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The rapid advancement of technology today encourages every human being in matters related to the field of industrial or machinery needs, which has a function as a power transfer from the driving force (diesel engine or electric motor dynamo) to the engine to be driven, Gearbox is a component of a machineconsisting of a house for gears, In one of the uses of machine construction and in some components often involves professional welding techniques, one of which is welding using electric arc / Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), the selection of appropriate welding current parameters affects the strength and changes in the mechanical properties of a metal. The current used is too low will cause the difficulty of igniting the electric arc, and the electric arc that occurs is unstable, this test wants to examine using high carbon steel, namely JIS S45C STEEL (ASTM 1045) in the application for gears on the Gearbox through SMAW weldingusing electrodes (E11018-G) Ø3.2 mm with current variations of 90 A, 100 A and 110 A, and see its mechanical properties of NDT testing, tensile testing, and impact testing (charpy). The NDT test results obtained no indication of cracks in the variations of 90, A, 100 A and 110 A and the porosity indication only occurredin the variation of 100 A, in the Tensile test test obtained good results in the current variation of 90 A and the less good occurred in the variation of 100 A. In the Im test test, the results of the NDT test were obtained.

Abstract This study examines the representation of Islam in the architecture of the KH Hasyim Asy'ari Indonesian Islamic Museum as a symbol of preserving Islamic history and culture in Indonesia. Using a descriptive qualitative method, this study identifies the symbolic and philosophical elements contained in the facade, interior, and circulation of the museum space. The results of the study show that the museum architecture adopts a post-modern style with a triangular pyramid shape that tapers upwards, symbolizing the majesty and sustainability of Islamic civilization. The concept of postmodern space is applied, with unclear boundaries between spaces, creating a continuous visual and functional flow, while providing a harmonious spatial experience for visitors. The arrangement of space and circulation utilizes the principle of postmodern space, where spaces appear separate but remain visually and functionally connected, reflecting diversity and inclusivity in the concept of Islam. The representation of Islam on the museum facade is depicted through a motif that resembles santri sungkem to kyai, a symbol of respect and closeness to religious teachings. The pyramid shape not only adopts world architectural designs, but also has a philosophical meaning related to the majesty, identity, and heritage of Islamic civilization in Indonesia. This study confirms that museum architecture is not only a work of visual art, but also a symbol of Islamic identity that is profound and historically and culturally meaningful.  

The Majapahit Surya Ornament is an ornament in the form of a sun decoration with a circular center and the outermost part forming the rays of the sun. The center is circular and has been divided into eight rooms with one room on the middle side. The Majapahit Surya Ornament is found in the Trowulan Museum and the Great Mosque of Demak. This ornament is a symbol of Hindu-Buddhist cosmology during the Majapahit era, which was adapted into a symbol of monotheism in the Islamic tradition during the Demak Sultanate. This study uses a three-form cultural approach: ideas, activities, and artifacts to analyze the transformation of ornaments in terms of philosophical meaning, social function, and physical form. The results of the study show that in the Trowulan Museum, this ornament is maintained in its original form to symbolize harmony and divine power, while in the Great Mosque of Demak, this ornament has undergone modifications in meaning and technique according to Islamic-Javanese values. This finding reveals the process of harmonious cultural acculturation between Hindu-Buddhist and Islam in Java, while also emphasizing the relevance of the Majapahit Surya ornament as a symbol of the rich and dynamic cultural heritage of the archipelago.

Green architecture is one way to create a house or building that is environmentally friendly. One element that can be applied to realize green architecture is by making efficient use of recycled materials and development efforts by paying attention to good environmental carrying capacity, namely the use of used materials can be one solution to overcome sustainability problems. One reaction to the environmental crisis is the emergence of the concept of green architecture or green architecture which leads to sustainable design and awareness of energy and ecology in managing an environment. This study examines the application of green architecture in the residence of architect Ridwan Kamil known as the Bottle House. The Bottle House is a house that is designed to have a balanced reciprocal relationship with its environment. The use of used bottles is one design idea that helps reduce waste in Indonesia and can also be an alternative material that is not only functional but also aesthetic. Creatively, the bottle house shows how art and design can influence people's mindsets.

Layur Mosque is one of the historic mosques in Semarang City that holds high architectural and cultural value. Built in the 18th century by the Arab community in the Pekojan area, this mosque has undergone various physical changes that reflect the dynamics of its social, cultural, and environmental surroundings. This study aims to examine the development of the Layur Mosque's architectural form over time through a qualitative descriptive approach. Data was collected through direct observation, literature review, and interviews with community leaders and mosque administrators. The findings reveal that the changes in the mosque's architectural form can be divided into several phases, starting from its initial tropical-style design with Middle Eastern influences, to modern renovations that retain distinctive elements such as the minaret and overlapping roof. These changes were not only driven by functional needs but also influenced by the cultural and social development of the local community. These findings emphasize that the structure of a mosque can serve as a visual historical source reflecting the journey of a community over time.

The rapid population growth in South Tangerang City has led to an increasing demand for housing, public facilities, and adequate community activity spaces. This phenomenon presents a challenge in providing proper and multifunctional spaces efficiently. This study aims to formulate architectural design strategies through a mixed-use development approach as a solution to mitigate the impact of population density in satellite urban areas. A mixed-methods approach, combining both quantitative and qualitative methods, was employed. Data were collected through questionnaires, field observations, spatial analysis, and in-depth interviews with residents and area users. Quantitative analysis was used to measure spatial needs and activity patterns, while qualitative analysis aimed to understand social preferences and local cultural contexts. The findings indicate that integrating residential, commercial, and public facility functions within a single area can improve land-use efficiency, reduce daily mobility, and strengthen inclusive social interaction spaces. The proposed design strategies include vertical spatial organization, flexible zoning, and the provision of green open spaces that support social and ecological sustainability. This research provides a foundation for the development of adaptive, participatory, and sustainable architectural designs for high-density urban areas such as South Tangerang City.

Friedrich Silaban is one of Indonesia's prominent architects, renowned for his ability to integrate cultural and spiritual values into each of his works. This article explores Silaban's thoughts and design philosophy, which reflect the close relationship between architecture and spirituality. Through an approach that emphasizes aesthetics, functionality, and social context, Silaban successfully creates spaces that are not only beautiful but also meaningful, reflecting the identity of Indonesian society. In facing the challenges of the times, including political and social crises, Silaban's resilience and creativity serve as a testament to how architecture can adapt and endure. This article also discusses Silaban's legacy, which continues to inspire generations of contemporary architects, as well as the importance of understanding architecture as a medium for creating spaces that embody spiritual and cultural values. Thus, Friedrich Silaban's thoughts not only make a significant contribution to the world of architecture but also invite us to reconsider the meaning of space in our lives.

A parabola is a curve that consists of points that are equidistant from a fixed point (focus) and a fixed line (directrix). This study aims to analyze the shape of the canopy roof of the UBB Medical Building using an analytical geometry approach on parabolas. The method used is a quantitative descriptive based on visual documentary online and proportional estimates against comparative objects. The parabola model is constructed from three key points and visualized using GeoGebra. The results show that the shape of the canopy can be accurately represented through the equation of a parabola, with a symmetrical and aesthetic structure. This research proves that mathematical concepts can be practically applied in architectural design.

This study aims to analyze the development, challenges, and opportunities of Ro-Ro ships in the maritime transportation system in Indonesia. As an archipelagic country, Indonesia needs an efficient mode of sea transportation to connect areas between islands. The method used is a mixed approach, with quantitative analysis of shipping statistics and vehicle volume, as well as qualitative analysis through in-depth interviews with stakeholders. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The results of the study show that Ro-Ro ships have advantages in loading and unloading efficiency and travel time, especially on congested routes such as Merak-Bakauheni and Ketapang-Gilimanuk. However, there are major challenges in the aspects of port infrastructure, licensing regulations, and digitization of public services. This study recommends investment in port infrastructure, bureaucratic simplification, and the development of strategic routes and digital information systems to support the optimization of Ro-Ro ships as an efficient and sustainable mode of maritime transportation in Indonesia.

Literature and film often use universal character patterns, known as archetypes, to explore deep psychological and social themes that resonate across cultures. Recent studies have applied Jungian archetype theory to analyze characters in various films, but few have focused on how these patterns shape emotional journeys in contemporary drama. This study aims to examine the archetypal dimensions of the main character, Otto Anderson, in Marc Forster’s film A Man Called Otto by applying Carl Gustav Jung’s archetype theory. Using a descriptive qualitative method, the research analyzes selected scenes, dialogues, and monologues to identify and interpret five key archetypes: Self, Ego, Persona, Shadow, and Anima. The findings show that Otto’s character embodies all five archetypes, with the Ego (30,77%) and Shadow (23,08%) dominating his early isolation and emotional defenses, while the Self (11,54%), Anima (15,38%), Persona (19,23%) and emerge as he reconnects with others and moves toward healing. These percentages illustrate the varying influence of each archetype throughout Otto’s journey, highlighting how his psychological transformation is reflected in the shifting dominance of these archetypal patterns. Compared to previous studies that examined archetypes in films such as Enola Holmes, Mcfarland USA, Encanto, The Dark Tower, and The Three Stooges, this research offers a deeper psychological perspective by focusing on the interplay of grief, isolation, and transformation within a dramatic context. The analysis demonstrates the value of archetype theory in understanding character development and highlights how A Man Called Otto reflects universal experiences of loss and resilience in modern cinema.

The implementation of regional autonomy in Indonesia is often assessed through fiscal independence as a measure of a region's capacity to manage its own finances. However, in practice, many regions—including Raja Ampat Regency—remain heavily reliant on central government transfers, highlighting the weakness of local fiscal capacity. This study aims to evaluate the financial capability of the region and examine the dynamics of fiscal relations between the central and local governments in Raja Ampat Regency, Southwest Papua Province. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed, utilizing secondary data from 2020 to 2024. The evaluation is based on five key indicators: the Degree of Fiscal Decentralization (DDF), Degree of Fiscal Autonomy (DOF), Fiscal Need (KbF), Fiscal Capacity (KaF), and the Fiscal Independence Ratio. The analysis reveals that Raja Ampat's fiscal independence is critically low, with an average DDF of only 19.45% and a DOF of merely 1.89%. The region’s high per capita fiscal need (10.45) is not matched by sufficient fiscal capacity (5.85), indicating a significant fiscal deficit. Furthermore, the persistently negative fiscal independence ratio reinforces its strong dependence on central government support. The existing fiscal relationship is characterized as instructive, with central intervention remaining dominant. A reformulation of fiscal policy that is more context-sensitive and equitable is urgently needed to support archipelagic regions such as Raja Ampat in achieving sustainable fiscal independence.

The lack of public understanding of the cultural and historical values contained in multicultural worship buildings. Sam Poo Kong Temple in Semarang is an important object to study cultural acculturation reflected in its architecture, visual aesthetics, and historical values. This research aims to reveal how the combination of Chinese, Javanese and Islamic elements is reflected in the physical and symbolic forms of the temple. The method used is descriptive-analytical qualitative through direct observation, visual documentation, interviews, and literature study. The analysis was done thematically with architectural aesthetics and visual semiotics approaches. The results show that Sam Poo Kong Temple not only functions as a place of worship, but also as a symbol of tolerance and multicultural identity. The combination of ornaments, colors, structures, and symbols represent the values of togetherness, spirituality, and cross-cultural heritage. This temple plays an important role in strengthening social cohesion and becoming a cultural asset that supports the development of an inclusive and harmonious society.  

Housing in the BSB (Bukit Semarang Baru) area, located right in front of the lake, offers an architectural idea that combines the comfort of modern housing with a natural touch. In this analysis, several important architectural elements such as the use of foot plate foundations, construction time, and the use of wood planks on the building facade are explored to understand how this design combines functional and aesthetic aspects. This study aims to analyze these elements, especially in relation to spatial planning, functionality, and aesthetics, as well as how the integration between building architecture with the elements of the lake and the surrounding green space. Through a qualitative approach and direct observation, this paper offers a critical view of the concept of sustainability applied in the design of this area.

The MBKM internship program provides students with the opportunity to be directly involved in public service activities within government institutions. Through placement at BPPRD Palangka Raya City, the student was assigned to the service counter for advertisement tax and waste retribution. Activities included recording taxpayer data, scanning documents, archiving files, and delivering tax-related information both in person and digitally. This experience not only enhanced technical understanding and knowledge of tax administration procedures but also developed the student's discipline and communication skills. The presence of the intern contributed to smoother services, particularly in document handling and time efficiency. Overall, the internship provided meaningful learning for the student and offered real support to the institution.

The Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) Program is a policy that provides opportunities for university students to gain direct experience in the professional world. One of its implementations is internships in government institutions. This article is based on a four-month internship undertaken by a student in the General Affairs and Personnel Subdivision of the Regional Tax and Retribution Management Agency (BPPRD) of Palangka Raya City. The aim of this internship is to support office administrative services and to provide students with practical experience in public administration. The methods applied include direct observation, active involvement in administrative tasks, and informal communication with staff members. During the internship, the student participated in various activities such as recording incoming and outgoing mail, typing disposition sheets, scanning and archiving documents, meeting documentation, and distributing files between departments. The results show that student involvement not only helped reduce employees’ workload but also improved the overall efficiency of administrative services. In addition, the student gained a concrete understanding of the bureaucratic system, developed technical skills, and enhanced soft skills relevant to future career readiness. This internship demonstrates that synergy between educational institutions and government agencies can create a meaningful and applicable learning environment for both parties. 

This study aims to explore and examine the leadership model based on local values ​​that have developed in various regions of the archipelago, as well as its relevance in contemporary leadership practices. Indonesia as a country with high cultural diversity holds many traditional leadership value legacies, such as deliberation, mutual cooperation, and the principle of balance between individual and collective interests. Through a qualitative-descriptive approach, this study analyzes various traditional leadership practices from several regions such as Java, Bali, Minangkabau, and Bugis-Makassar, then identifies the main elements that can be integrated into modern leadership styles in both the public and private sectors. The results of the study indicate that local values ​​not only enrich existing leadership models, but are also able to strengthen the legitimacy, ethics, and effectiveness of leadership in an increasingly complex social context. This study recommends the development of a hybrid leadership model that combines local wisdom with global demands, as an adaptive solution in facing the dynamics of changing times.

Demonstration method in improving the ability to read and write Arabic Malay (Jawi) in Madrasah Tsanawiyah. Arabic Malay writing is a cultural heritage of the Archipelago that is important to preserve, especially in Islamic education environments. The demonstration method combined with lectures and demonstration methods allows students to learn concretely through direct explanations and demonstrations, so that they are able to understand the letter forms, pronunciation, and structure of Arabic Malay writing better. This study found that the demonstrative approach gave positive results in improving students' ability to read and write Arabic Malay, and was an effective method in fostering interest in learning and preserving local cultural scripts.  

As the world’s largest archipelagic state, Indonesia holds a strategic geographical position that simultaneously renders it vulnerable to multifaceted maritime security threats. One of the most pressing recent issues is the construction of a coastal barrier (pagar laut) along the Tangerang coastline in Banten Province, which has raised significant legal, social, and environmental concerns. This study examines the legality of such structures through the lens of international maritime law, particularly the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982. Employing a normative legal approach and qualitative analysis, this research assesses both national and international legal instruments relevant to maritime space governance. The findings indicate that the unauthorized construction of the coastal barrier violates several national regulations namely, laws governing coastal management, marine utilization, and environmental protection while also infringing upon core UNCLOS principles such as the right of innocent passage, freedom of navigation, and marine environmental protection. This study underscores the urgent need for integrated national maritime governance, regulatory harmonization, and cross-sectoral coordination to ensure compliance with international legal standards and safeguard public access to marine spaces. The Tangerang coastal barrier case exemplifies the rise of non-traditional maritime security threats in Indonesia, calling for more assertive and structured legal and policy responses.

This study analyzes the representation of psychological trauma and collective memory in the novel Laut Bercerita by Leila S. Chudori through the psychoanalytic approach of Sigmund Freud and Maurice Halbwachs’ theory of collective memory. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with content analysis techniques applied to the text. The findings reveal that the trauma experienced by the main character, Biru Laut, reflects internal conflicts among the id, ego, and superego, as well as the emergence of various defense mechanisms such as repression, sublimation, and acting out. Trauma is portrayed not only as an individual experience but also as a collective wound affecting families and communities, which manifests in symbolic actions like the Kamisan protest. The novel serves as a cathartic space and cultural archive that voices historical wounds while advocating for justice and social recovery. Thus, Laut Bercerita functions not only as a literary work but also as a reflective medium for understanding and preserving the nation's collective trauma.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of load balancing implementation on website service performance to enhance system efficiency and reliability. The research object is a website accessed through seven service endpoints: Login, Homepage, Blog, About, Shop, Contact, and Post Checkout, with a total of 3,500 requests. The testing was conducted under two scenarios: a single server architecture and an architecture utilizing a load balancer (HAProxy) implementing the Round Robin algorithm. The testing method employed Apache JMeter to simulate load and measure various performance parameters, including average response time, throughput, standard deviation, bandwidth usage, average response size, and error rate. The results indicate that the use of a load balancer significantly reduced the average response time from 7,551 ms to 3,278 ms, increased throughput from 12.5 to 27.3 requests per second, and improved response time stability by reducing standard deviation across all endpoints. Bandwidth usage also increased without changes in average response size, with the error rate remaining at 0% in both scenarios. The study concludes that implementing load balancing with HAProxy effectively enhances website service performance in terms of efficiency, capacity, and system stability, and is recommended as a performance improvement solution in resource-constrained environments.