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Dynamics of social interaction within the alleyways of urban neighborhoods, which serve as unique social spaces amid the ongoing processes of modernization. Conducted in the alleyways of Makassar City, this research employs an ethnographic approach through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and field note documentation. The findings reveal that alleyways function not only as physical pathways but also as vibrant social arenas where communal activities—such as neighborhood gatherings, mutual aid, and small-scale household economies—take place. Modernization introduces significant changes to these patterns of interaction. On one hand, infrastructural development, technological penetration, and increased mobility foster new forms of interaction that are more practical and individualistic. On the other hand, core values of solidarity, including mutual support and close neighborly relations, continue to persist through community-based initiatives, local empowerment programs, and informal shared activities. The study concludes that alleyways represent hybrid social spaces where tradition and modernity intersect, demonstrating residents’ efforts to maintain social cohesion despite the pressures of social change. These findings are expected to contribute to policy development and inform local authorities in designing culturally sensitive alleyway development programs.

The Integration of technology in the education sector is a crucial strategy for addressing the challenges of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. This study aims to develop and examine the effectiveness of "Physical Changes of the Earth’s Environment" learning media by utilizing the interactive features of the ClassPoint platform and Edpuzzle videos in 5th-grade elementary school. The method employed is library research with a qualitative-descriptive approach, conducted through content analysis of various relevant scientific literatures from the last five years. The research findings indicate that the synergy between ClassPoint and Edpuzzle is capable of transforming abstract science materials into more concrete and engaging content for students. ClassPoint plays a role in creating a participatory digital classroom through various real-time interaction formats, while Edpuzzle reorients video-viewing activities into an active learning process through embedded question features that stimulate critical thinking. Overall, the use of these interactive media has positive implications for the escalation of active participation, concentration, and the depth of students' conceptual understanding. This study concludes that the development of ClassPoint and Edpuzzle-based learning innovations is an effective and relevant strategic step in improving the quality standards of science education in elementary schools.

The rapid development of communication technology in the digital era has had a significant impact on people's interaction patterns. One of the important aspects in this case is its influence on communication behavior, both in social, economic, and political life. The Electronic Information and Transaction Law (UU ITE) which was passed in Indonesia in 2008, acts as a regulation to regulate the use of communication technology, especially in cyberspace, with the aim of protecting the public from misuse of technology such as defamation, fraud, and hate speech. This research aims to analyze how the influence of the ITE Law on changes in community interaction patterns in digital space, both positively and negatively. Research results show that although the ITE Law provides a clear legal framework, there are challenges in its implementation that have the potential to hinder freedom of opinion and change the way people interact online. On the other hand, this regulation also spurs the public to be more careful and responsible in communicating through digital platforms.  

Ketersediaan lahan yang minim di Kota Makassar menjadi salah satu faktor Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak (RSIA) tidak menghiraukan kondisi lingkungan yang ada di sekitarnya dan menjadi salah satu penyebab timbulnya gangguan kesehatan pada seseorang. Penerapan arsitektur therapeutic menjawab permasalahan yang dihadapi RSIA di Kota Makassar. Penerapan therapeutic  tidak hanya dapat dilakukan pada landscape atau ruang luar, akan tetapi dapat berupa desain interior dan elemen therapeutic itu sendiri seperti pencahayaan, warna, musik, ataupun sirkulasi. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif, penelitian ini menghasilkan desain sebuah RSIA yang terukur dan mengedepankan lingkungan yang berfokus untuk menunjang proses interaksi yang dapat berdampak positif pada kesehatan mental dan fisik pengguna, terutama pasien ibu dan anak sehingga mempercepat proses penyembuhan. Penerapan arsitektur therapeutic pada RSIA dilakukan dengan menyesuaikan kebutuhan ruang bagi pengguna sehingga menciptakan ruang yang nyaman, dengan demikian penerapan konsep therapeutic pada RSIA dapat tercapai.

Perubahan pola hidup masyarakat modern yang diiringi tingginya beban kerja dan mobilitas, telah meningkatkan risiko stres serta kelelahan fisik dan mental, terutama di kawasan perkotaan yang padat seperti Surabaya. Hal ini mendasari kebutuhan akan fasilitas yang tidak hanya berfokus pada perawatan fisik, namun juga mendukung pemulihan secara menyeluruh. Perancangan Wellness and Beauty Center dengan menerapkan Biophilic Architecture dapat menghadirkan ruang penyembuhan yang terintegrasi dengan alam. Proses perancangan meliputi tahapan identifikasi, studi banding, analisis, dan sintesis, guna menghadilkan konsep makro Healing Trough Nature sebagai strategi utama. Konsep ini dikembangkan menajdi konsep mikro yang mencakup desain ruang interaksi dengan alam, bentuk bangunan organik, dan tatanan lahan yang menyatu dengan lansekap di sekitarnya. Rancangan yang dihasilkan meliputi fasilitas spa, perawatan kecantikan, yoga, meditasi, pusat kebugaran, dan area relaksasi yang terhubung secara efektif. Bangunan dirancang adaptif terhadap karakter tapak dengan komposisi massa lengkung yang selaras terhadap orientasi visual dan fungsi ruang, sehingga mampu emnciptakan harmoni serta atmosfer yang dapat menennagkan bagi pengunjung.

Male reproductive performance serves as a foundational metric for predicting the reproductive quality traits of progeny. This study aimed to investigate the interaction between semen quality in Etawa Grade (PE) and Boer bucks and non-genetic factors, specifically age and season. The research utilised secondary data on fresh semen production collected from 2018 to 2022. Quality parameters evaluated included ejaculate volume and individual sperm motility. Data were obtained from the Central Java Artificial Insemination Center and analysed using the Statistical Analysis System On Demand for Academics to determine the interactive effects of age and season on fresh semen production. The results indicated that bucks in the younger age category tended to produce higher semen volumes compared to other age groups. In conclusion, there is a general interaction between age and season on the semen quality of PE and Boer bucks. The interaction observed in fresh semen volume and motility was significantly influenced by individual age differences and seasonal factors based on rainfall levels. Further research is warranted to investigate these interactions across additional macroscopic and microscopic parameters.

Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi telah mendorong transformasi pelayanan kesehatan, termasuk di bidang kefarmasian. Salah satu inovasi yang berkembang adalah telefarmasi, yaitu pelayanan kefarmasian jarak jauh yang memanfaatkan teknologi digital untuk menjembatani interaksi antara apoteker dan pasien. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji persepsi apoteker terhadap implementasi telefarmasi melalui pendekatan tinjauan literatur. Metode yang digunakan adalah tinjauan literatur sistematis terhadap 10 artikel yang diperoleh dari basis data ilmiah seperti PubMed, Google Scholar, dan ScienceDirect dalam lima tahun terakhir. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas apoteker memiliki persepsi positif terhadap telefarmasi, terutama dalam aspek efisiensi waktu dan biaya, peningkatan akses dan kepatuhan pasien, serta solusi atas kekurangan tenaga apoteker. Namun, ditemukan pula persepsi negatif seperti beban kerja yang meningkat, risiko kesalahan akibat keterbatasan kontak fisik, dan kendala teknis. Temuan ini menegaskan perlunya dukungan infrastruktur, pelatihan tenaga kesehatan, serta literasi digital pasien untuk memastikan keberhasilan implementasi telefarmasi secara berkelanjutan.

Perkembangan teknologi digital yang semakin pesat mendorong perubahan besar dalam dunia pendidikan, sehingga pembelajaran abad ke-21 tidak hanya menekankan pemahaman materi, tetapi juga menuntut penguatan empat kompetensi inti atau 4C, yaitu berpikir kritis, kreativitas, komunikasi, dan kolaborasi. Integrasi teknologi menjadi kebutuhan penting untuk menciptakan pengalaman belajar yang lebih interaktif, adaptif, dan berpusat pada peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mensintesis temuan dari sebelas artikel ilmiah yang membahas implementasi teknologi dalam mengembangkan keterampilan 4C pada pembelajaran modern. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan menelaah fokus, desain, serta hasil penelitian dari setiap artikel, kemudian mengintegrasikannya melalui analisis tematik untuk memperoleh gambaran yang lebih menyeluruh. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa berbagai bentuk teknologi seperti platform pembelajaran digital, aplikasi mobile, media interaktif, kecerdasan buatan, serta perangkat kolaboratif mampu memberikan dampak signifikan terhadap peningkatan kemampuan peserta didik. Teknologi terbukti memperkuat kemampuan berpikir kritis melalui kegiatan analisis informasi dan pemecahan masalah berbasis digital; meningkatkan kreativitas melalui pembuatan konten multimedia dan eksplorasi ide; memperluas kemampuan komunikasi melalui diskusi virtual, presentasi digital, dan interaksi sinkron maupun asinkron; serta mendorong kolaborasi melalui proyek kelompok berbasis platform daring yang memudahkan koordinasi dan pembagian tugas. Secara keseluruhan, integrasi teknologi memberikan kontribusi besar terhadap pengembangan 4C, meskipun keberhasilannya tetap sangat dipengaruhi oleh kesiapan guru, dukungan sarana, serta desain pembelajaran yang tepat. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya peningkatan kompetensi digital pendidik dan penguatan lingkungan belajar berbasis teknologi agar keterampilan 4C dapat dioptimalkan dalam pembelajaran abad 21. Kata kunci: Pembelajaran Abad 21; Keterampilan 4C; Integrasi Teknologi; Pembelajaran Modern; Literasi Digital

This study aims to construct a comprehensive concept of Quranic Andragogy based on the profound educational interaction between Prophet Musa a.s. and Prophet Khidir a.s. as narrated in Surah Al-Kahfi. Employing systematic library research with a thematic exegesis approach and rigorous content analysis, this research synthesizes Malcolm Knowles’ andragogy theory with core Islamic values and principles. The findings reveal that Quranic Andragogy transcends conventional Western pragmatism by effectively integrating intellectual autonomy with deep spiritual humility (tawadhu). The narrative illustrates three fundamental pillars of this pedagogical model: the urgency of cultivating internal motivation (the need to know), which is driven by a conscious willingness to 'unlearn' ego and preconceptions; the careful management of cognitive conflict within experiential learning processes; and the consistent implementation of a disciplined, ethically guided learning contract. It is concluded that adult education in Islam requires a careful balance between critical reasoning, reflective practice, and spiritual obedience in order to achieve holistic self-transformation that extends beyond the mere transfer of knowledge and information, fostering both intellectual and moral development in learners.

This study analyzes the sociolinguistic phenomena of code-switching and code-mixing in the academic context of students in Pekalongan, Central Java. As a region with diverse backgrounds dominated by the Pekalongan dialect (Ngapak Javanese), interactions between students create space for complex language dynamics. This study aims to identify variations, roles, and factors that cause code-switching and code-mixing in student interactions. The method applied is descriptive qualitative with data collection through inactive participant observation, recording, and in-depth interviews at various universities in Pekalongan. Data analysis is carried out through the steps of data reduction, data presentation, and verification using triangulation techniques. The results show that the application of language codes is divided into two categories: an internal category that includes Indonesian and regional languages (Javanese), and an external category that includes foreign languages (English or Arabic). Code-mixing can be found at the word, phrase, and clause levels. The main factors that drive this phenomenon include participants, conversation themes, situational circumstances, and the purpose of communication in building solidarity among group members (ingroup).  The Pekalongan dialect plays a crucial role as a means of communication to build closeness and demonstrate local identity, amidst the need to use formal language on campus. This research concludes that code-switching and code-mixing are not merely linguistic phenomena, but also ways in which students adapt socially to balance their cultural identity with academic demands.  

This study analyzes the sociolinguistic phenomena of code-switching and code-mixing in the academic context of students in Pekalongan, Central Java. As a region with diverse backgrounds dominated by the Pekalongan dialect (Ngapak Javanese), interactions between students create space for complex language dynamics. This study aims to identify variations, roles, and factors that cause code-switching and code-mixing in student interactions. The method applied is descriptive qualitative with data collection through inactive participant observation, recording, and in-depth interviews at various universities in Pekalongan. Data analysis is carried out through the steps of data reduction, data presentation, and verification using triangulation techniques. The results show that the application of language codes is divided into two categories: an internal category that includes Indonesian and regional languages (Javanese), and an external category that includes foreign languages (English or Arabic). Code-mixing can be found at the word, phrase, and clause levels. The main factors that drive this phenomenon include participants, conversation themes, situational circumstances, and the purpose of communication in building solidarity among group members (ingroup).  The Pekalongan dialect plays a crucial role as a means of communication to build closeness and demonstrate local identity, amidst the need to use formal language on campus. This research concludes that code-switching and code-mixing are not merely linguistic phenomena, but also ways in which students adapt socially to balance their cultural identity with academic demands.  

Measurement learning is a fundamental and applicable mathematical topic in everyday life, but it often causes learning difficulties for students, especially in understanding the meaning of units, relationships between quantities, and the conceptual measurement process. These difficulties are not only caused by students' limited cognitive abilities, but also by learning designs that do not fully facilitate social interaction and student learning development. This study aims to reconstruct the contextual didactic design in measurement learning by reviewing the role of social interaction and the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) in the student learning process. This study uses a qualitative approach with the type of Didactic Design Research (DDR). The research stages include analysis of the initial didactic situation to identify student learning barriers, implementation of contextual didactic design in measurement learning, and retrospective analysis of student responses as a basis for reconstructing the didactic design. Data were collected through learning observations, analysis of student work results, interviews, and learning documentation. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively by examining social interaction patterns, forms of scaffolding, and student movements in the Zone of Proximal Development. The results of this study indicate that understanding of measurement concepts develops through social interactions between students and between students and teachers within a meaningful learning context. Social interactions and scaffolding provided gradually can encourage students to move from actual abilities to potential abilities within the Zone of Proximal Development. Retrospective analysis indicates that reconstruction of the didactic design is necessary to refine the learning context, activity sequence, and scaffolding strategies to better align with students' learning characteristics. The reconstruction of the didactic design can reduce learning barriers and improve the quality of students' conceptual understanding in measurement learning. This research provides theoretical contributions to the study of social constructivism-based mathematics education and provides practical implications for teachers in designing measurement learning that is more responsive to social interactions and student learning development.

The community in Cibangkong Village, Pekuncen District, Banyumas Regency, still widely uses jamu (traditional herbal medicine) as part of their daily healthcare practices, often in combination with modern medical drugs. Limited understanding of the potential interactions between herbal and pharmaceutical medicines may pose health risks. This community service activity aimed to improve public knowledge and awareness regarding the dangers of drug–herb interactions through educational and interactive approaches. The implementation methods included health education sessions and group discussions. Participants of the activity were members of Muslimat NU 1 Pekuncen. The results showed a 60% improvement in community understanding, based on simple pre-test and post-test evaluations. The community also became more cautious and motivated to consult healthcare professionals before consuming jamu together with prescription medicines. This activity successfully increased public awareness about the safe and responsible use of both modern and traditional medicines.

Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan mengembangkan Sistem Informasi Penjualan berbasis web untuk Gerai Oleh-Oleh Bali yang selama ini masih menggunakan pencatatan manual dengan buku besar dan perhitungan menggunakan kalkulator. Sistem manual tersebut menyebabkan risiko kesalahan pencatatan, lambatnya proses pencarian data, serta kesulitan dalam pengarsipan data penjualan, pembelian, pemesanan, dan pengelolaan stok barang. Penelitian menggunakan metode pengembangan perangkat lunak Waterfall dengan pendekatan pemodelan Unified Modeling Language (UML). Tahapan yang dilakukan meliputi analisis kebutuhan melalui wawancara dengan pemilik gerai, perancangan sistem (Use Case Diagram dan Class Diagram), implementasi, pengujian unit, pengujian sistem menggunakan metode black-box testing, serta tahap pemeliharaan (maintenance). Sistem yang dibangun mencakup fitur login, dashboard, pengelolaan data master (supplier dan barang), transaksi penjualan dengan dukungan scan barcode, transaksi pembelian, laporan penjualan dan pembelian, serta pengelolaan user. Hasil pengujian black-box menunjukkan seluruh test case berstatus Valid dan sistem berfungsi sesuai harapan. Pada tahap maintenance dilakukan contoh corrective maintenance dengan perbaikan bug pada query laporan penjualan harian.Sistem informasi penjualan berbasis web yang dihasilkan mampu mempercepat proses transaksi, mengurangi kesalahan manusia, meningkatkan akurasi data, serta memudahkan pengelolaan stok dan pembuatan laporan secara real-time. Implementasi sistem ini memberikan solusi efektif bagi Gerai Oleh-Oleh Bali dalam meningkatkan efisiensi operasional dan interaksi dengan pelanggan.

Proses pembelajaran yang efektif dan komunikatif menuntut adanya interaksi yang tidak sekadar transfer materi, melainkan juga pertukaran emosi positif dan terbangunnya keakraban antara guru dan siswa. Komunikasi merupakan "jantung" dari pembelajaran. Komunikasi interpersonal yang baik, ditandai dengan kedekatan, kepercayaan, dan keterbukaan, berperan krusial dalam menciptakan iklim kelas yang kondusif, meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa, dan mendukung pencapaian hasil belajar yang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan secara mendalam bagaimana praktik Komunikasi Interpersonal antara guru dan siswa berlangsung dalam proses pembelajaran di MIN 1 Medan, mengidentifikasi tanda-tanda efektivitas komunikasi tersebut, serta faktor-faktor penghambat yang muncul dan cara guru mengatasinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui tiga teknik utama: observasi (pengamatan langsung terhadap interaksi di kelas), wawancara (mendalam dengan guru, kepala madrasah, dan siswa sebagai informan), serta dokumentasi sebagai data pendukung. Analisis data dilakukan secara induktif melalui tiga tahapan model Miles dan Huberman: Reduksi Data (Data Reduction), Penyajian Data (Data Display), dan Penarikan Kesimpulan (Conclusion Drawing/Verification). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Komunikasi Interpersonal di MIN 1 Medan berjalan dengan baik dan efektif. Guru menerapkan pendekatan yang ramah, menggunakan bahasa sederhana, dan teknik pembelajaran aktif (tanya jawab, diskusi) untuk menghilangkan hambatan komunikasi. Efektivitas komunikasi ditunjukkan oleh keaktifan, keberanian siswa berpendapat, serta terbangunnya hubungan yang akrab dan saling percaya. Hambatan komunikasi, seperti perbedaan karakter siswa, suasana kelas yang kurang kondusif, dan kondisi emosional siswa, diatasi dengan pendekatan sabar, empati, dan kreativitas dalam metode mengajar. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa Komunikasi interpersonal yang positif dan akrab antara guru dan siswa merupakan kunci utama dalam menciptakan proses pembelajaran yang nyaman dan efektif di MIN 1 Medan. Guru berperan sentral sebagai komunikator yang adaptif, menjamin bahwa suasana kelas dirasakan siswa sebagai tempat yang aman dan menyenangkan.

Magang Industri (KPI) berfungsi sebagai media bagi siswa untuk menerapkan pengetahuan akademis ke dalam lingkungan kerja nyata, khususnya melalui keterlibatan dalam proses rekrutmen. Penelitian ini dilakukan di PT. Asri Dharma Sejahtera, sebuah perusahaan milik daerah di sektor minyak dan gas, di mana Divisi Sumber Daya Manusia memainkan peran strategis dalam mendukung operasi. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi tahapan rekrutmen dan mentransmisikan efektivitas metode yang diterapkan. Data dikumpulkan secara kualitatif melalui wawancara dengan staf SDM dan observasi langsung terhadap kegiatan rekrutmen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PT. ADS menerapkan proses rekrutmen yang sistematis, mulai dari perencanaan tenaga kerja, pengumuman lowongan pekerjaan, penyaringan aplikasi, tes, dan wawancara. Dua metode utama yang digunakan: bursa kerja dan platform dare, masing-masing dengan kelebihan dan keterbatasan yang berbeda. Bursa kerja efektif untuk interaksi pribadi dan merek pemberitaan kerja, sementara platform berani menawarkan jangkauan yang lebih luas dan efisiensi yang lebih besar. Kesimpulan menyimpulkan bahwa strategi rekrutmen hybrid mengoptimalkan kekuatan kedua metode, menghasilkan proses rekrutmen yang lebih efektif dan adaptif. Rekomendasi tersebut mencakup SOP pemeliharaan yang terperinci, penerapan sistem e-rekrutmen yang komprehensif, dan pelaksanaan evaluasi berkala guna meningkatkan transparansi, kualitas, dan daya saing perusahaan.

Penelitian ini mengkaji persepsi siswa terhadap penggunaan e-learning dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan di SMAN 4 Pekanbaru. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui wawancara terhadap satu guru dan kuesioner terbuka kepada sepuluh siswa kelas XI, penelitian ini menelusuri bagaimana pembelajaran digital memengaruhi pemahaman siswa terhadap nilai-nilai kewarganegaraan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa umumnya memiliki persepsi positif terhadap e-learning karena fleksibilitas dan kemudahan akses, meskipun keterbatasan interaksi langsung menjadi kendala. Hambatan lainnya termasuk koneksi internet yang tidak stabil dan motivasi belajar yang menurun. Namun, strategi pembelajaran kontekstual seperti penugasan presentasi budaya lokal terbukti mampu memperkuat nilai kewarganegaraan dan keterlibatan siswa. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya komunikasi pembelajaran yang efektif dan konten digital yang berpusat pada siswa dalam pembelajaran PKn. E-learning, bila dirancang dengan baik, dapat berperan besar dalam pembentukan karakter dan kewarganegaraan digital.

The rapid development of artificial intelligence has encouraged the widespread use of chatbots on social media platforms, transforming patterns of digital communication and interaction. This study aims to examine the role of chatbots in shaping social interaction, fandom dynamics, and users’ digital identities within contemporary online culture. The research employs a literature review approach using grounded theory as an analytical framework to identify patterns, themes, and emerging concepts from relevant academic publications published between 2021 and 2025. Articles were collected through academic databases and systematically selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings indicate that chatbots have shifted from being purely functional technological tools to becoming cultural actors that influence emotional engagement, community formation, and identity expression in digital spaces. Chatbots contribute to creating perceived emotional closeness, strengthening fandom interactions, and facilitating self-expression, particularly within popular culture and creative industries. However, the study also highlights several challenges, including emotional dependency, algorithm-driven homogenization of preferences, gender bias, and aggressive behavior in human–machine interactions. Cultural context plays a significant role in shaping user acceptance and interpretation of chatbots. These findings imply that chatbot development and implementation should consider not only technical efficiency but also social, psychological, and ethical dimensions to ensure responsible and inclusive digital interaction.

This study aims to describe the perspectives of economic actors regarding the importance of money in daily interactions and transactions. Money, as a medium of exchange, not only facilitates the transfer of goods and services but also shapes more efficient and structured economic behavior. In everyday activities, economic actors view money as an instrument that provides value certainty, transactional convenience, and flexibility in managing needs and expenditures. The role of money is also understood as a factor influencing socio-economic relationships, as interactions between individuals are often grounded in transactional processes that require trust and universally accepted exchange values. Furthermore, the development of payment technologies has broadened economic actors’ understanding of money, especially within the context of digitalized transactions. This study illustrates that money is not merely a transactional tool but also a crucial element in shaping the socio-economic dynamics of modern society. The findings are expected to contribute to microeconomic discussions related to how economic actors utilize money as a fundamental instrument in daily economic activities.

This study aims to examine the concept of educational interaction between educators and students from the perspective of Shaykh Burhanuddin Al-Zarnuji as presented in his monumental work Ta‘līm al-Muta‘allim. This research is based on the assumption that the success of Islamic education is not only determined by the transfer of knowledge but also by the quality of the spiritual and moral relationship between teacher and student. This research utilizes library research supported by a qualitative descriptive approach, focusing on analyzing the educational values contained in Al-Zarnuji’s classical text and their relevance to the modern educational context. The results show that Al-Zarnuji emphasizes the importance of good manners (adab), sincere intention, respect for teachers, and discipline in learning as the core of effective educational interaction. The relationship between educators and students should be built upon compassion, exemplary conduct, and moral responsibility. This concept remains relevant to contemporary education systems in shaping learners who are both knowledgeable and virtuous. Thus, Al-Zarnuji’s thought contributes significantly to strengthening the humanistic and spiritual paradigm of modern education.