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Anemia is a common complication in cancer patients, especially in advanced stages, which affects quality of life and response to therapy. This study aims to analyze the relationship between cancer stage and hemoglobin (Hb) levels in female patients undergoing chemotherapy. This quantitative study used a cross-sectional design and involved 54 female cancer patients at the H. Adam Malik General Hospital Polyclinic, Medan. The sampling technique used convenience sampling. Data were analyzed using the Spearman's rho test to determine the relationship between cancer stage and Hb levels. The majority of respondents were in stage 3 (48.1%) and stage 4 (37.0%), with 63% experiencing moderate anemia (Hb 8–10 g/dL). The results of the Spearman test showed a significant positive correlation between cancer stage and Hb levels (r = 0.683; p = 0.000), indicating that the more advanced the cancer stage, the lower the hemoglobin levels tend to be. It was concluded that there was a significant relationship between cancer stage and hemoglobin levels in female patients. These results emphasize the importance of monitoring Hb levels in clinical management and nursing care of cancer patients, especially in advanced stages.

This study explores the implementation of dance learning and its impact on motor skill development in early childhood at RA Al-Ikhlasiyah 2 Medan. The research is grounded in the understanding that dance activities contribute significantly to children's gross and fine motor coordination, emotional expression, and self-confidence. The study employed a qualitative descriptive approach through observations, interviews with teachers, and documentation of dance sessions. Findings revealed that dance learning was not conducted regularly, but rather situationally ahead of graduation events, with limited integration into daily curriculum. The instructional method mainly involved direct demonstration and repetitive practice, which limited children's opportunities for exploration and creative expression. However, most children responded positively, showing enthusiasm and progress in movement coordination and group participation. Teachers played a key role in motivating children, although time constraints and lack of curriculum support posed challenges. The study concludes that dance learning, when implemented as a structured and routine activity, holds great potential in supporting holistic child development. The research also suggests future efforts to design integrative thematic dance modules and teacher training for sustainable early childhood arts education.

The sign system in public spaces functions as a visual communication tool and shapes people's experiences and perceptions. The objectives of this study are; 1) to identify the types of signs found in shopping centers; 2) to analyze the function and role of these signs in supporting activities and social interactions in shopping centers; and 3) to explain how these signs influence visitors' perceptions and experiences. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with research stages including literature study, determining the location of the study, data collection, data analysis using Peirce's semiotic theory, data validity testing, and drawing conclusions. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation and documentation stages. The results of this study found that the visual sign system in the Ramayana Teladan Medan shopping center is classified into several categories of signs according to Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic theory, such as Rhematic Indexical Legisign, Dicent Sinsign, Qualisign, and Iconic Legisign. Visualization of signs—whether through images, colors, or text—can influence visitors' understanding and behavior, for example by increasing alertness, compliance with rules, or perceptions of safety and comfort.

This study aims to determine the effect of financial literacy, ease, and usefulness in the decision to use e-money on improving the performance of MSMEs in Medan City. Where researchers want to see how much influence financial literacy has on the decision to use e-money, how much influence ease of use has on the decision to use e-money, how much influence usefulness of use has on the decision to use e-money, how much influence financial literacy, ease, and usefulness in the decision to use e-money on improving the performance of MSMEs in Medan City. The dependent variable is the decision to use e-money, the independent variables are financial literacy, ease of use of e-money, and usefulness of use of e-money. This research method uses a quantitative method. The data used is primary data. Primary data was obtained using a data collection tool in the form of a questionnaire from a sample of 100 MSME actors with the help of the SPSS 25.0 program. The results of the study showed that F Calculation was 35.743> F table (3.090). With a probability value of 0.000 (p <0.05). This means that the variables of Financial Literacy (X1), Ease of Use of E-Money (X2), and Usefulness of Use of E-Money (X3) together have a significant influence on the decision to use e-money to improve the performance of MSMEs in Medan City.

This study explores the strategies and effectiveness of the recovery of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Medan City following the COVID-19 pandemic. By reviewing recent scholarly articles, it examines the roles of government policies, digital transformation, product diversification, and multi-stakeholder collaboration in supporting MSME sustainability. The review findings show that economic stimulus policies such as cash assistance, credit relaxation, and digital training significantly impact the resilience and growth of MSMEs. Moreover, MSMEs' adaptation to technology and the role of communities further strengthen local economic resilience. This study contributes to the literature on regional economic recovery and serves as a foundation for data-driven policy-making.

This study aims to identify the training needs of Early Childhood Education (ECE) teachers in integrating digital-based learning approaches. Despite the availability of digital tools in PAUD Yobel Bersinar Medan, such as projectors and speakers, their effective use in classroom activities remains minimal. A qualitative descriptive method was employed to collect data through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The findings reveal that most teachers face challenges in utilizing digital media, designing technology-integrated lesson plans, and engaging children through interactive platforms. However, the teachers expressed strong motivation and readiness to participate in contextual and practical training. The study highlights the importance of need-based training programs tailored to the actual teaching context. These findings imply the necessity for institutions to develop structured and sustainable professional development programs to enhance teachers' digital literacy and pedagogical skills, ultimately improving learning experiences in the digital era.

Medan City has many historical buildings that reflect its rich culture and history. However, with the times, public awareness of this cultural heritage is diminishing. One of the efforts to preserve and reintroduce the historical buildings in Medan is through the creation of souvenir designs. This research focuses on the creation of a tote bag design with the theme of historical building series stamps of Medan City as souvenirs at Pos Bloc Medan. The creation method used in this research refers to the stages of exploration, design, and realization. Exploration was conducted by studying the visual and historical elements of historical buildings in Medan City, such as Maimun Palace, Medan Post Office, and Al-Mashun Grand Mosque. Designing is done by adapting the shape of stamps as the main design concept, combining digital illustrations with interesting color compositions. The final result is a tote bag design featuring historical buildings in the format of stamp illustrations, printed with digital printing techniques.  This research is expected to contribute to the effort of preserving Medan City's cultural heritage through creative media, as well as increasing public awareness of the importance of preserving and appreciating historical buildings. In addition, this tote bag design also has the potential to become an attractive souvenir product with educational value for tourists and local communities.

This research analyzes the strategies and collaboration between guidance and counseling teachers and homeroom teachers in addressing problematic students at SMP Negeri 4 Medan. The background of this study highlights the importance of guidance and counseling services in supporting students’ personal and social development, especially during the critical transition period in junior high school. However, the implementation of these services often encounters obstacles such as negative perceptions, lack of formal guidelines, and professional challenges. Using a qualitative descriptive method through interviews, observations, and documentation, the research reveals that effective strategies include building positive relationships, early detection, preventive and curative interventions, and open communication with parents. The synergy between guidance and counseling teachers and homeroom teachers, through regular information exchange and coordinated intervention planning, significantly improves the management of problematic students. Nevertheless, challenges such as limited time, differences in role perceptions, and lack of structured communication forums still hinder optimal collaboration. The study concludes that comprehensive and coordinated collaboration is essential for effective management of student problems in schools.

This study investigated the effectiveness of using the Wordwall website as a learning strategy to enhance students' vocabulary mastery. Employing a quasi-experimental design, the research involved a control group and an experimental group from [mention specific school/level, e.g., a junior high school in Medan]. Data were collected using a vocabulary test (pre-test and post-test) and analyzed using t-test statistical analysis. The findings indicated a significant improvement in vocabulary mastery among students in the experimental group who utilized the Wordwall website compared to the control group. This suggests that the Wordwall website is an effective and engaging tool for improving students' vocabulary acquisition. The study recommends the integration of interactive digital platforms like Wordwall into language learning curricula to support vocabulary development.

This study focuses on prioritizing quality and customer satisfaction as the key to the success of the Dapur Mami Icha Catering MSME in Medan, North Sumatra. This business, which started with a small capital, has succeeded in building a reputation through serving delicious, healthy, and affordable food menus, as well as friendly and personal service. The strategy for retaining customers is carried out through a direct communication approach, such as reminders to order before the event day, and price adjustments according to customer needs. In addition, innovation in menu development and consistency in quality are the main factors that make customers loyal and recommend this service. Collaboration with similar business actors also strengthens the competitiveness and capacity of the business. The success of Dapur Mami Icha confirms that focusing on product quality and customer satisfaction is an important foundation in building a sustainable and competitive MSME business in the local catering market.  

 Chronic pain is pain that persistent and will continue beyond the proper healing time, there are two time points used in daily practice, namely 3 months and 6 months after the first injury. Sensitivity of peripheral nociceptive neurons and central underlying the process of transition from acute pain to chronic pain. There are several factors that influence the increasing incidence of postoperative chronic pain including preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors. Untreated acute postoperative pain also increases the risk of increasing chronic postoperative pain. In Asia, the prevalence of chronic pain varies widely, between 7% in Malaysia to 60% in Cambodia. The prevalence of postoperative chronic pain in adults is reported to be around 20% in developed countries. The incidence includes all ages with a higher incidence in women and the elderly. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of postoperative chronic pain in outpatients in the surgical polyclinic and obstetrics and gynecology polyclinic at RSU Medan. The type of research used in this study was Observational with a Cross Sectional method approach. Based on the research that has been done, it was found that ages 26-35 years experienced the most chronic pain, namely as much as 29.8% and women experienced more chronic pain compared to men. Based on this study it was found that the majority of respondents experienced moderate pain intensity as many as 36 respondents (63.2%). There were descriptions of characteristics that were mostly 26-35 years old.

This study explores the influence of social interactions in the school environment on the emotional development of fifth-grade students at SDN 060875 Medan. Using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design (30 participants), data were collected through participatory observation, emotional intelligence scales (EIK), and interviews. Results revealed a significant positive correlation between social interaction and emotional regulation (r = 0.62; p < 0.05). Cooperative interactions (65% of total interactions) and partner diversity were critical for developing empathy and self-awareness. Teachers functioned as emotional models through emotion coaching techniques, while a mastery goal-oriented classroom climate strengthened this relationship. Practical implications include integrating social-emotional learning (SEL) into cross-group collaborative activities and structured peer mentoring programs. This research affirms social interaction as a constitutive foundation for emotional development in Indonesia’s socio-cultural context.

This study aims to analyse the effect of work climate on teacher morale at MAN 1 Medan. Work climate is an important factor in creating a work atmosphere that supports the performance and motivation of educators. Teachers' morale, as an indicator of the success of the education process, is influenced by various aspects, including interpersonal relationships, leadership of the madrasah head, and work environment conditions. This study used a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 50 teachers at MAN 1 Medan. Work climate variables were measured through dimensions such as leadership, openness of communication, and peer support. Meanwhile, morale was measured through indicators of productivity, motivation, and commitment to duty. Data analysis was conducted using simple linear regression technique to determine the relationship and influence between the two variables. The results showed that work climate has a significant influence on teachers' morale at MAN 1 Medan. This finding indicates that a positive work climate, characterised by open communication, adequate support, and inspirational leadership, can significantly improve teachers' morale. Conversely, a less conducive work climate negatively impacts teachers' motivation and performance. This study concludes that effective work climate management is an important strategy in improving teachers' morale. The madrasah is advised to pay attention to the aspects that make up the work climate, such as rewarding performance, creating a harmonious working atmosphere, and ensuring good communication between the madrasah head and teachers. Thus, the quality of education at MAN 1 Medan can continue to be improved through strengthening the morale of the teaching staff.

Economic concepts are often considered abstract and difficult to understand by high school students. The lack of connection between the subject matter and the reality of everyday life is one of the factors causing low student interest in learning in this field. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of the "home economics" learning approach in improving students' understanding of the economic system. The study was conducted at SMAN 12 Medan using a quantitative method with a questionnaire instrument that has been tested for validity and reliability. The results showed that this approach was able to explain 59.2% of the variation in students' understanding of economics. This study suggests that teachers use contextual learning models to improve the effectiveness of the economics learning process.    

This study aims to analyze the personality competence of ninth-grade teachers at SMP Negeri 23 Medan based on students' perceptions. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach with data collected through observation and in-depth interviews involving nine purposively selected students. The findings reveal that most teachers demonstrated basic aspects of personality competence, such as punctuality and responsibility. However, several issues were identified, including emotional instability in handling classroom situations, favoritism, and the use of physical punishment as a disciplinary method. These findings indicate that teachers' personality competence still needs improvement, particularly in emotional regulation, fairness, and role modeling. The study recommends structured and continuous personality development programs for teachers to foster a positive classroom environment and support students' character development.    

The development of information technology has had a major impact on the world of education, especially for prospective teachers and students interacting in the teaching and learning process. However, in many educational units, the utilization of educational learning technology is not fully optimal. This study serves to analyze the effect of technology-based learning media utilization on student learning outcomes at SMKN 4 Medan. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection methods through interviews with the principal, one teacher, and three students. The interview instrument consisted of ten questions designed to explore the use, constraints, and impact of technology in the learning process. The results show that the school has provided technological facilities and encouraged teachers to utilize them, although not all teachers are able to integrate technological media to the fullest. Teachers acknowledge that digital media helps solve educational problems that occur at SMKN 4 Medan. From the students' side, technology-based learning is interesting and helps understanding, but there are still obstacles in the availability of devices and distraction of learning focus.

Kopi menjadi salah satu komoditas unggulan sektor pertanian yang berperan besar dalam membantu perekonomian Indonesia dan menyediakan lapangan pekerjaan. Faktor pengupasan kulit dari biji yang lama dapat mengganggu proses pengolahan kopi. Pengupasan kulit dari biji merupakan tahap paling krusial dalam pemrosesan biji kopi, terutama dalam mengurangi kerusakan produk dan menjaga kualitas mutu biji kopi. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan mesin pulper kopi menjadi solusi untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan kualitas pengupasan biji kopi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji lebih dalam mengenai konsep mekanika pada berbagai jenis mesin pulper kopi dengan metode pengumpulan data dari literatur yang telah kami peroleh. Diperoleh lima jenis mesin pulper kopi yaitu mesin pulper motor listrik, pisau silinder berputar, rol ganda, TEP-JLL 2015, dan mesin pulper-huller dua fungsi. Prinsip momen gaya diterapkan saat putaran motor dialihkan melalui sistem transmisi untuk menghasilkan torsi yang cukup besar untuk menggerakkan komponen pengupas. Selain itu, mesin portabel juga menerapkan mekanika roda dan poros dalam sistem mobilisasi untuk memudahkan perpindahan di medan menanjak. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pemilihan mesin pulper perlu disesuaikan dengan kondisi geografis, skala produksi, dan jenis kopi yang diolah agar diperoleh hasil pengupasan yang optimal.

This study aims to analyze the effect of retail layout on customer satisfaction levels at PT Trans Retail Medan Carrefour. In an increasingly competitive retail industry, store layout is one of the strategic factors that can affect comfort, shopping efficiency, and customer perceptions of service quality. This study uses a quantitative approach with descriptive and associative methods, involving 60 respondents who are active customers of Transmart Carrefour Medan. Data collection techniques were carried out through distributing questionnaires and direct observation. The results of multiple linear regression analysis show that retail layout has a significant effect on customer satisfaction, with a contribution of 75.9% to the variation in satisfaction levels. The layout factors that contribute the most include product placement, aisle design, lighting, signage, and ease of access between areas. These findings emphasize the importance of optimizing store layout as a strategy to improve the shopping experience and customer loyalty. Thus, retail management is advised to continue to evaluate and innovate in spatial planning in order to meet consumer expectations sustainably.  

The purpose of this article is to examine how customer happiness at Kenzie Barbershop in Medan is impacted by pricing, location, and service quality. 96 respondents (customers) made up the sample for the quantitative approval. The findings indicate that customer happiness is significantly positively impacted by service quality, with location and pricing coming in second and third. The results indicate that in order to boost client happiness, Kenzie Barbershop should give priority to enhancing service quality. In order to draw in and keep clients, the barbershop should also think about its advantageous location and affordable prices.At Kenzie Barbershop, pricing, location, and service quality all have a positive and considerable simultaneous impact on client satisfaction.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence the existence of slums in Tematta Dorf district, Medan. Slums are one of the serious problems in urban development that affect the quality of life of the community. The method used in this study is a quantitative method with a descriptive approach and multiple regression analysis. Respondents consisted of field surveys, interviews, data received through documents, and residents and relatives. The results of the study indicate that several main factors that influence the existence of slums in this area are income levels, population density, availability of basic infrastructure, and spatial politics. Limited infrastructure and low community income have the most important impacts of these factors. This study concludes that efforts to overcome regional slums require a multidimensional approach by improving infrastructure, spatial sustainability planning and strengthening the community economy.