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This study aims to determine whether the Penal and Non-Penal Integral Policy can be implemented to increase the effectiveness of eradicating online gambling crimes and to determine the obstacles faced by the local government in implementing the Integral Policy on Online Gambling Crimes in Surakarta. This type of research uses empirical legal research, with a descriptive research nature. The research location is at the Surakarta Police, Surakarta City. The types and sources of data in the study consist of two types, primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques are by observation, interview, and decision study techniques. The results of this study show that the causes of the rampant online gambling in the Surakarta Police area are economic problems, community disobedience to the law, morality factors, low Human Resources (HR), and tradition. The eradication of online gambling in the Surakarta Police area can be said to be effective, although in reality online gambling continues to grow, but during the last five years (2020-2025) there has only been one case file handled regarding online gambling, However, the role of the Police in handling online gambling cases is still limited, so that the perpetrators of gambling are only subject to Article 303 of the Criminal Code concerning gambling. and in handling online gambling cases, there are various obstacles found in the field, both in terms of time, costs and processes that are not easy to imagine.

This study explores the integration of indigenous spiritual knowledge into modern environmental ethics, focusing on the role of traditional ecological wisdom, spiritual cosmology, and stewardship practices in promoting sustainability. Indigenous worldviews often emphasize the interconnectedness between humans, the spirit world, and nature, viewing these relationships as sacred and reciprocal. This paper highlights the philosophical contributions of indigenous environmental ethics, which contrast with Western anthropocentric frameworks, offering a more holistic, spiritual, and culturally embedded perspective on ecological stewardship. Through a qualitative comparative approach, the study examines indigenous practices such as those found in the Anishinaabe philosophy of mino-mnaamodzawin and the Sarnaism faith of the Oraon community, demonstrating how spiritual connections to nature foster a deep sense of responsibility and environmental ethics. Additionally, the study discusses the challenges of integrating indigenous spiritual principles into Western academic and policy frameworks, including issues of cultural appropriation and the preservation of traditional knowledge. The research further explores potential strategies for collaboration, emphasizing community-driven approaches that respect and incorporate indigenous knowledge into global environmental governance. This integration can lead to more inclusive and sustainable environmental practices that honor both ecological balance and cultural heritage. The findings suggest that indigenous spiritual knowledge offers essential insights into creating a more sustainable and ethical approach to environmental challenges, providing a model for future policy development and global ecological strategies.

The film Prisoners (2013), directed by Denis Villeneuve, presents a complex portrayal of emotional intensity, moral ambiguity, and psychological struggle in the aftermath of a child kidnapping. Conflict becomes the central element that shapes the characters, drives the storyline, and raises important questions about justice, resilience, and ethical boundaries. This study aims to explore the internal and external conflicts found in Prisoners, and how these tensions reflect challenges often encountered in real life. Using a descriptive qualitative method and based on William Kenney’s theory of conflict, the research closely analyzes key scenes and character interactions to identify patterns of tension and confrontation. The results show that Prisoners features 15 conflict events: internal conflict (26.67%), man vs. man (33.33%),man vs. society (26.67%), and man vs. nature (13.33%), with with man vs. man emerging as the most dominant, emphasizing the focus on intense personal struggles and confrontations between characters. The findings suggest that Prisoners (2013) uses conflict not just as a narrative device, but also as a way to invite the audience to reflect on moral choices, human limits, and the emotional cost of seeking justice in moments of crisis.

Lau Kawar Lake, a natural tourism area located on the slopes of Mount Sinabung in Karo Regency, North Sumatra, holds significant potential for the development of nature and culture-based tourism. However, the growth in tourist visits has not yet met expectations due to limited accessibility across various dimensions. This study aims to formulate strategies for improving physical, informational, and institutional accessibility in support of sustainable regional development.The research adopts a mixed methods approach, emphasizing primary data collection through field observations, interviews with key stakeholders and village officials, as well as surveys of 60 tourist respondents. Findings reveal that, overall, the three dimensions of accessibility are still rated as "fair," with average scores ranging from 3.28 to 3.36. The main barriers identified include inadequate road infra-structure within the area, lack of dedicated public transportation for tourists, limited official digital promotional content, and weak institutional coordination in area management. A synthesis of the quantitative and qualitative results indicates that the development of Lau Kawar Lake requires an integrative approach that combines spatial planning, community-based governance, and local policy interventions.Based on these findings, several strategic recommendations are proposed: (1) improvement of access roads and landslide-prone areas through Special Allocation Fund (DAK) for infrastructure; (2) provision of dedicated public transportation for tourists with fixed routes and schedules from the nearest city center; (3) installation of directional signs and visual information boards in aesthetically pleasing formats and bilingual language; (4) establishment of a Digital Promotion Team involving local actors and institutions; (5) capacity-building programs for the community in tourism services, home stay management, and culinary entrepreneurship; and (6) formation of a Cross-Sectoral Accessibility Coordination Forum for Lau Kawar Tourism as a medium-term planning and monitoring platform.This study contributes contextually to strengthening the accessibility dimension as a key prerequisite for advancing local tourism destinations towards sustainable, inclusive, and locally grounded development.

This study explores the effectiveness of role play as a teaching method to enhance students' speaking skills in professional secretarial contexts, specifically in business telephone conversations, presentations, and negotiations. The research was conducted within the Diploma III Secretarial Program over one academic semester. Employing a qualitative methodology, the study involved classroom observations and student reflections gathered through feedback sessions. The objective was to assess how role play could contribute to the development of fluency, confidence, and contextual language use in English for specific professional purposes. The findings revealed that role play significantly improved students' speaking performance. Students showed greater confidence in expressing ideas, improved fluency, and a better understanding of appropriate vocabulary and expressions suited to professional environments. Furthermore, students expressed that the interactive and practical nature of role play made learning more enjoyable and less intimidating, allowing them to immerse themselves in real-life communication scenarios. These positive experiences encouraged active participation and increased motivation to learn English for professional use. The study also highlighted the value of reflective learning, as students were able to identify their own progress and areas for improvement. Through continuous engagement in simulated professional tasks, learners developed better adaptability in communication and exhibited more natural conversational flow during tasks that mirrored real workplace situations. In conclusion, the role play method proves to be a highly effective pedagogical tool for enhancing speaking skills in secretarial English. It not only helps build linguistic competence but also cultivates soft skills necessary for professional communication. Therefore, it is recommended that educators incorporate role play regularly in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) curricula to maximize its benefits in developing productive speaking abilities among students.

Growth rapid computing cloud, especially on academic, government, and service platforms. public, has trigger improvement frequency and complexity Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. Intelligent DDoS attacks AI based capable copy pattern Then cross user valid, so that difficult detected and mitigated. The majority approach mitigation moment This nature reactive, no scalable, and tends to sacrifice availability service for authorized users. Research​ This aiming develop architecture proactive and adaptive defense​ For ensure continuity service during attack ongoing. Security model proposed hybrid​ integrating Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA), adaptive bandwidth control, and isolation service container -based. Architecture consists of from three layer Main: (1) ZTA Policy Engine which performs verification identity and assessment behavior through tokens and policies intelligent; (2) Adaptive Bandwidth Load Balancer which automatically dynamic separate and arrange Then cross based on reputation and level trust ; and (3) Containerized Service Cluster which groups request to in different containers For user trusted and not known . Components addition such as blockchain -based smart contracts are used For recording request and verification access , as well as lightweight AI module used for profiling then cross in real-time. Simulation results show that this model succeed increase availability service for user trusted during attack , press false positive rate , as well as optimize allocation source power. Integration of zero trust policies with intelligence Then cross and segmentation service in real-time forming framework effective and scalable defense​ to modern DDoS threats . In conclusion , the study This contributes a robust , adaptive , and modular architectural model for maintain continuity cloud services in condition network at risk .

Generation Alpha is growing up in an era dominated by rapid technological advancement and digital interaction, which necessitates the development of innovative, engaging, and interactive learning strategies. This need extends to Christian Religious Education (CRE), where traditional methods may no longer fully capture the attention or meet the learning styles of today's children. One promising approach is the adaptation of Labubu dolls as a learning medium within the CRE curriculum. With their distinctive, expressive features, Labubu dolls can serve as an effective pedagogical tool to convey Christian values in a manner that is both relatable and captivating for young learners. This article explores the integration of Labubu dolls into Christian Religious Education as a medium to enhance student engagement, comprehension, and internalization of core religious values. Using a qualitative research design with a constructivist approach, the study investigates how puppetry, particularly through Labubu dolls, can transform abstract theological ideas into concrete, child-friendly learning experiences. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and reflective practices involving teachers and students in early education settings. Findings indicate that the incorporation of storytelling, character interaction, and reflective dialogue facilitated by Labubu dolls significantly improves children's understanding of Christian principles. The dolls create a dynamic learning environment that encourages emotional connection, moral reasoning, and active participation. Furthermore, the playful yet structured nature of puppet-based instruction aligns well with the cognitive and emotional development of Generation Alpha, making it a highly relevant educational innovation. In conclusion, the use of Labubu dolls within the Christian Religious Education curriculum represents a strategic response to contemporary educational challenges. It not only enhances pedagogical effectiveness but also supports the formation of Christian character and faith from an early age, positioning Labubu dolls as a transformative medium for religious instruction in the digital age.

This study aims to examine whether there is a correlation between the hedonistic lifestyle of STIE Bima students and their aspiration to purchase an iPhone. The hedonistic lifestyle, which focuses on the pursuit of pleasure and instant gratification, often drives individuals to acquire luxury and prestigious items such as the iPhone. However, issues related to the product, such as fast battery drainage, poor performance, and blocked IMEI, have been documented by users. These problems can affect the brand image and purchasing intentions. Furthermore, the temporary nature of hedonistic pleasure causes consumers to continually seek new products to fulfill their emotional desires, which could influence their purchasing decisions. Additionally, negative perceptions of a product’s value, price, or quality may lead consumers to hesitate in making a purchase. Therefore, it is essential to understand how the hedonistic factor interacts with the intention to buy a specific product, particularly among students who are often the primary consumers of electronic products like the iPhone. This study uses a quantitative method with an associative research strategy to explain the relationship between a hedonistic lifestyle and purchase intention. A total of 96 STIE Bima students were selected as the sample, using the Lemeshow algorithm. Data were collected through questionnaires, direct observation, and literature review. Data analysis was performed using various statistical methods, including validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests (such as normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation), as well as multiple linear regression analysis. t-tests (both partial and simultaneous) were used to test the impact of each variable on purchase intention. Correlation coefficients were used to measure the strength of relationships between the variables studied. The results of this study are expected to provide insights into how a hedonistic lifestyle influences iPhone purchasing decisions among students.

This research explores the effectiveness of heuristic techniques for solving combinatorial optimization problems, with a particular focus on the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). Combinatorial optimization is a critical area of study, especially in fields like computer science, engineering, and economics, where finding optimal solutions from a finite set of possibilities is crucial. However, the NP-hard nature of many combinatorial problems, such as the TSP, makes traditional exact methods like Branch-and-Bound and Dynamic Programming computationally expensive and inefficient for larger problem sizes. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the performance of heuristic methods, including Simulated Annealing (SA), Genetic Algorithms (GA), and Iterative Computation techniques, such as Tabu Search (TS) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). These methods are tested for their ability to provide approximate solutions efficiently. The findings reveal that while ACO provided the best solution quality, it had the longest runtime. TS was the fastest, though with slightly lower solution quality. SA and GA demonstrated a balance between solution quality and computational efficiency, but their performance heavily depended on parameter tuning. The hybridization of SA and GA showed potential for improving solution quality but introduced additional complexity. The research concludes that heuristic methods, especially when combined, offer viable solutions for large-scale combinatorial optimization problems, though the trade-off between solution quality and computational time must be considered when selecting an algorithm.

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes through the implementation of the cooperative learning model of the jigsaw type in science instruction for Grade V students at SDN 76/IX Muaro Jambi. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) using the Kemmis & McTaggart model, which consists of four stages: planning, action, observation, and reflection. The research was conducted in two cycles to measure progressive improvements in student learning outcomes. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, and documentation. The subjects were all 20 students of Grade V at SDN 76/IX Muaro Jambi. In the pre-cycle stage, before the intervention, only 25% of the students achieved satisfactory learning outcomes, which was categorized as "not yet meeting expectations." After the implementation of the first cycle, student achievement improved to 50%, falling into the category of "approaching fairly successful." However, this result had not yet reached the expected level of success. In the second cycle, the application of the jigsaw-type cooperative learning model was further optimized. The results showed a significant increase, with 80% of students achieving successful outcomes, which was categorized as "approaching highly successful." This improvement demonstrates that the jigsaw model effectively enhances student engagement, individual and group accountability, and conceptual understanding in science learning. Therefore, this study concludes that the cooperative learning model of the jigsaw type has a positive impact on improving student learning outcomes in science. The researcher recommends that teachers, especially in science and religious education (PAI), adopt the jigsaw learning model as a strategic alternative to foster an active, enjoyable, and meaningful learning process. The collaborative nature of the model encourages students to take responsibility for their own learning and for helping their peers, creating a more supportive and productive classroom environment.

Teachers face complex emotional challenges in the workplace, particularly when dealing with the dynamic nature of Generation Z students. Without adequate emotional regulation skills, teachers are at risk of prolonged stress and burnout. This community service activity aims to improve teachers' emotional regulation skills through training based on Gross's (2003) theory, which includes techniques for recognizing, managing, and responding to emotions adaptively. The activity was conducted at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Palembang and attended by 30 teachers. The training method included delivering material and practicing emotional regulation in six structured sessions. Results showed that participants were enthusiastic, actively engaged in the practice, and acknowledged their increased understanding and skills in managing negative emotions. Participant reflections indicated that the training helped maintain mental health and increased readiness to face work pressure. In addition, the sessions fostered a supportive environment where teachers could share their emotional experiences and develop mutual empathy. Feedback from participants emphasized the relevance of emotional regulation in daily teaching tasks, including classroom management, dealing with students’ behavior, and interacting with colleagues and parents. However, challenges remain in implementing emotional regulation due to minimal institutional support and limited follow-up programs. Therefore, it is important for this type of training to be integrated into teacher professional development programs and supported by school policies. This activity demonstrates that strengthening teachers' emotional aspects is a strategic step in improving the overall quality of education. Future efforts should involve collaboration with school leadership to institutionalize emotional support mechanisms and conduct longitudinal evaluations to measure sustained impact. Overall, the training offers a promising model for enhancing teacher well-being and professional resilience in demanding educational environments.

Diabetic foot ulcers represent one of the most serious long-term complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, often contributing to increased rates of morbidity and mortality, while significantly impairing patients' quality of life. Among the various underlying causes, peripheral neuropathy and vascular disorders (vasculopathy) are frequently linked to dyslipidemia. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, along with the prevalence of diabetic foot ulcers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A descriptive retrospective approach was used by analyzing medical record data collected from Dr. H. Chasan Boesoirie General Hospital in Ternate. The findings indicated that the majority of patients with type 2 diabetes were aged 45 years or older (80%) and were predominantly female (60%). In terms of lipid profiles, most patients exhibited normal total cholesterol levels (82.2%) and normal triglyceride levels (51.1%). Despite these normal lipid values, a significant portion of the patients (53.3%) were identified as being at risk of developing diabetic foot ulcers. These results suggest that while dyslipidemia is commonly implicated in the development of diabetic foot complications, normal lipid levels do not necessarily eliminate the risk. The study concludes that the typical profile of type 2 DM patients includes those aged ≥ 45 years, females, and individuals with normal cholesterol and triglyceride levels who are still susceptible to diabetic foot ulcers. This highlights the multifactorial nature of diabetic foot ulcer development and underscores the importance of comprehensive risk assessments beyond lipid profile evaluation alone in diabetic patient care.

Every air traveler needs to understand the importance of dangerous goods. By understanding the nature and risks of these items, precautions can be taken to prevent accidents and ensure safe travel for all. In practice, numerous passengers have experienced delays at security checkpoints due to carrying prohibited or restricted items such as lighters, sharp tools like scissors, aerosols, and high-capacity power banks. These incidents not only disrupt airport operations but also highlight gaps in public awareness regarding aviation safety regulations.This study aims to examine the influence of knowledge about dangerous goods on flight safety, with a focus on passengers traveling through El-Tari Airport in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. A quantitative research method was employed by distributing 100 structured questionnaires to respondents using purposive sampling, targeting passengers with prior flight experience. Data analysis techniques included simple linear regression, T-tests, and the coefficient of determination (R²) to assess the relationship between knowledge levels and safety behavior. The findings show that knowledge about dangerous goods (variable X) significantly influences passenger safety behavior (variable Y), evidenced by a p-value of 0.000. This indicates a strong and positive correlation, where better knowledge leads to more responsible behavior during air travel. The R-square value of 0.530 suggests that 53% of variations in safety behavior can be explained by knowledge, while the remaining 47% may be influenced by other factors such as attitudes, past experiences, signage visibility, and staff communication.These findings underscore the urgent need for intensified public education efforts at airports through visual campaigns, digital information, and pre-flight reminders. Improving passenger knowledge about dangerous goods can significantly enhance overall flight safety and reduce the risk of delays or violations. Future research could explore the role of demographic factors or the effectiveness of current educational strategies.

This study aims to analyze product innovations in the Musyarakah contract applied by Islamic financial institutions in Indonesia. The research uses a qualitative descriptive method with case studies from several Islamic banks. Data were collected through documentation and interviews with practitioners. The study found that innovations in Musyarakah products are largely driven by the need to enhance competitiveness and address the unique demands of the Indonesian market, particularly among micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs)  Several banks have modified the classical Musyarakah structure to align with customer preferences and regulatory standards. For instance, some institutions implement tiered profit-sharing mechanisms, structured financing tenures, and integration with digital banking platforms to improve accessibility and monitoring. In addition, hybrid contracts that combine Musyarakah with other contracts, such as Ijarah or Murabahah, are increasingly used to create more flexible and customer-friendly financing solutions. Practitioners interviewed noted that one of the main challenges in implementing Musyarakah-based products is the higher operational and monitoring cost, due to the nature of partnership-based risk-sharing. However, these challenges are being addressed through technological innovation, such as mobile applications that help track business performance and automate profit-sharing calculations. The study concludes that product innovation in Musyarakah financing can enhance the inclusivity and effectiveness of Islamic banking in Indonesia, especially in supporting entrepreneurial sectors. Nevertheless, standardization, regulatory support, and continued investment in human resource capacity remain critical for sustained innovation. Future research may explore the customer perception of Musyarakah products, the impact of these innovations on financial performance, and comparative studies with conventional financing models.

This research investigates the underlying factors that shape the interest of students from the 2024 cohort in enrolling in the Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering Education Program at the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang. Utilizing a descriptive quantitative methodology, data were gathered through a structured, closed-ended questionnaire administered to the entire cohort, which consisted of 89 students. The analysis reveals that the overall level of student interest is categorized as high, with a notable percentage of 55%. Several key variables were identified as influential: (1) self-awareness factors encompassing physical capabilities, intellectual aptitude, intrinsic motivation, and innate talent were rated in the very high category at 56%; (2) familial influences such as the provision of information, emotional support, and parenting styles also ranked very high at 46%; (3) school-related elements including the accessibility of school information systems, teacher roles, peer dynamics, and hands on learning experiences were classified in the high category with 44%; and (4) social media engagement specifically the frequency of use and the quality of educational content was likewise in the high category, scoring 48%. These findings underscore the multifaceted nature of student decision-making, with self-awareness emerging as the most prominent determinant in shaping academic program choices. The study highlights the need for educational institutions to consider these interrelated dimensions when developing recruitment strategies and academic guidance frameworks.

This study aims to examine and provide solutions to legal issues arising from TJSL regulations in Indonesia. In addition, this study aims to examine the reconstruction of TJSL regulations for limited liability companies in support of SDGs based on Government Regulation No. 47 of 2012. This research is a type of legal research. It analyzes the relationship between legal rules and recommends changes to deficiencies in regulations. This research is prescriptive in nature. It uses a legislative approach. In addition, this research uses a conceptual approach. Based on this research, it was found that legal issues arising from TJSL regulations in Indonesia exist in various aspects. There are various legal issues arising from TJSL regulations in Indonesia, such as inconsistency and fragmentation in regulations, unclear sanctions, and the absence of a special body or institution to oversee TJSL. The government, in this case the president, needs to reconstruct TJSL regulations by establishing a thematic TJSL program that integrates the 17 SDGs into the TJSL program. The reconstruction of TJSL regulations must be carried out in PP 47/2012 by establishing thematic TJSL programs to ensure the implementation of TJSL is targeted and supports the achievement of the SDGs.

Abstract: This study investigates the impact of social media marketing (SMM) on brand awareness,brand engagement, and purchase intention across five emerging European economies: Albania,Kosovo, Romania, Ukraine, and North Macedonia. Anchored in the Uses and Gratifications Theory(UGT) and the Consumer Brand Engagement (CBE) model, the research employs Partial LeastSquares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine the complex interrelationships amongthese constructs. Findings reveal that SMM positively influences brand awareness and engagement,both of which significantly mediate the relationship between SMM and purchase intention.Importantly, the strength and nature of these effects vary by country, underscoring the role ofcultural and contextual factors in shaping consumer responses to digital marketing stimuli. Thiscross-national analysis fills a critical gap in the literature by focusing on underrepresented, highgrowth markets and offers valuable implications for both theory and practice. Specifically, itadvocates for localized, culturally sensitive SMM strategies that emphasize both visibility andinteractive engagement. The study contributes to the broader marketing discourse by demonstratinghow consumer behavior in digitally connected, developing economies diverges from that in maturemarkets, thereby reinforcing the necessity of context-aware digital marketing frameworks in globalstrategy formulation.

This study was conducted to examine how well the use of augmented reality (AR) learning tools helps fifth-grade elementary school students understand mathematical concepts related to fractions.. The research was motivated by students' limited comprehension of the abstract nature of fractions and the lack of engaging educational tools capable of presenting the material in a meaningful and interactive way. Augmented reality is believed to improve student engagement and offer more appealing visual representations by integrating virtual elements into the real-world environment. A total of 30 students I participated in this study, which used a quasi-experimental design with a One Group Pretest-Posttest method. Information was collected through pre-tests, post-tests, written notes, and observations. We used SPSS software to analyze the data. The results showed that students' grades improved significantly, with the average increasing from 54.80 in the pretest to 91.83 in the posttest. The normality test indicated that while pretest scores were approximately normally distributed, the posttest scores followed a normal distribution. A one-sample t-test showed a statistically significant effect of AR media usage, with a p-value of 0.000 and t-values substantially higher than the critical value (pretest: 32.439; posttest: 112.071). These results suggest that AR-based instructional media are effective in supporting elementary students’ understanding of fraction concepts. Overall, the study confirms the positive impact of augmented reality in mathematics learning for fifth-grade students.

Educational supervision serves as a key instrument in improving educational quality; however, its implementation in elementary schools often faces systemic challenges that affect teacher performance and learning quality. This study aims to analyze the implementation of educational supervision by school principals to improve the performance of Catholic Religious Education (CRE) teachers in enhancing educational quality at Inpres Natarita Elementary School. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with the school principal and CRE teacher as research subjects. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation. Data analysis used the interactive model of Miles and Huberman with stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing.The findings reveal significant disparities between the implementation of administrative supervision and academic supervision. Administrative supervision is consistently implemented but remains procedural-mechanistic in nature, while academic supervision experiences systematic deficits with minimal frequency (once per semester). This condition impacts the competence-performance gap phenomenon in CRE teacher performance, characterized by the dominance of lecture methods, limited learning innovation, and minimal professional initiative. Educational quality shows acceptable achievement in graduation rates but has not been optimal in potential realization and educational value-added.Educational supervision at SDI Natarita has not achieved optimal effectiveness due to a paradigm that remains compliance-oriented rather than development-oriented. A fundamental reorientation toward holistic and transformative supervision is needed to optimize teacher performance and educational quality.

Receivable disputes may be resolved through bankruptcy mechanisms that culminate in a bankruptcy ruling. However, legal issues may still arise post-verdict, such as in Commercial Court Decision Number 18/Pdt.Sus-Renvoi/2023/PN Niaga Mdn, where the receivable claim filed by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry was rejected due to late submission. In resolving the case, the judge considered two legal principles: erga omnes and promulgatie. This paper aims to examine the position of these principles in bankruptcy cases and analyze the judge’s legal reasoning regarding the late submission of receivables under Indonesian bankruptcy law. This study uses a normative juridical approach, with the research specification being analytical-descriptive in nature. The data are secondary in form and are collected through literature review. The method of data analysis employed is qualitative normative analysis. The findings of this study show that the erga omnes and promulgatie principles hold a significant position within Indonesian bankruptcy law. These principles are implicitly reflected in Article 15 paragraph (4) and Article 24 paragraph (1) of the Bankruptcy Law (UUKPKPU). These principles apply insofar as there are no specific provisions limiting their application. In this case, the judge's legal reasoning in deciding the renvoi procedure is deemed inaccurate because there is a specific provision that governs the late submission of receivable claims. Therefore, the application of the erga omnes and promulgatie principles should have been subject to such limitation.