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This study aims to determine the Marketing Communication Strategy for Teman Bus Mamminasata Transportation Services on Social Media in Makassar City. The method used is the Qualitative Method using data collection techniques through interviews and documentation, while the targets of this study are the transportation agency, passengers, and the community. The results of this study indicate that the application of Communication Strategy to Teman Bus Maminasata transportation services through social media has not been carried out systematically. It can be seen in several posts on Teman Bus Mamminasata social media accounts that were updated 2 years ago, although the marketing strategy carried out by the transportation agency is in the form of public socialization through forums, visits and events, but this does not affect public interest in using Teman Bus Mamminasata. Therefore, the application of marketing strategies through social media can help managers to easily disseminate information related to tutorials on using Teman Bus Maminasata, as well as the routes taken by this public transportation.

Indonesia is a pluralistic nation because it consists of various tribes, religions, ethnicities, cultures and languages. This diversity is found in various regions spread from Sabang to Meraoke. Every Indonesian citizen is obliged to maintain this diversity by upholding the foundation of the Indonesian state and the motto of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika in order to create national unity. Looking at the existing phenomena and referring to previous research, there are still many undesirable events happening in the environment around us today. Therefore, it is necessary to internalize the values of multicultural education. From the description above, there are three focuses studied in this thesis, namely (1) how is the process of transforming the value of multicultural education in the Kiai Syarifuddin Wonorejo Lumajang boarding school? (2) how is the process of transacting the value of multicultural education in the Kiai Syarifuddin Wonorejo Lumajang boarding school? (3) how is the process of internalizing the value of multicultural education in the Kiai Syarifuddin Wonorejo Lumajang boarding school?. This research uses the type of field research, with a qualitative approach, The research subjects consisted of the head of the cottage, administrators, educators, and students, Data collection techniques were taken from interviews, observation, and documentation. Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that: (1) the value transformation process is educators use an approach to introduce students to good and bad values. (2) the value transaction process is educators conducting two-way communication or interaction between students and educators that are reciprocal. (3) The process of trans-internalization of this value is that the educator in front of the santri is no longer a physical figure, but his personality attitude or personality or mental communication that plays an active role. In this process, educators always provide examples of good values in everyday life.

This study aims to examine how John G. Cawelti's classic detective formula is implemented in Holly Jackson's A Good Girl's Guide to Murder. Using a qualitative descriptive method, this research explores the narrative structure of the novel. The research focuses on how the elements of the formula constructively shape the events that are narrated. Data was collected through reading the novel and note-taking. For the findings, the novel follows the six structural stages outlined in John G. Cawelti (1976) theory: (1) introduction of the detective, (2)crime and clues, (3)investigation, (4)announcement of the solution, (5)explanation of the solution, and (6) denouement. The protagonist of the story is Pippa Fitz-Amobi, a high school student who investigates a long-closed murder case for her school project. The novel adapts classic concepts into a contemporary context through its unique role as a teenage detective. In addition, the conventional detective narrative becomes more innovative by incorporating multimedia formats such as interview transcripts, emails, and diaries. This study found that Jackson's novel successfully blends traditional genre standards with modern storytelling methods, providing a fresh detective experience while maintaining the core structure of classic mystery fiction.

The principle of legality is a legal principle that states that every act may only be subject to sanctions if it has been stipulated in the legislation before the criminal act is committed. The research aims to analyze the necessity of a law before a criminal event occurs; analyze the assessment of an act that is not analogous; analyze the need for the principle of legality to protect individuals from arbitrary actions by judicial officers. The research method is the normative legal method, by adopting conventions, legislation, law books, journals, articles, the internet. Furthermore, comprehensively reviewing the literature so that maximum results are obtained. The results of the research, law enforcement that is fair, pure and consistent is still difficult to achieve considering that many officers still do not fully understand the meaning of the principle of legality so that they often make mistakes in considering imposing criminal sanctions, and often their decisions exceed their authority. Human rights are inherent rights in individuals, so individuals should get their rights. Protection of individual rights is mandated in the 1945 Constitution Article 28G paragraph (1) Article 28H paragraph (1). Legal certainty is a vital element in building an honest and fair legal strategy. It is expected that when laws are created, they should be in accordance with a systematic, democratic mechanism based on empirical observation results, so that errors in the application of the law can be minimized. Thus, all people get legal certainty where their rights are protected and maintained, on the other hand, each individual is aware not to do prohibited acts because every action has logical and firm consequences.  

This research aims to analyze the responsibility of developers and consumers in the pre-project selling agreement if force majeure occurs. And this research aims to analyze the actions or risk mitigation efforts that can be taken by developers and consumers in the pre-project selling agreement if a force majeure event occurs.  The approach used is normative with statutory and comparative methods, relying on primary and secondary legal materials through literature studies. This research uses descriptive analysis, namely describing the impact of force majeure events on pre-project selling agreements that correlate with liability and risk mitigation efforts for developers and consumers. The liability of developers and consumers to risks due to force majeure is that developers and consumers are fully responsible for their rights and obligations in the agreement. Developers are responsible for providing clarity of information according to the agreement, while consumers are responsible for their own actions against risks according to the agreed agreement. Risk mitigation efforts that can be done by developers and consumers are setting force majeure clauses in pre-project selling agreements to protect the interests of developers and consumers and making addendums as an alternative solution that is preventive to legal risks in pre-project selling agreements.    

Batik Tanah Liek is one form of Minangkabau cultural heritage that has a unique coloring process that uses natural materials in the form of clay. This study aims to analyze the business planning of Batik Tanah Liek from two main aspects, namely marketing and finance. The method used is a descriptive approach with secondary data and a five-year financial projection simulation. The marketing strategy is focused on cost-based pricing and digital promotion through social media, participation in cultural events, and partnerships with local business actors. Financial analysis includes profit and loss projections, cash flow, and break-even point (BEP) analysis. The results show that the strategy developed is able to provide significant profit growth potential and healthy cash flow. These findings indicate that Batik Tanah Liek has the potential to develop as a competitive and sustainable local fashion brand.

This article discusses the implementation of FPCI Goes to School (FGTS) 4.0, an educational outreach initiative conducted by the Foreign Policy Community of Indonesia (FPCI) Chapter UPN Veteran Jakarta, with the objective of increasing students’ awareness and understanding of international political dynamics. The initiative addresses the growing need for public literacy on global issues that often have indirect but significant effects on national and local communities, such as trade disruptions and inflation caused by geopolitical conflicts. Using the Russia-Ukraine war as the primary case study, this activity sought to explore how international events influence domestic realities, including the rising cost of grain-based products and the spread of digital propaganda. The program was held at Muhammadiyah 2 Senior High School Jakarta and employed a participatory method involving socialization sessions, group discussions, and pre-test and post-tests evaluations to measure knowledge gain and critical thinking. Findings show that students demonstrated a strong grasp of basic geopolitical knowledge (+90% correct identification) and high level of awareness regarding digital security practices (+95% relevant answers). Slightly lower comprehension was observed in questions requiring simple analytical reasoning about international politics. This activity concludes that early exposure to international political education, delivered through targeted civic engagement programs, is promising to cultivate for a more globally-aware and resilient future citizens. 

Knowledge of fire extinguishers is crucial for enhancing preparedness in the event of a fire, particularly within school environments. This community service activity aims to analyze the knowledge of students at SMAN 4 Surakarta regarding portable fire extinguishers and traditional fire extinguishing tools through an educational approach. The method employed involved a pre-test and post-test design administered to 49 students who participated in a socialization session and a demonstration on the use of fire extinguishers. The results indicated a significant increase in students' knowledge concerning the use of both portable and traditional fire extinguishing tools. This activity not only improved students' understanding but also fostered awareness of the importance of preparedness and individual roles in fire prevention. Direct education combined with practical demonstrations proved to be an effective, engaging, and applicable learning medium. It is hoped that similar programs can be continuously implemented across all schools in Surakarta to cultivate a culture of safety awareness from an early age.

The purpose of this study is to present the concept and implementation of integrative theme learning in the first grade at Kranggot Elementary School. To provide students with meaningful experiences, integrative theme learning combines various skills from various fields and topics. After being given educational materials, the goal is to help students become more proficient in observing, asking questions, reasoning, and presenting what they have learned. Learning objects intersect with artistic, cultural, social, and natural events. Learning efforts that are focused on the developmental stage of elementary school kids, who still view the world holistically and are only able to understand the relationship between ideas fundamentally, namely integrative theme learning. Therefore, students are expected to have much better abilities in attitudes, skills, and knowledge through this integrative theme approach.

Information system security is a crucial aspect in maintaining the confidentiality and integrity of user data. The IITC Intermedia website of Amikom Purwokerto University serves as an information system for national events and stores participants' personal data, necessitating a security evaluation. This study aims to analyze vulnerabilities on the website using the Vulnerability Assessment method with the OWASP ZAP tool. The research process involves data collection, vulnerability scanning, result analysis based on the OWASP Top 10 2021 categories, and providing technical recommendations. The scan results revealed 23 vulnerabilities, consisting of 1 high-risk, 4 medium-risk, 9 low-risk, and 9 informational findings. Among these, 15 vulnerabilities fall under the OWASP Top 10 classification. Key vulnerabilities identified include the use of outdated JavaScript libraries, security header misconfigurations, and weaknesses in session management and access control. Based on these findings, several mitigation measures are recommended to strengthen system security. This study emphasizes the importance of implementing OWASP standards in the development and management of web-based information systems.

The Fatimid Dynasty was an Isma'ili Shia caliphate established in the early 10th century CE, ruling over North Africa and later Egypt. This article examines the legacy of the Fatimid Dynasty, which ruled from 909 to 1171 CE, focusing on their conquest of the Maghreb region and the pivotal takeover of Egypt that marked a significant milestone in their history. Claiming direct descent from Fatimah az-Zahra, the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad, the Fatimids established their capital in Cairo and fostered the growth of Islamic culture and education, including the founding of Al-Azhar University. The article also explores the emergence of the Darazi sect as part of the internal dynamics within Ismaili Shi'ism, which influenced the political and religious landscape of the dynasty. The rise and decline of the Fatimid Dynasty were shaped by both internal challenges and external pressures until its eventual fall in the 12th century. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the political, military, social, and religious aspects that defined the Fatimid Dynasty’s role in Islamic history.

In line with the development of the digital potential of the creative economy, the demand for quality visual content from photography and videography industry players has also increased. However, access to quality photographers and videographers is still a problem for some people. Likewise, photographers and videographers also experience difficulties in getting clients. Photographers and videographers feel that the use of social media has not been maximized in helping them get clients. In addition to these problems, these photographers and videographers also have difficulty in disseminating the events held. To overcome this problem, researchers developed a digital platform that can accommodate the interests of photography and videography service providers, as well as the community of users of these services. The digital platform developed by researchers is named the “Lensa Buana” marketplace application. The development of the Lensa Buana marketplace application uses the prototype system development method. With this application, it is hoped that photography and videography service providers can reach more consumers, while the community as consumers can easily get photography and videography services according to their needs and desired quality.

The problem of the legality of the agreement of the deed of debt and credit agreement into buying and selling requires legal certainty so that no one is harmed. Normative legal certainty is when a regulation is made and promulgated with certainty because it regulates clearly and logically. Clear in the sense that it does not cause doubt (multi-interpretation) and logical in the sense that it becomes a system of norms with other norms so that it does not clash or cause norm conflicts. Norm conflict arising from rule uncertainty can take the form of norm contestation, norm reduction or norm distortion. This research approach is descriptive analytical which describes legal events that occur as they are and conveys these conditions according to theory and legislation. The research method used in the research is empirical juridical which analyzes the Bandung District Court Decision Number: 162/PDT.G/2021/PN.BDG regarding the Legality of the Deed of Sale and Purchase Agreement as Collateral for Debt and Credit Due to Legal Defects. The results of this study show that; AJB, which should be a proof of transfer of land rights in a real sale and purchase transaction, in this case is used to guarantee debt repayment. This is a deviation from the function of the AJB, which is legally unjustified because it contradicts the principle of halal causa (Articles 1335 and 1337 of the Civil Code). Therefore, the AJB made does not meet the elements of a valid causa, and therefore can be canceled or even null and void.

Press criminal law has significant implications in the case of sending a pig's head to the editorial office of Tempo, an event that has drawn attention regarding press freedom and the limits of expression. This research aims to analyze how the provisions of press criminal law can be applied in the context of acts of intimidation against the media as occurred in this case. Employing a normative juridical study method with a case approach, this research will examine potential criminal violations and the relevance of the Press Law in providing protection for press freedom. The main focus of the analysis is to understand the limitations that can be imposed on expression, especially when such actions have the potential to threaten or create fear among journalists. This case is important to evaluate in order to maintain the dignity of the press as a free and independent pillar of democracy. Furthermore, this research is expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of how the legal system responds to actions that can undermine press freedom in Indonesia, as well as provide recommendations for more effective law enforcement in protecting press freedom without neglecting the principles of justice.

The purpose of this study is to present the concept and implementation of integrative theme learning in the first grade at Kranggot Elementary School. To provide students with meaningful experiences, integrative theme learning combines various skills from various fields and topics. After being given educational materials, the goal is to help students become more proficient in observing, asking questions, reasoning, and presenting what they have learned. Learning objects intersect with artistic, cultural, social, and natural events. Learning efforts that are focused on the developmental stage of elementary school kids, who still view the world holistically and are only able to understand the relationship between ideas fundamentally, namely integrative theme learning. Therefore, students are expected to have much better abilities in attitudes, skills, and knowledge through this integrative theme approach.

In organizing the MotoGP Event at Zainuddin Abdul Madjid International Airport, Lombok, a significant increase in flight traffic affects operational capacity, especially in the Apron area. The Apron Movement Control (AMC) Unit plays a crucial role in ensuring the smooth and safe movement of aircraft, vehicles, and personnel. During the event, the surge in passenger numbers and aircraft movements puts additional pressure on the AMC, making it essential to maintain operational safety and efficiency in the apron area. This study aims to determine how the handling of increased flight traffic affects the efficiency of apron space usage during the 2024 MotoGP Event and what strategies and mechanisms are implemented by the Apron Movement Control (AMC) Unit in increasing the efficiency and safety of flight operations during the 2024 MotoGP Event at Zainuddin Abdul Madjid International Airport. This study uses a qualitative method. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques used in this study are observation, interviews and documentation. Based on the research, it can be concluded that the role of Apron Movement Control (AMC) at Zainuddin Abdul Madjid Lombok International Airport during the 2024 MotoGP Event is very vital for the smooth running of flight operations, especially in managing increased traffic. AMC is tasked with following established procedures, including aircraft parking arrangements and efficient use of apron space. To overcome the spike in traffic, AMC added personnel, increased supervision in the airside area, and coordinated with relevant stakeholders, including Airnav Indonesia. In addition, airport infrastructure was expanded and operations were improved to meet the needs during the event, ensuring that all aircraft movements were safe and orderly.

This systematic literature review examines queue system simulation in hospitals across four key service areas: emergency departments, outpatient clinics, laboratories, and pharmacies. Following PRISMA methodology, 72 relevant studies (2015-2020) were analyzed to identify simulation models, software tools, performance parameters, and emerging trends. Findings reveal Discrete-Event Simulation dominance (59.7%), with increasing hybrid model adoption integrating System Dynamics and Agent-Based approaches. Emergency departments remain the primary application focus (52.8%), while Arena and AnyLogic emerged as predominant simulation platforms. Patient waiting time (91.7%) and resource utilization (77.8%) constitute the most evaluated performance metrics. Technological convergence trends demonstrate integration of real-time data analytics, machine learning, and digital twin concepts into traditional simulation frameworks. This review contributes methodological insights for optimizing hospital queueing systems while identifying research gaps in cross-departmental model interoperability and comprehensive value-based performance evaluation within contemporary healthcare systems.  

This study examines marathon events as an effective strategy for enhancing destination appeal in the context of sport tourism development. As tourism trends shift toward active and health-conscious lifestyles, marathon events have emerged as inclusive platforms that integrate physical activity with cultural and natural attractions. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach, combining literature analysis and in-depth interviews with participants. The findings show that marathon events significantly influence tourist engagement, increase length of stay, and stimulate local economic activity through increased accommodation, culinary consumption, and attraction visits. Furthermore, these events promote destination visibility through digital and social media engagement. However, challenges remain, including environmental risks, infrastructure limitations, regulatory constraints, and accessibility for persons with disabilities. The study concludes that marathon events, when managed sustainably and inclusively, can enhance a destination’s brand identity and competitiveness. It suggests the need for integrated planning involving local governments, tourism stakeholders, and community participation to ensure that marathon events contribute positively to long-term destination development.

This study aims to examine the role of baju bodo as a symbol of the cultural identity of the Bugis-Makassar community and its preservation efforts in the modern era. Baju bodo is one of the oldest traditional clothes in Indonesia that has high historical, symbolic, and philosophical value. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews and literature studies. The results of the study indicate that baju bodo not only functions as a body cover, but also represents social status, local aesthetic values, and cultural wisdom that is passed down from generation to generation. The transformation of the design, color, and material of baju bodo is an adaptive strategy to remain relevant amidst the development of the times without eliminating its traditional meaning. This innovation allows baju bodo to be used in modern contexts such as formal events, education, and fashion shows. This study emphasizes the importance of collaboration between cultural communities, government, and local designers to maintain the sustainability of cultural heritage. Thus, baju bodo remains a symbol of the Bugis-Makassar cultural identity that is alive, developing, and proud in the modern era

This study aims to describe the implementation of kapalo samek embroidery training in Nagari Simpuruik as an effort to promote economic empowerment and preserve local culture. Based on interviews with village officials and women participating in the training, it was found that most participants had already acquired embroidery skills through self-taught methods prior to the training. They were accustomed to working on embroidery either based on custom orders or in cooperation with "fabric bosses" who provided pre-designed cloth and threads. Embroidery has become a productive activity in Jorong Sijangek, mainly practiced by housewives. Although the training was conducted smoothly, the main challenge was gathering participants due to their limited availability. The market potential for kapalo samek embroidery is significant, especially during cultural or ceremonial events, but a major obstacle lies in marketing capabilities, particularly in digital platforms. Therefore, the training also served as a medium to introduce basic marketing strategies for craft products. In addition to enhancing economic capacity, the activity encourages cultural preservation by regenerating embroidery skills among the younger generation. This embroidery training highlights the importance of local initiatives in safeguarding cultural heritage and improving community welfare.