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Bullying is a form of aggressive behavior that is intentionally and repeatedly carried out, characterized by an imbalance of power between the perpetrator and the victim. This phenomenon is not limited to childhood and adolescence but may also produce long term effects that extend into adulthood, including among university students. This study aims to explore the long term impact of bullying on victims’ mental health, with a particular focus on students who have experienced bullying in the past. The study employed a descriptive qualitative method using a literature review approach. Data were obtained through a comprehensive analysis of scientific articles, national and international journals, and previous studies related to bullying and mental health. The findings show that victims of bullying face a higher risk of psychological problems, such as depression, anxiety, post traumatic stress disorder or PTSD, low self esteem, and difficulties in social interactions. These effects influence not only emotional well-being but also academic functioning, including reduced concentration, decreased learning motivation, and lower academic performance. In addition, prolonged psychological stress resulting from bullying may lead to physical problems, such as sleep disturbances and somatic complaints. Factors including limited social support, maladaptive coping strategies, and high intensity or prolonged exposure to bullying were found to intensify the negative impacts experienced by victims. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive prevention and intervention efforts in higher education settings, such as the provision of accessible counseling services, the implementation of strict anti bullying policies, and the strengthening of social support systems to minimize the long-term mental health effects of bullying among university students.  

This study was conducted to examine how social media influences Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) behavior among its users. The research employs a qualitative method with a literature review approach by analyzing and reviewing 20 previous research journals related to FOMO behavior in social media users. The reviewed journals were published. The findings indicate that FOMO behavior is driven by high-intensity social media use, in which increased frequency and duration of use are associated with higher levels of anxiety and fear of missing information and social experiences. Continuous exposure to content and activities shared by other users encourages social comparison, which contributes to increased anxiety, self-dissatisfaction, and difficulties in emotional regulation, particularly among individuals with low self-esteem. These conditions may lead to dependence on social validation and promote increasingly addictive patterns of social media use, which in the long term can reduce self-control and negatively affect psychological well-being. When self-esteem is low and psychological well-being is disrupted, individuals may experience heightened pessimism and an increased risk of engaging in self-harm behaviors. Overall, the findings suggest that self-regulation and self-determination serve as preventive factors against FOMO behavior and its psychological and mental health impacts; therefore, strengthening self-regulation and self-determination is essential to prevent FOMO.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in supporting the Indonesian economy, especially in rural areas where they contribute significantly to employment and local income. Sait Buttu Saribu Village in Simalungun Regency possesses considerable potential in the agricultural, tourism, and culinary sectors, which can be developed through strong MSME activities. Nevertheless, many local MSMEs continue to experience challenges related to limited promotion, weak branding, and restricted market access. This study aims to analyze visit-based and promotional strategies for MSMEs as an effort to strengthen the village economy and enhance business competitiveness. The research methods consist of a literature review of relevant previous studies and field observations conducted through community service activities in the village. The findings indicate that industrial visits, digital promotion via social media platforms, the utilization of Google Maps for location visibility, and branding that highlights local wisdom are effective strategies for expanding market reach and increasing MSME competitiveness. Through strong synergy among the village government, MSME actors, and the local community, MSMEs in Sait Buttu Saribu Village can grow more optimally and contribute to sustainable economic development and tourism.

Audit failure and inconsistencies in previous research results regarding the influence of auditor experience and self-efficacy on audit judgment serve as the main drivers of this study. This study aims to re-examine the relationship between auditor experience and self-efficacy on audit judgment at Public Accounting Firms in South Jakarta. Using a quantitative approach, this study employs purposive sampling techniques by distributing questionnaires as a data collection instrument, involving 70 auditors working at Public Accounting Firms in South Jakarta. The results of multiple linear regression analysis using IBM SPSS version 26 indicate that both auditor experience and self-efficacy have a positive and significant influence, both partially and simultaneously, on audit judgment. These findings provide evidence that improving auditors' work experience and self-confidence is crucial in producing high-quality audit decisions. This study offers new insights that can be used to enhance audit quality through the development of experience and strengthening auditors' self-efficacy. The findings are expected to contribute to better audit practices by focusing on factors that can improve auditors' ability to make accurate and effective judgments.

The Megengan tradition is a Javanese ritual performed before the month of Ramadan as a form of spiritual preparation, strengthening social solidarity, and maintaining relationships with ancestors. However, the development of modernization, urbanization, educational advancement, and changes in mindset have caused this tradition to experience a significant shift in meaning. This study aims to describe the changes in function, meaning, and position of Megengan in modern society using Max Weber's modernization theory as an analytical framework. The research method used is a literature study from various journals, cultural documents, and previous research related to the Megengan tradition in various regions of Java. The results show that Megengan has undergone a transformation from a sacred ritual full of cosmological symbols to a more functional and efficient socio-cultural activity. The process of rationalization in modern society has caused the spiritual and symbolic meaning of ritual foods such as apem, ketan, and ingkung to be reduced, while the form of ritual implementation has become more formal and centered on religious institutions. The change in ritual authority from elders to modern religious figures is one indication of the shift from traditional authority to rational-formal authority as explained by Weber.  Despite the simplification of its meaning, Megengan remains a living tradition that serves to strengthen cultural identity, social harmony, and intergenerational relationships. This research confirms that the shift in Megengan does not indicate a weakening of Javanese tradition, but rather a form of cultural adaptation in response to the dynamics of modernity.

This study aimed to determine the relationship between shyness and social anxiety in new students in the Faculty of Psychology at Satya Wacana Christian University (UKSW). The method used was quantitative, using a simple random sampling technique involving 99 subjects. This study measured shyness and social anxiety using two instruments: the RCBS 13 for shyness and the SAS-A for social anxiety. The collected data were then analyzed using the Pearson Product Moment statistical method to determine the relationship between the two variables. The results showed no significant relationship between shyness and social anxiety in new students, with a correlation (R) of 0.86 and a significance level of 0.398 (P > 0.05). This indicates that high levels of shyness in new students do not directly correlate with their levels of social anxiety. This means that higher levels of shyness do not necessarily lead to increased levels of social anxiety. This finding contradicts several previous studies that suggested a positive relationship between shyness and social anxiety. This study provides new insights into the psychological dynamics experienced by new students, particularly in the UKSW Faculty of Psychology, which should be considered in developing orientation programs or mental health support for new students. Furthermore, these findings also open up opportunities for further research that could explore other factors influencing the relationship between shyness and social anxiety.

This study aims to determine the level of income earned by palm sugar (brown sugar) producers in Nubuai Village, Urei Faisei District, Waropen Regency. The research employed a descriptive research design. The population consisted of all palm sugar farmers in Nubuai Village, Urei Faisei District, Waropen Regency. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, with a total sample of 10 respondents. The data sources included primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through direct interviews conducted by the researcher using a structured questionnaire containing previously prepared questions. Secondary data were collected from relevant government institutions related to the study. Data collection techniques included observation, questionnaires, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out using multiple regression analysis, t-test, and F-test. The results showed that the income variable obtained by palm sugar producers had a positive and significant effect on the income of palm sugar farmers in Nubuai Village, Urei Faisei District, Waropen Regency, with a regression coefficient value of Rp 8,976.001 and a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. The farmers’ revenue variable also had a positive and significant effect on farmers’ income in Nubuai Village, with a regression coefficient value of Rp 15,791.849 and a significance value of 0.038 < 0.05. Furthermore, the variables of experience and palm sugar price simultaneously influenced the income of palm sugar farmers in Nubuai Village, Urei Faisei District, Waropen Regency.

Background: Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most frequently encountered oral mucosal conditions. Although RAS has been extensively considered clinically and through research, ulcer occurrence remains unavoidable, and most treatment approaches are primarily symptomatic. Objective: To identify anxiety as a predisposing factor in patients with minor RAS. Case Report: A 24-year-old female patient presented to Soelastri Dental and Oral Hospital with a complaint of an ulcer on the right upper lip. The patient reported pain and a burning sensation for the past four days. The pain worsened when consuming hot food or beverages. The patient had experienced similar episodes previously but had never sought treatment for this condition. Intraoral examination revealed a single shallow ulcer with an oval shape, regular margins, a yellowish-white base surrounded by an erythematous halo, measuring 3 × 2 mm on the right upper lip, and was symptomatic. Case Management: The treatment provided focused primarily on Communication, Information, and Education (CIE). The patient was informed about the predisposing factor experienced, which may contribute to the occurrence of RAS, namely anxiety. The patient also received education regarding maintaining oral hygiene, consuming fruits and vegetables, increasing water intake, eating more regularly, attending a follow-up visit seven days after treatment, and managing anxiety. Conclusion: In this case, RAS management was focused on eliminating predisposing factors, particularly anxiety, which was strongly suspected to be the triggering factor for minor RAS in this patient.

In the era of globalization and rapid technological advancement, Indonesia’s indigenous culture faces various challenges that may gradually erode traditional values within society, particularly among the younger generation. Local cultural diversity represents a vital national asset that must be preserved and sustained through strategic efforts, one of which is education. Social studies education plays an important role in instilling students’ knowledge, understanding, and appreciation of local cultural diversity as an essential component of national identity. This article aims to examine the contribution of social studies education to the development of students’ character through respect for cultural diversity in their surrounding environment, the cultivation of tolerance, and the enhancement of cultural awareness. The study adopts a qualitative descriptive approach using a literature review methodology by analyzing relevant academic sources, including books, journal articles, and previous research findings. The results reveal that integrating local culture and indigenous knowledge into social studies learning can strengthen students’ social awareness, deepen their understanding of cultural values, and foster responsible, empathetic, and tolerant character traits. Moreover, the effectiveness of local culture–based social studies education is strongly influenced by the role of teachers as facilitators, motivators, and role models who provide contextual, relevant, and meaningful learning experiences for students.  

The third trimester of pregnancy is a challenging period since pregnant women experience various physical and psychological changes that can affect their readiness for childbirth. High anxiety levels and the presence of pregnancy complications are known to reduce maternal preparedness for labor. This study aims to determine the relationship between anxiety levels and pregnancy complications with the readiness of third trimester pregnant women in facing childbirth in the working area of Benteng Community Health Center, Selayar Islands Regency. This research used a quantitative approach with a correlational design and a cross-sectional method. The population consisted of all third trimester pregnant women, with a total sample of 86 respondents selected using purposive sampling. The research instruments included an anxiety questionnaire using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), a pregnancy complication checklist, and a childbirth readiness questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test and multiple logistic regression at a significance level of α = 0.05. The results of the study showed no significant relationship between anxiety and readiness for childbirth (p < 0.550) or between pregnancy complications and readiness for childbirth (p < 0.690). Therefore, it can be concluded that anxiety and pregnancy complications are not significantly related to the readiness of pregnant women in the third trimester for childbirth. This indicates that maternal readiness is influenced by factors other than the variables studied, such as knowledge, family support, and previous childbirth experiences.

This study aims to analyze the integration of Human Resource (HR) Analytics as a strategic approach to enhancing employee experience in organizational settings. The growing complexity of the business environment and the increasing demand for data-driven decision-making have encouraged organizations to utilize HR Analytics in managing human resources more effectively. This research employs an integrative literature review method to synthesize findings from previous empirical and conceptual studies published between 2014 and 2024. The review process was conducted systematically through article identification, selection, thematic analysis, and synthesis of findings. The results indicate that HR Analytics contributes positively to employee experience by improving employee engagement, performance management, and retention strategies. Furthermore, organizational culture, leadership commitment, and technological readiness are identified as key moderating factors influencing the successful implementation of HR Analytics. This study provides theoretical contributions by strengthening the conceptual relationship between HR Analytics and employee experience, as well as practical implications for organizations seeking to design data-driven human resource management strategies.

This study aims to examine and compare various findings from previous research on the effectiveness of online learning among university students in higher education settings in order to obtain a comprehensive general conclusion. The research method employed is a literature review using a content analysis approach of scholarly publications published between 2019 and 2025. The data sources include relevant national and international journal articles focusing on online learning in higher education. The results of the review indicate that the effectiveness of online learning is influenced by three interrelated main factors. Psychological factors include learning motivation, students’ perceptions of online learning, and the emotional conditions experienced during the learning process. Pedagogical factors encompass lecturers’ creativity in designing learning activities, the selection of appropriate teaching methods, and the use of interactive and varied learning media. Meanwhile, technical or environmental factors include the availability and ease of access to learning platforms, the quality of internet connectivity, and supportive learning environments. Online learning offers several positive impacts, such as flexibility in learning time, cost efficiency, and enhanced student experience in utilizing digital technology. However, it also has the potential to generate negative effects, including boredom, stress, and difficulties in understanding course material when technical barriers are not resolved and learning activities are monotonous. Therefore, optimal management of psychological, pedagogical, and technical factors is essential to improve the effectiveness of online learning for university students.

The food and beverage (FnB) industry is one of the main supporting sectors of tourism in Indonesia and has experienced rapid growth along with the increasing number of tourist activities and consumer demand. However, previous studies indicate that Service Quality in the FnB industry remains suboptimal, particularly in aspects related to human resources (HR). Issues such as inconsistent service performance, low responsiveness, and limited employee competence and work attitude are commonly identified. This study aims to systematically examine the role of human resources in Service Quality within the FnB industry and to identify key factors, management strategies, and existing research gaps. This research employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method using the PICOC framework, analyzing 20 national and international journal articles published between 2015 - 2025 and retrieved from Google Scholar. The findings reveal that the most influential HR factors affecting Service Quality include competence, communication skills, work attitude, experience, and employee training. Furthermore, effective human resource management practices demonstrate a positive relationship with improved Service Quality. Nevertheless, the review identifies a lack of comprehensive studies integrating HR management and Service Quality within the specific Context of the Indonesian FnB industry, indicating opportunities for future research.

Highways play a strategic role in supporting economic development, so the quality of pavement materials (flexible pavement) must meet previously established quality standards. The Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) layer, as the topmost layer of flexible pavement, is susceptible to damage caused by aging triggered by environmental conditions, particularly ambient temperature. Temperatures above 30°C are known to accelerate plastic deformation (rutting) and reduce pavement bearing capacity. The Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency indicates that temperatures in Lhokseumawe City, North Aceh, range from 33.7–35.3°C with day-night fluctuations that could potentially accelerate the degradation of mechanical properties. This study aims to analyze the Marshall characteristics of AC-WC asphalt mixtures under ambient temperature conditions. The testing was conducted with varying exposure times of 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 days at a minimum temperature of 23.90°C and a maximum temperature of 31.80°C, with an average humidity of 87.93%. The test results showed that the AC-WC asphalt mixture experienced a decrease in stability value of 21.37% and an increase in flow value of 36.36%, resulting in a decrease in the Marshall Quotient (MQ) value of 42.52%.

This research aims to develop an E-Catalog Information System for the Library of SMPK St. Yohanes Wewewa Barat as a digital platform that provides students and teachers with fast, accurate, and efficient access to book collection information. The system is designed to replace the previous manual book search process, which often caused delays and reduced the effectiveness of library services. The development of this system applies The Model-View-Controller (MVC) method structures the system by dividing it into three distinct parts: the model, the view, and the controller, each with its own specific function resulting in a structured architecture that is easier to manage, maintain, and improve. This method was chosen because it supports modular development and provides flexibility for future system enhancements. The results of this study show that the developed e-catalog system functions properly and performs well according to the intended design. All main features, including book searching, book detail display, and book data management, operate optimally without significant issues. Moreover, the system helps improve the efficiency of library services and enhances the user experience in accessing digital book information.

This research uses a qualitative approach with a library research method, focusing on the development of pragmatic thinking in Western and Islamic traditions and its contribution to contemporary education. Data were obtained through literature reviews from books, scientific journals, and previous research results. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis techniques to identify similarities and differences in Western and Islamic pragmatic thinking. The results of the study indicate that Western pragmatism developed through Peirce, James, and Dewey, who emphasized truth based on practical consequences and usefulness in life. Islamic pragmatism, although not explicit, is reflected in the thoughts of Al-Ghazali and Ibn Khaldun, who combine revelation with empirical experience and public welfare. The contribution of pragmatism to contemporary education includes: (1) educational goals oriented towards social experiences and problem-solving; (2) the position of students as active subjects with growth capacity; (3) curriculum development that is flexible, experience-based, and adaptive to social changes. this research states that Western and Islamic pragmatism both provide important contributions to contemporary education, shifting the focus from knowledge transfer to the development of competencies and characters that are relevant.  

As the center for employee competency development, BSI Corporate University (BSU) plays a crucial role in strengthening BSI’s competitiveness within Indonesia’s rapidly growing Islamic banking industry. BSU’s performance from 2021 to 2023 experienced fluctuations, indicating the need for an evaluation of factors influencing employee performance. Previous studies have also shown inconsistent findings regarding the influence of Islamic Work Ethics and AKHLAK core values on performance, thereby creating a research gap. This study aims to examine the influence of Islamic Work Ethics and AKHLAK core values on employee performance at BSU. Data were collected through a quantitative survey of BSU employees, resulting in 60 valid responses, and analyzed using SmartPLS 4.1.1.2. The research employed a descriptive quantitative approach with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) as the analytical technique. The findings indicate that Islamic Work Ethics and AKHLAK core values have a positive and significant influence on employee performance.

Currently, patients experiencing early symptoms of skin disease caused by the exanthema virus are unable to immediately consult a dermatologist due to the high cost and limited time available for specialists in hospitals. Therefore, the author needs to develop an expert system application that can address this issue. Through this application, users can consult with the system, much like an expert, to diagnose their symptoms and find solutions to their problems. This expert system is designed to provide answers based on whether the symptoms are correct or not, or to provide several recommended answer choices based on the symptoms. To diagnose skin disease caused by the exanthema virus, the author used the Case-Based Reasoning method. The CBR method is a weighting technique that compares new cases with previous cases. The diagnosis is based on data provided by the patient and expert, which is then analyzed using case-based reasoning and stored as a knowledge database in the expert system. Therefore, this expert system can help identify solutions for problems experienced by patients suffering from skin disease caused by the Exanthema Virus.

This study examines the impact of Pentagon Fraud factors on FSF, with WBS as a moderation variable, focusing on Indonesian State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) from 2021 to 2024. The Pentagon’s Fraud Theory encompasses five key elements: pressure, opportunity, rationalization, competence, and arrogance, each of which is represented by financial stability, ineffective monitoring, the quality of auditors, the experience of directors, and CEO pictures. This study aims to determine how these factors affect financial reporting that contains fraud, and whether WBS can strengthen or weaken the relationship between the two. Using a quantitative approach with secondary data from the annual reports of 104 SOEs, thisi study applied panel data regression method. FSF was measured using the Beneish M-Score, while the effect of moderation was tested through moderated regression analysis. The results of this study are expected to provide deeper insights into the dynamics of fraud in the public sector and highlight the importance of WBS as a governance tool in reducing the risk of fraud. The study contributes to the previous literature by integrating a comprehensive fraud framework and testing it with moderation mechanisms, while also focusing on specific institutional contexts (SOEs), which have not been explicity explored in previous studies.

Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder that disrupts cognition, emotion, perception, and behavior, significantly affecting daily functioning and social interaction. Paranoid schizophrenia, a well-recognized subtype, is characterized by persistent paranoid delusions, frequently accompanied by hallucinations—most commonly auditory—and other perceptual disturbances, often leading to unpredictable or aggressive behaviors. A 34-year-old male patient, Mr. A, was brought to Cut Meutia General Hospital on February 9, 2024, by his father and the village chief due to episodes of aggression. The patient reported that his behavior occurred because a creature was controlling his body and disturbing him. His family indicated that he had experienced similar episodes in the past and had previously been hospitalized for the same condition. Based on established clinical guidelines, he was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. Pharmacological management was initiated, including risperidone, clozapine, lodemer injection, diazepam injection, divalproex, and trihexyphenidyl, targeting psychotic symptoms, agitation, and behavioral disturbances, with the aim of stabilizing his mental state, preventing further aggressive episodes, and supporting overall functional recovery.