mojokerto Regency, East Java, aimed to strengthen village governance by enhancing the capacity of village officials and community representatives to design and facilitate participatory planning while explicitly addressing the political dimension of planning. The main intervention was a workshop conducted on 22 August 2025, preceded by coordination and situational observation. Workshop modules emphasized: (1) planning as a political decision; (2) navigating dual arenas: formal (Musdes/Musrenbang and RPJMDes, RKPDes, APBDes) and informal (elite networks and gatekeeping); (3) multi-level contestation and policy alignment; and (4) practical tools, including power–interest mapping, programmatic agreements, program tagging for alignment with district planning documents, and transparency/anti elite capture mechanisms. The program resulted in improved participant literacy regarding power relations in planning and produced a follow-up action plan oriented toward institutional advocacy, continuous social control, and routine capacity reinforcement through a university and village partnership.

This article examines various guidance and counseling (BK) management models relevant to the context of modern education in Indonesia. The models discussed include POAC (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, Controlling) management, comprehensive BK services, school-based BK management, specialized service management, and the use of digitalization in BK services. This review was compiled using a literature review method, drawing on various credible national sources, such as scientific journals, reference books, and education policy documents. The purpose of this research is to provide an in-depth understanding of the characteristics, principles, and implementation of each BK management model in educational practice. The results indicate that each model has its own advantages and limitations, both in terms of service planning, resource management, and the effectiveness of service delivery to students. Therefore, the selection and implementation of a BK management model must be tailored to the needs of the school, the availability of professional staff, infrastructure, and student characteristics. The integration of a systematic, data-driven, and adaptive management approach to developments in information technology is a key factor in improving the quality and effectiveness of BK services. This article is expected to provide theoretical and practical contributions to school counselors, educators, and education policymakers.  

This study aims to analyze the major challenges in regional financial management that affect the quality of the implementation of regional autonomy in Indonesia. Regional financial management plays a crucial role in achieving fiscal independence and ensuring the effectiveness of local governance. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method using a literature review approach by examining various scholarly sources, legal regulations, policy reports, and relevant previous studies. The analysis reveals three recurring and interrelated issues: the high level of fiscal dependence of local governments on the central government, the limited capacity and competence of regional financial management personnel, and the persistence of budget misuse reflecting weak governance and oversight mechanisms. These challenges form structural barriers to the realization of fiscal self-reliance and accountable local governance. The study emphasizes that improving regional financial management cannot be carried out in a partial or fragmented manner but requires a comprehensive approach involving the enhancement of human resource capacity, reform of budgeting systems and mechanisms, and the strengthening of transparency and public accountability. Therefore, improving regional financial governance is a strategic step toward achieving effective, sustainable regional autonomy that is oriented toward public welfare.

The transformation of the post-pandemic education system has crystallized online learning as a permanent component, with parents assuming an unprecedented instructional role at the elementary level, particularly at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI). This qualitative case study aims to analyze in depth the dynamics and implications of the role of these parents during the transition period. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with parents, students, and teachers from two MIs in Blora, enriched by observation and analysis of communication documents. The findings of the study reveal three crucial things: first, there is a transformation of the role of parents into "substitute teachers" which creates a significant psychological burden due to the gap between the demands of the role and pedagogical capacity. Second, the communication pattern between schools and parents is still one-way and administrative, and has not built a collaborative three-way partnership by involving students. Third, the quality of parental assistance is very diverse and highly dependent on their digital literacy capacity and educational background, which directly affects the development of students' self-regulated learning. This study concludes that the effectiveness of parental roles is determined by psycho-educational support, the quality of communication channels, and the level of personal capacity, so policy implications must move towards a differentiated and empowerment-oriented approach.

This study aims to analyze the factors affecting real wages of construction workers across provinces in Indonesia from 2010 to 2023 using panel data analysis. The independent variables include Provincial Minimum Wage (UMP), Consumer Price Index (CPI), Open Unemployment Rate (TPT), and Performance Pay (Balas Jasa). A panel dataset of 476 observations from 34 provinces over 14 years was analyzed using three model approaches: Common Effect Model (CEM), Fixed Effect Model (FEM), and Random Effect Model (REM). The best model was determined through Chow Test, Hausman Test, and Lagrange Multiplier Test, which confirmed that the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) is the most appropriate for analyzing this research data. FEM estimation results show that simultneously, all independent variables (UMP, CPI, TPT, and Performance Pay) have a significant effect on real wages with an F-statistic value of 436,465.9 (p-value = 0.0000 < 0.05), indicating that the model as a whole is highly valid and capable of explaining the variation in real wages collectively. However, partial tests reveal that only the Real Wage variable has a positive and statistically significant effect on Performance Pay (coefficient = 106.3320; t-statistic = 1276.083; p-value = 0.0000), while UMP (p-value = 0.1472), CPI (p-value = 0.6460), and TPT (p-value = 0.6934) show no significant effects at the 5% significance level. The research model demonstrates very high predictive ability with an R-squared value of 0.999735 (99.97%), indicating that the variables studied can explain nearly all variation in real wages of construction workers at the provincial level. This research provides policy implications that improving real wages in the construction sector requires an integrated approach that focuses not only on minimum wage setting but also on regional inflation control, human capital quality improvement, and creating conducive labor market conditions through unemployment reduction

This study develops an interpretable machine learning model to predict the settlement status of Hajj fees in Jambi Province, Indonesia. Utilizing the XGBoost algorithm on a dataset of 4,332 prospective pilgrims from 2025, the research addresses the critical challenge of class imbalance where only 28.5% of samples are labeled "Unsettled". The baseline XGBoost model achieved a ROC-AUC of 0.7778, with a recall of 0.3482 for the minority class. SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) analysis was employed to interpret model predictions, revealing that financial features specifically NILAI_VA (Virtual Account Value), JML_SETORAN (Deposit Amount), and JML_PELUNASAN (Settlement Amount) are the most significant factors influencing repayment risk, with negative SHAP values indicating increased default probability. The findings demonstrate that an interpretable XGBoost framework can provide both predictive accuracy and actionable insights for policymakers, enabling targeted interventions such as flexible payment schemes and enhanced financial monitoring for high-risk pilgrims..