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Evacuation planning in spatial networks requires the identification of critical nodes that maintain connectivity, accessibility, and flow distribution during emergency situations. Existing approaches often rely on individual centrality measures, which capture only a single structural dimension of node importance and may therefore produce incomplete or biased prioritization. To address this limitation, this study proposes a Composite Centrality Framework for identifying critical nodes in meso-scale spatial networks with semi-structured connectivity. The network is modeled as a weighted undirected graph, and Degree, Betweenness, and Closeness Centrality are integrated into a unified composite index to capture complementary structural roles. The framework is implemented in MATLAB and evaluated using a real-world campus spatial network consisting of 30 nodes and a synthetic network comprising 16 nodes with comparable structural characteristics. The results reveal a highly uneven distribution of node importance, with a small set of structurally dominant nodes consistently identified across both networks. In the campus network, node P1 achieves the highest composite centrality score (0.2195) and ranks first across the individual centrality measures, indicating its dominant role in maintaining network connectivity, accessibility, and flow distribution. Quantitative evaluation demonstrates strong agreement between the composite ranking and the individual measures, with Spearman rank correlation coefficients of 0.94, 0.89, and 0.91 for Degree, Betweenness, and Closeness Centrality, respectively. However, only one node (P1) appears simultaneously in the top five of all rankings, highlighting the complementary nature of the individual centrality measures and supporting the need for multi-criteria integration. Sensitivity analysis across three weighting scenarios yields rank correlations exceeding 0.97, confirming ranking stability and methodological robustness. Overall, the proposed framework provides a balanced and reliable approach for identifying critical nodes and demonstrates potential applicability to evacuation planning and spatial network analysis in semi-structured environments.

Background: Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder characterized by positive psychotic symptoms (such as hallucinations) and negative symptoms accompanied by cognitive decline. Auditory hallucinations represent the most common positive symptom, occurring in more than 75% of patients with schizophrenia. Objective: This study aimed to describe the comprehensive nursing care for Mr. F with a primary problem of perceptual sensory disorder: auditory hallucinations due to undifferentiated schizophrenia at Gatot Kaca Ward, RSJD dr. Amino Gondohutomo, Central Java Province. Method: This study used a descriptive method with a nursing process approach, including assessment, nursing diagnosis, intervention planning, implementation, and evaluation. Data collection was carried out through interview, observation, and literature study. Results: Nursing problems identified were: perceptual sensory disorder (auditory hallucinations) as the core problem, social isolation (withdrawal) as the causa, risk of violent behavior as the effect, and self-care deficit as an accompanying problem. Nursing interventions were conducted using the implementation strategy (SP) 1, 2, and 3 for hallucinations and SP 1 for self-care deficit. Conclusion: After 4 days of nursing implementation, 2 out of 4 nursing diagnoses were resolved: perceptual sensory disorder (auditory hallucinations) and self-care deficit, while social isolation (withdrawal) and risk of violent behavior remained unresolved. Patients with hallucinations are expected to be able to control hallucinations using the methods that have been taught.

Background: Gout arthritis is a metabolic disease caused by excessive uric acid levels in the blood (hyperuricemia), which leads to monosodium urate crystal deposition in the joints. Globally, the prevalence of gout arthritis ranges from 1–4% of the general population. In Indonesia, the national prevalence reaches approximately 7.3% based on medical diagnosis, and in Brebes Regency, cases reach 62.4%. At the Tonjong Health Center service area, the prevalence of gout arthritis in Karanganyar Hamlet, Tonjong Village, reaches 2.04%. Gout arthritis requires comprehensive nursing care including pain management and health education to prevent recurrence. Objective: To implement nursing care for Ny. S, family of Tn. S, with musculoskeletal system disorder: gout arthritis in Karanganyar Hamlet, Tonjong Village, Tonjong District, Brebes Regency. Method: This study used a case study design with a single patient/family subject. Data collection was conducted through interview, observation, physical examination, and study documentation on December 26–27, 2025 at the patient's home. Results: Assessment revealed Ny. S (72 years) experienced acute pain in the right knee joint with a pain scale of 3/10 and uric acid level of 7.3 mg/dL, along with knowledge deficit regarding gout arthritis. Two nursing diagnoses were established: acute pain and knowledge deficit. Nursing interventions included pain management education, non-pharmacological therapy (turmeric decoction), pharmacological therapy (allopurinol), and health education. Implementation was conducted over two visits. Evaluation results showed that acute pain was partially resolved (pain scale reduced to 2/10, uric acid 7.2 mg/dL) and knowledge deficit was resolved. Conclusion: Nursing care for patients with gout arthritis through pain management and health education can reduce pain intensity and improve family knowledge about the disease. Non-pharmacological intervention with turmeric decoction contributed to decreasing uric acid levels and pain. Keywords: gout arthritis, acute pain, knowledge deficit, family nursing care, non-pharmacological therapy

This study aims to: (1) describe Employee Performance, Work Climate, and Employee Engagement; and (2) analyze the influence of Work Climate and Employee Engagement on Employee Performance, both partially and simultaneously. The population of this study consisted of all employees of the Ministry of Religious Affairs Office of Sikka Regency, totaling 189 employees. Since the population size was relatively large, the sampling technique used was probability sampling with a simple random sampling method. The sample size was determined using the Slovin formula, resulting in 65 respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods, namely multiple linear regression analysis. Hypothesis testing was conducted using the F-test and t-test. The results of the descriptive analysis indicate that Employee Performance is categorized as good, Work Climate is categorized as good, and Employee Engagement is also categorized as good. The results of the t-test show that Work Climate has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance. Furthermore, Employee Engagement also has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance. The results of the F-test indicate that Work Climate and Employee Engagement simultaneously have a significant effect on Employee Performance. The coefficient of determination analysis shows that the two independent variables in this study are able to explain 47.9% of the variation in Employee Performance at the Ministry of Religious Affairs Office of Sikka Regency.

Income inequality is a structural development problem that can trigger social conflict, affect long-term economic growth, and hinder the achievement of SDGs. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that contribute to income inequality in East Java Province by combining demographic, social, and economic factors. The data used includes panel data from 38 districts and cities in East Java Province between 2017 and 2023 period. The analysis method used is panel data regression with a fixed effect model. To measure the effect of variables on income inequality, the testing was conducted partially and simultaneosly. The individual test results show that elderly dependency and poverty have a positive and significant relationship, while the human development index and economic growth are proportional but not significantly, and the open unemployment rate is not significant negative. Simultaneously, all variables have a significant effect on income inequality of 55.67 percent, with the remaining 44.37 percent influenced by variables outside the scope of this study.

Sexuality education is crucial for equipping adolescents and fostering healthy, responsible behavior. Lack of knowledge and understanding regarding sexuality education can increase the risk of sexual behavior, which can impact physical and mental health, and reduce concentration during learning. This activity aims to increase the knowledge of students at SMK Bhakti Indonesia Medika in Pangkalanbun Regency regarding education on preventing sexual harassment in the school environment. The outreach activity was conducted in May 2026 with 43 students aged 15-16 years, using a pretest-posttest method, leaflets, and PowerPoint presentations. The results showed an increase in the average student knowledge score from 50 to 95 after the education. The majority of students were 16 years old, and some had boyfriends. These findings indicate that the education provided in schools is very effective and useful as a warning to take the first step in preventing sexual harassment in the school environment for adolescents. This education can be recommended for regular replication to strengthen a safe and responsive school culture to child protection issues.

Ciberi Beach is a tourist area in Enggros Village, Abepura District, Jayapura City, with significant development potential that draws on its natural resources and local wisdom. This study aims to identify internal and external factors influencing the development of the tourism area and to formulate appropriate development strategies using SWOT analysis. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative techniques, with data collected through field observations, in-depth interviews, and questionnaires distributed to 25 visitors. The findings show that the main strengths are unspoiled natural scenery and community friendliness, while the main weaknesses include inadequate public facilities and poor road access. Key opportunities include ecotourism potential and policy support for spatial planning, while threats include coastal abrasion and unmanaged waste. Based on the SWOT matrix, the strategic position falls in Quadrant I (X = 0.31; Y = 0.51), supporting an aggressive SO strategy. Priority strategies include community-based ecotourism development, digital promotion, collaborative partnerships with universities and NGOs, and regulatory strengthening for sustainable land use. The analysis is grounded in a three-framework theoretical lens comprising the 3A tourism components (Attraction, Accessibility, Amenity), ecotourism principles, and community-based tourism, which together guide the interpretation of SWOT findings and the formulation of strategy.

The Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) is a free school lunch initiative in Indonesia introduced during the administration of Prabowo Subianto. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the government's MBG (Free Nutritious Meal) program on kindergarten students' learning interest through a literature review approach. The background of this study is based on the issue of low student learning interest, which is influenced not only by pedagogical factors but also by physical conditions, particularly nutritional intake. This research employed a qualitative approach using a literature review method. The data sources consisted of scientific articles published within the last five years and accessed through Google Scholar. Data were collected through documentation studies, while thematic synthesis was used for data analysis. The findings indicate that the MBG program has a significant positive impact on improving students' learning interest, particularly in terms of attention, motivation, participation, and attendance. The results also reveal that meeting students' physiological needs contributes to their cognitive and emotional readiness to learn. However, the effectiveness of the program is influenced by the quality of its implementation and management in the field. Therefore, more optimal program management and continuous evaluation are needed to maximize its impact on improving the quality of learning.

The development of digital communication technology has encouraged health institutions to utilize social media as a medium for health promotion and information dissemination. This study aims to analyze the effect of Instagram content management on audience responses at Lakespra dr. Saryanto. The research used a quantitative approach with a survey method involving 60 respondents selected from members of Lakespra dr. Saryanto. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed online and analyzed using validity tests, reliability tests, descriptive statistics, and simple linear regression with IBM SPSS Statistics. The results showed that all questionnaire items were valid and reliable, with Cronbach’s Alpha values of 0.951 for the content management variable and 0.934 for the audience response variable. The regression analysis indicated that Instagram content management had a significant effect on audience responses, with a significance value of 0.000 and an F value of 184.783. The coefficient of determination showed that Instagram content management contributed 76.1% to audience responses, including engagement, understanding of health information, and interest in health services. The findings indicate that visually attractive, informative, and consistent Instagram content can improve audience interaction and support digital health communication effectively.

Improving the quality of graduates in the Doctoral Program in Law requires effective, adaptive, and quality-based higher education governance. This study aims to analyze the role of management performance evaluation in the management of the Doctoral Program in Law based on transformational leadership and a reward system to improve graduate quality. The study used a qualitative method with a literature study approach through analysis of scientific journals, higher education regulations, and literature related to higher education management. The results indicate that management performance evaluation plays a strategic role in measuring the effectiveness of academic governance, research achievements, the quality of educational services, and graduate success. Transformational leadership plays a role in building an innovative, collaborative, and change-responsive academic culture, while the reward system encourages motivation and productivity among the academic community. The integration of performance evaluation, transformational leadership, and the reward system can improve research quality, scientific publications, accelerated study periods, and the competitiveness of doctoral graduates in law. This study recommends the development of an evaluation system based on key performance indicators integrated with digital transformation and a sustainable reward policy to create superior and quality-oriented management of the Doctoral Program in Law.

Advances in digital technology are driving universities to prepare students who are not only capable of becoming job seekers but also job creators through technology-based ventures. Technopreneurship has become a key approach because it combines entrepreneurial skills, technology, creativity, and innovation to create products or services with economic value. This study aims to analyze strategies for developing student technopreneurship in the digital era through entrepreneurship education, digital literacy, and business incubation. The method used is a literature review employing a descriptive qualitative approach through the examination of various scientific journals, books, and relevant academic sources. The findings indicate that entrepreneurship education serves as the foundation for shaping students’ mindset, motivation, and skills as prospective technopreneurs. Digital literacy supports students’ ability to leverage social media, e-commerce, digital platforms, and information technology to expand markets and enhance business efficiency. Meanwhile, business incubation serves as a mentoring mechanism that bridges university learning with real-world business practices. Thus, the development of student technopreneurship must be carried out in an integrated manner through practice-based curricula, the strengthening of digital skills, business mentoring, and collaboration with the government, industry, investors, and the business community.  

This article theologically analyzes the role of the Holy Spirit in the lives of believers through a study of the doctrine of pneumatology, traced from the testimony of Scripture to its impact on the practice of Christian faith. The purpose of this study is to explain how the work of the Holy Spirit is understood not merely as a theological concept, but also as a spiritual reality that shapes the identity, character, and dynamics of believers’ service. The method employed is qualitative research with a library research approach, involving the analysis of relevant theological and biblical sources to construct a conceptual framework concerning the work of the Holy Spirit in guidance, conviction, the sealing of salvation, spiritual transformation, and empowerment in ministry. This research is necessary because there remains a limited understanding of pneumatology that tends to be doctrinal and disconnected from concrete faith experiences. The findings of this study indicate that the presence of the Holy Spirit plays a vital role in leading believers into truth, forming Christian character, strengthening their identity as children of God, and empowering them to serve effectively within the community. Therefore, pneumatology holds significant practical relevance in fostering a dynamic, reflective, and transformative life of faith in the contemporary Christian context.

Indonesia is currently experiencing an emergency situation regarding sexual violence, which compromises national social resilience. The enactment of the Sexual Violence Crimes Law (UU TPKS) creates new legal mandates for healthcare professionals. Midwives, serving as frontline providers in primary care and remote areas, act as the first professional contact for survivors, yet they lack adequate legal certainty regarding medico-legal duties and preparedness within the midwifery educational framework. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the regulatory synchronization concerning the limited medico-legal authority of midwives in implementing the UU TPKS and to formulate reconstruction strategies for professional standards and the national midwifery curriculum. Methods: This normative juridical (doctrinal) research utilizes statute, conceptual, analytical, and comparative approaches. Data analysis was conducted qualitatively-normatively through systematic and teleological interpretations, evaluated using coherence and prescriptive frameworks. Results: The study reveals a significant disharmony of norms between the UU TPKS and Minister of Health Regulation (Permenkes) No. 2 of 2025, which imposes bureaucratic barriers on safe abortion access for rape victims. Additionally, the Midwife Professional Standards (Kepmenkes No. 320/2020) fail to integrate basic clinical forensic authorities, compounded by a national techno-centric curriculum that overlooks Trauma-Informed Care (TIC). Conclusions: Legal certainty for midwives and comprehensive justice for survivors can only be accomplished by reconstructing inclusive competency standards, eliminating administrative boundaries through the "Medical First" principle, and integrating primary health law and trauma-sensitive care modules into the national midwifery curriculum.

Chemical exposure during the dyeing process in the Textile industry has the potential to cause health problems, particularly allergic reactions mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE). Non-compliance with the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) may increase the risk of chemical exposure through inhalation and skin contact, thereby triggering an allergic immune response characterized by elevated total IgE levels in the blood. This study aimed to determine the relationship between compliance with the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and total Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels among Textile industry workers. This research was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 15 Textile industry workers who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, selected using purposive sampling technique. Data on PPE compliance were obtained through questionnaires and interviews, while total IgE levels were measured using the Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay (ECLIA) method. The relationship analysis was conducted using Fisher’s Exact test. The results showed a significant relationship between PPE compliance and total IgE levels (p<0.05). It can be concluded that there is a significant association between compliance with the use of Personal Protective Equipment and total Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels among Textile industry workers.

This study aims to explore how the inquiry approach functions as a pedagogical strategy in Christian Religious Education to enhance students’ spiritual discernment. The background of this research arises from the tendency of learning practices that remain predominantly focused on cognitive aspects, thereby not fully cultivating spiritual sensitivity in life decision-making. This study employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach through a review of theological and pedagogical literature, conceptual analysis, and reflection on classroom learning practices. The analysis focuses on the relationship between the core elements of inquiry questioning, investigating, dialoguing, and reflecting on knowledge and the process of developing the ability to discern God’s will in the real-life contexts of students. The findings indicate that inquiry effectively creates a reflective learning experience that integrates cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions, enabling students not only to understand faith teachings theoretically but also to consider Christian values in concrete situations. This approach encourages active participation, constructive and critical dialogue, and fosters habits of faith reflection, moral sensitivity, and personal responsibility. Thus, inquiry is proven to be a relevant pedagogical method for achieving the theological goal of Christian Religious Education, namely the formation of spiritual discernment that guides students’ attitudes, decisions, and actions in daily life.

This study aims to analyze the role of Christian Religious Education (CRE) teachers as counselors in shaping students’ social behavior amid increasing behavioral deviations such as bullying, violence, misuse of social media, and low tolerance. These phenomena are influenced by internal factors such as emotional instability and identity formation, as well as external factors including family, environment, and digital culture. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method using a library research approach by collecting data from books, scholarly journals, and relevant documents. The findings reveal that CRE teachers play a strategic role not only as educators but also as counselors who accompany students holistically, covering spiritual, moral, emotional, and social aspects. The counseling role performed by CRE teachers includes modeling behavior, mediating conflicts, strengthening self-control, providing social support, and building empathetic relationships with students. Through this approach, students undergo a process of internalizing Christian values such as love, forgiveness, responsibility, and tolerance, which contribute to the development of positive social behavior. Furthermore, collaboration among teachers, parents, and the community serves as a supporting factor in successful character formation. Therefore, the role of CRE teachers as counselors is proven to be effective in shaping students’ social behavior in accordance with moral, social, and religious values, while contributing to the development of a generation with integrity and competitiveness.

This article discusses the dynamics of Christian students’ spirituality in the digital era, characterized by the currents of globalization, information overload, and a culture of virtual communication that influence patterns of thinking, lifestyles, and character formation. The novelty of this study lies in its analysis of the direct relationship between the digital-global context and the process of students’ faith formation through an integrative theological–pedagogical perspective. This research aims to analyze the implications of digital globalization for the spirituality of Christian students and to formulate directions for faith formation that are relevant to the contemporary context. The method employed is a qualitative approach using a library research design through conceptual, theological, and pedagogical analysis of various relevant scholarly sources. The findings indicate that the digital era presents both opportunities and challenges for faith development, in which students experience a dynamic tension between the strengthening of spiritual insight and the potential value crisis resulting from exposure to global ideologies. In conclusion, contextual, reflective, and selective strategies of faith formation are required to ensure that the spirituality of Christian students remains firm, critical, and relevant amid the currents of digital globalization.

A chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance or impaired insulin secretion is classified as type 2 diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of diabetes continues to rise each year and has become one of the major challenges in global health due to its potential to cause serious complications, such as cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, neuropathy, and vision impairment. In addition to pharmacological therapy, the use of herbal plants is increasingly being developed as a complementary therapy because they are considered safer, more readily available, and contain bioactive compounds with potential antidiabetic properties. This review article aims to assess the effectiveness of several herbal plants namely cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), bitter melon (Momordica charantia), and moringa (Moringa oleifera) in aiding the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on various research findings. This study employs a literature review method by collecting and analyzing various national and international scientific publications related to the antidiabetic activity of these four plants. The review results indicate that all plants have potential as adjunct therapies for diabetes because they contain active compounds such as flavonoids, polyphenols, cinnamaldehyde, charantin, quercetin, trigonelline, and saponins, which can help reduce blood glucose levels, optimize cellular response to insulin, increase GLUT4 activity, and help minimize oxidative damage. Based on the study results, moringa and cinnamon plants demonstrated the most consistent effectiveness in contributing to blood sugar control in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, these herbal plants have the potential to be used as complementary therapies in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, their use must still adhere to proper dosing and should not replace primary medical therapy.

This article examines the impact of dehumanization in the era of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the formation of the personality of future priests in light of the teachings of Pastores Dabo Vobis, particular number 43-44, as well as from Philosophical and theological perspectives. The development of AI brings significant changes in the way human think, relate, and build their self-identity. On the one hand, AI offers great opportunities to support intellectual formation through access to information, pastoral simulations, and digital learning. However, on the other hand, the dominance of technology has the potential to cause dehumanization, namely a reduction in the quality of interpersonal relationships, the depth of reflection and sensitivity. This study employs a literature review method, examining relevant theological, philosophical, and scientific literature. The findings indicate that excessive reliance on AI can disrupt the development of the human dimension in seminarians, particularly regarding affective maturity, relational competence, and the integrity of personal identity. From a philosophical perspective, humans are understood as free, rational, and relational beings; thus, reducing humans to mere components of an algorithmic system contradicts their very nature. Meanwhile, theology affirms human dignity as the Imago Dei, which cannot be replaced by technology. Therefore, a critical and prudent formation approach is required, one that positions AI as an aid, not a substitute for human relationships.

Christian religious education teachers act as agents of social, spiritual, and cultural transformation by integrating Christian values ​​into the lives of communities that are still strongly bound to ancestral customs and beliefs. The transformation of customs through contextual evangelism is both a challenge and an opportunity for Christian religious education (PAK) teachers in carrying out their roles as educators and servants of God in a pluralistic society. This study aims to analyze the strategic steps of PAK teachers in integrating Gospel values ​​with local culture without eliminating the identity of the Christian faith or damaging the noble values ​​of customs. The research method used is a qualitative approach and literature study. The results of the study indicate that PAK teachers need to have three main strategic steps, namely contextual understanding by studying in depth the values, symbols, and practices of local customs, a transformational approach, namely presenting Gospel values ​​through education that respects culture but leads to renewal of life and pedagogical implementation through creative and reflective learning methods that foster students' awareness of faith and social responsibility. With this strategy, Christian Religious Education teachers can become agents of transformation, bridging the gap between Christian faith and local culture, ensuring that evangelism is not confrontational but contextual, dialogical, and builds lives rooted in the love of Christ.