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This study explores the intersection of citizenship and land tenure, examining how legal frameworks influence access to land and impact social identities within agrarian contexts. Employing doctrinal legal research, this research synthesizes literature and analyzes primary legal sources to uncover the principles governing land rights as they relate to citizenship status. The study utilizes a combination of statutory, case, conceptual, historical, and comparative approaches to provide a comprehensive view of land tenure systems across different regions and cultures. Findings indicate that citizenship status significantly affects land ownership and tenure security, often marginalizing certain groups such as women, indigenous communities, and non-citizens. The results underscore the need for legal reforms that recognize equitable land rights and address social disparities within land governance frameworks. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on agrarian law, advocating for policies that prioritize social justice and inclusivity, thereby enhancing sustainable development and resource management.Keywords: agrarian law, land ownership rights, citizenship dynamics, Indonesian citizens, legal framework.  

This study aims to analyze the role of citizenship as a legal instrument in the resolution of transnational agrarian disputes, which often involve more than one country and raise complex legal issues. The study focuses on three countries, namely Indonesia, Brazil and South Africa, to understand how citizenship affects land ownership and dispute resolution mechanisms. The research method used is a qualitative approach, with interviews, secondary data analysis, and legal policy evaluation. The results show that citizenship plays an important role in determining land rights and influencing the course of dispute resolution. In this context, alignment of national legal frameworks with international legal standards, as well as increased cooperation between countries, is necessary to create more effective and equitable transnational agrarian dispute resolution. This research provides novelty in identifying the importance of legal harmonization and international collaboration in addressing transnational disputes.

This study aims to analyze the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on citizenship policies in Indonesia and explore how changes in these policies can affect citizens' rights and national sovereignty. The research uses a qualitative approach with a literature review method. A literature review is a type of research conducted by collecting and analyzing existing data or scholarly articles to address problems and understand fundamental issues. The reason for using library research is that the researcher needs data from various sources such as books and previous research journals. Using this method, the researcher identifies relevant topics aligned with the research goals and then analyzes journals and books to answer questions about how FDI significantly impacts Indonesia's economy, driving growth, job creation, and global competitiveness. However, citizenship policies related to FDI require careful attention to balance investment needs with national sovereignty. Reforming policies to simplify residency and citizenship status for foreign investors could make Indonesia a more attractive investment destination, but it might also raise concerns about the impact on the rights of native citizens and national integrity. To manage these effects, Indonesia needs to develop integrated citizenship policies, conduct regular evaluations, enhance transparency, and learn from international practices. With a careful approach, Indonesia can maximize the benefits of FDI while maintaining national interests.  

Citizenship is a legal status that gives a person rights and responsibilities as a citizen. Many laws in Indonesia regulate political rights, including the right to vote. One of them is Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections. Within Indonesia's democratic framework, the right to vote is an important expression of popular sovereignty, allowing voters to actively elect their leaders at both the legislative and executive levels. Fulfilling the right to vote cannot be separated from various technological, political and social difficulties that may have an impact on democracy in Indonesia. Over the last five years, several dynamics have emerged in the enforcement of voting rights regulations, including changes to regulations, election implementation, and the application of digital technology to increase election transparency and accountability. Despite the implementation of legal and technological reforms, there are still challenges in verifying permanent voter lists, especially for vulnerable groups such as people with disabilities and those living in remote locations or abroad, which continues to hinder efforts to tackle disinformation and hoaxes on social media. This research examines the political rights of Indonesian individuals, especially regarding their right to vote in general elections as regulated by law. The right to vote is one manifestation of political participation that is recognized internationally and guaranteed in various national legal instruments.

This research is motivated by the rapid development of technology and the digital world, particularly social media, which has influenced almost all aspects of life, including education. This development necessitates educators to explore more engaging learning media for students to enhance learning efficiency. This research employs a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The data was obtained from secondary data sources and public data sources. Secondary data sources include journal articles, while public data sources comprise publicly available data such as photos, videos, and others. The findings of this research provide recommendations of several Instagram accounts that can be used as supplementary learning references for students. This is aimed at making Indonesian language learning more engaging for students.  

This research focuses on developing an IoT-based automatic irrigation control system for stevia plants to optimize plant growth and water usage efficiency. The system integrates ESP32 microcontroller with soil moisture sensors, DS18B20 temperature sensors, and DHT11 environmental sensors for comprehensive monitoring. Using Research and Development (R&D) methodology with an experimental approach, the system was designed and implemented to automatically control irrigation based on soil moisture levels. The results demonstrate that the system successfully maintains optimal soil moisture by activating the pump when moisture levels fall below 38% and deactivating it above 40%. Real-time monitoring through the Blynk platform enables remote observation and control of environmental parameters. The integration of multiple sensors with IoT technology provides an efficient solution for stevia plant irrigation management, offering potential applications in smart agriculture.

Pancasila, as the foundation of the Indonesian state, plays an important role in the legal system, including in the context of anti-terrorism law. This study aims to explore how the principles of Pancasila function as pillars in the formation and implementation of anti-terrorism law in Indonesia. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a literature review as the main method, which includes analysis of academic literature, legal documents, and interviews with legal experts. The results of the study indicate that the principles of Pancasila Belief in One Almighty God, Just and Civilized Humanity, Unity of Indonesia, Democracy Guided by the Wisdom of Deliberation and Representation, and Social Justice for All Indonesian People provide a moral and ideological framework underlying the creation and implementation of anti-terrorism law in Indonesia. Pancasila ensures that counter-terrorism efforts remain in accordance with the values ​​of humanity, social justice, and national unity. However, challenges such as potential human rights violations and abuse of authority need to be addressed to ensure that anti-terrorism law remains in line with the principles of Pancasila. This study recommends strengthening the enforcement of human rights, inclusiveness in policy making, and periodic evaluation and revision of anti-terrorism policies to improve their effectiveness and conformity to the country's core values.

The research examines: (i) the ideal form of preventing corruption through an integrated education system; and (ii) projected obstacles to implementing the corruption prevention model through an integrated education system. The background to the existence of criminal acts of corruption is proven by Indonesia's position at rank 96 out of 180 countries with a score of 38 out of a perfect score of 100 at the beginning of 2023, below the global nominal of 43. Data proves that efforts to eradicate corruption by optimizing the penal system have not been effective in preventing the rate of corruption cases. Non-penal steps are needed, one of which is through anti-corruption education by instilling awareness of the impact of corruption in the younger generation. The research uses a conceptual approach, then combined with legal material and qualitative thinking analysis. The research results show that there are three ideal forms of preventing corruption through an integrated education system, namely: (i) providing basic level anti-corruption education; (ii) preparation of an anti-corruption education curriculum; and (iii) preparation of anti-corruption educational learning schemes. Meanwhile, obstacles include: (i) there is no anti-corruption education curriculum; (ii) implementation instructions and technical instructions for implementing integrated anti-corruption education are not yet available; and (iii) Anti-corruption education is facultative.

This research aims to increase understanding and relationships related to the revitalization of noble moral values ​​in the Al-Islam Kemuhammadiyahan perspective. This research was prepared using a qualitative approach using the literature review method. Research data was collected using reference sources from several research articles and books using document triangulation. It is hoped that this research can contribute to organizations involved in helping to realize the Islamic character of the nation's next generation through education. The results of this research provide an overview and understanding of the urgency of religious integrity in building Islamic character based on noble moral values ​​in building the next generation of civilized nation. Apart from that, the implications of this research can be a guide to the formation of Islamic character and ethics, strengthening noble moral values, and can be a guide in the field of education, especially universities with Islamic nuances in designing programs that support the progressive process of revitalizing noble moral values. and maximum.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in the economy by creating jobs and fostering local economic growth. However, MSMEs, especially in the culinary sector, often face challenges in managing finances, including accurately calculating the Cost of Goods Manufactured (COGM). COGM, which includes raw materials, labor, and overhead costs, is essential for setting appropriate prices and maintaining profitability. Miscalculations can lead to inaccurate pricing, impacting competitiveness and profit margins. This study analyzes COGM calculations at U&Mie, a culinary MSME known for its chili oil chicken noodles, to understand its pricing strategy. Findings from this research and prior studies by Harefa and Purwanto reveal that the full-costing method provides consistent results, highlighting the need for comprehensive COGM calculations to avoid overlooking variables that could affect pricing. This study aims to offer guidance for MSMEs in managing production costs and setting prices effectively, enhancing their market competitiveness.

This research explores the relationship between training motivation and parental social support on the mental toughness of athletes at the Brother Jaya Group (SJG) Volleyball Club. Mental toughness is considered an important factor that influences athletes' performance and resilience in facing challenges. Using quantitative methods, data was collected through questionnaires that measured training motivation, parental social support, and level of mental toughness. The sample consisted of 50 active young athletes at SJG. Data analysis using the Pearson correlation technique shows that there is a significant positive relationship between exercise motivation and mental toughness, as well as between parental social support and mental toughness. These findings imply that increasing training motivation and social support from parents can increase mental toughness, which has a positive impact on athlete performance. It is hoped that this research will provide insight for coaches and parents in their efforts to support the development of the mental character of young athletes.

The purpose of the study was to determine how much the resilience of volleyball extracurricular student training at SMA Muhammadiyah Makarti Jaya in the 2023/2024 school year. The research method uses a survey method with a single variable type. The population in the resilience study amounted to 15 female students in volleyball extracurricular activities and the sample was taken from a total population of 15 female students. Data collection techniques using online questionnaire distribution using Google Form. The reliability value of the questionnaire based on resilience indicators including emotion regulation (0.8422) with a total of 9 items, impulse control (0.8066) with a total of 6 items, optimism (0.8066) with a total of 5 items, and self-efficacy (0.7090) with a total of 5 items, The data grouping analysis technique uses a Likert scale. The results of the study are in accordance with the indicators that the average athlete who has good emotional regulation in extracurricular activities is 36.33 (46%) with good criteria. The average athlete's ability to impulse control is 24.73 (53%) with very good criteria. The average athlete's ability to deal with optimism during training is 23.53 (47%) with good criteria. The average athlete's ability to solve self-efficacy problems during training is 16.46 (33%) with good criteria. In the overall answer of the student group, the results of the Interval value of all students' answers were 33% very good, 33% good, and 33% of students' answers were sufficient. The validity hypothesis test shows the results with a significant level of 5%, therefore getting the results of r count> r table with r table 0.553 with a valid statement. Based on data analysis and discussion of the research results, it can be concluded that there are student resilience disorders that are in accordance with the indicators of each question item given to students who experience resilience disorders. The majority of students with low resilience levels will show answers that match what is inside the student according to the wishes of the heart.

One of the areas worked on in school-based management is financing management. Good financing management is necessary because it is believed that with efficient and effective school financial management, errors, leakages, and variations in the use of funds from the original plan and goals will be avoided. Schools are empowered to assess their own needs through school-based financing management, which transfers control over budget allocation and use to schools. To completely reduce dependence on government funding, schools are also allowed to engage in income-generating activities. Financing management needs to be carried out carefully, diligently, and comply with relevant regulations when implementing school-based management. The preparation of school revenue and expenditure budget plans (RAPBS) as well as various forms and sources of school funding are all included in the idea of school-based financing management.

This article discusses the crucial role of student administration within the context of education in the Society 5.0 era, where technology has become an integral part of the learning process. The research employs a library research method to gather and analyze various literature sources related to student administration, the role of teachers, and the use of technology in education. The findings indicate that the success of student administration relies not only on technology but also on the collaboration between teachers, students, parents, and other stakeholders. By utilizing digital tools and information systems, teachers can enhance efficiency in managing student data, assessments, and other administrative processes. This article aims to provide significant contributions to the development of more effective and efficient student administration, ultimately improving the overall quality of education in the digital era.

Clustering is one of the fields of study that discusses data. Clustering is used to find and group data based on its traits or characteristics. Clustering can also be used for class-identified data. However, the clustering method automatically clusters the data before the class identifier is known. Based on the data obtained, the city of Medan, which has a population of approximately 2,460,858 people and an area of 26,510 hectares or 3.6% of the total area of North Sumatra Province, is classified as Flood-prone (BPS). Floods that occur almost 10 to 12 times a year in Medan City are influenced by the condition of the downstream Deli and Belawan rivers. Based on the results of the k-means clustering that has been carried out, the areas that are safe from flooding are the districts of Meddan Amplas, Medan Denai, Medan Area, Medan Kota, Medan Petisah, Medan Perjuangan, Medan Tembung, Medan Deli, and Medan Labuhan. Areas prone to flooding are Medan Tuntungan, Medan Sunggal, Medan Helvetia, West Medan, and Medan Marelan. Meanwhile, the areas most prone to flooding are Medan Johor, Medan Maimun, Medan Polonia, Medan Baru, Medan Selayang, Medan Timur, and Medan Belawan based on the evaluation of the accuracy of the silhouette method of 0.9 and can be declared significant.

Digital learning design has great potential in shaping students' Islamic character in this digital era. However, its implementation faces several challenges, such as limited access to technology, difficulties in internalizing Islamic values through digital media, and a reduction in the essential social interaction required for character development. Additionally, distractions from technology, the limited availability of relevant Islamic content, and the lack of technological skills among teachers also pose significant barriers. To overcome these challenges, solutions are needed, including the improvement of technology infrastructure, the development of more relevant Islamic learning content, and teacher training in effective technology usage. Approaches that involve social interaction, digital skills development, and holistic character evaluation can enhance the effectiveness of digital learning in building Islamic character. Therefore, digital learning can serve as an effective tool for educating students with Islamic values, provided it is balanced with the right approach.

This research was carried out for approximately 1 month from 17 January – 05 March 2022. In situ measurements included temperature (Suhu), acidity (pH), and dissolve oxygen (DO). Directly in the Lab. Aquaculture Biotechnology Fakulty of Agriculture University of Muhammadiyah Sukabumi. the test included testing the ex situ water quality at the IPB University Laboratory. Testing ammonia and alkalinity. The results of the above objectives show a comparison of the growth of water quality in the vertiqua system (Vertical Aquaculture), to determine the effectiveness of the vertiqua system in goldfish cultivation on growth, feeding effeciency, and water quality.  

Dermatoporosis is a chronic skin fragility syndrome common in the elderly, characterized by thinning of the skin that increases the risk of injury, bruising, and delayed wound healing. Chronic hyperglycemia and poor glycemic control have been reported to be associated with an increased risk of dermatoporosis. This community service activity aims to screen blood sugar levels, HbA1c, and dermatoporosis and educate the elderly using the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) method at Panti Bina Bhakti, South Tangerang. This activity involved 93 elderly participants aged >65 years. Meanwhile, based on the results of the HbA1C examination, 52 people had moderate glycemic control and 24 people had poor glycemic control. The results of the dermatoporosis examination have not been included. Early intervention through education and monitoring of blood sugar levels can reduce the risk of dermatoporosis, improve the health of the elderly's skin, and reduce the burden of health care.

This research focuses on the use of hand tracking technology in a drawing program based on the MediaPipe framework. The aim of this study is to develop a digital drawing system that can track hand movements in real-time without additional input devices like a mouse or stylus. This technology utilizes computer vision algorithms to detect and track the user's hand movements, which are then translated into strokes on the screen. The study employs a descriptive-qualitative method with a software experimentation approach. The results show that the system has a high level of accuracy and is responsive to hand movements, providing a more natural and intuitive user experience. The implications of this research are significant in supporting technology-based educational and creative applications.

In regional scale of Bali Province infected symptom disparity marked income​ with Still concentrated development of the South Bali region compared to other parts of Bali. The goal study This For identify disparity income districts / cities in Bali Province 2018-2023 and analyze influence growth economy, power work, level education, allocation funds, and capital expenditures on disparity income district / city Bali Province is good in a way simultaneous and also partial. Research This use method quantitative and using secondary data obtained​ from the Central Bureau of Statistics. Data analysis techniques using Williamson index and Klassen typology as analysis disparity and continued with multiple linear regression For analyze influence growth economy, power work, level education, allocation funds, and capital expenditures on disparity income. Research results show growth economy, power work, level education, allocation funds, and capital expenditures simultaneous influential and significant to disparity income. Furthermore, growth economy, level education, allocation funds, and capital expenditures partial influential negative and significant to disparity income. Meanwhile, energy Work in a way partial influential positive and significant to disparity income. Research suggestions among other things to do equalization development for poor and depressed areas decrease, increase transportation common connecting​ all areas, development infrastructure and creation field work, availability help education and also scholarship to college tall and also postgraduate, government center still provide allocation funds especially to poor and depressed areas , and maximize potential area so that investors can invest.