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80,083 articles from 753 journals · 2,111 citations tracked

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Analytics

Kurniadi, Wandi; Sofiati, Evi

Journal Media Sosial dan Creative Industries 2026 CV. Seoul Publisher

The rapid proliferation of digital technologies has fundamentally transformed the competitive landscape of the food catering industry, compelling businesses to adopt sophisticated digital marketing strategies to sustain and grow their customer base. This study investigates the relationship between digital marketing strategies and customer loyalty in food catering businesses in Indonesia, with a focus on identifying which digital marketing dimensions most effectively drive loyalty outcomes in the digital era. Employing a quantitative research design with a survey-based approach, data were collected from 215 active customers of food catering services in the Bandung metropolitan area. The digital marketing dimensions examined include social media marketing, content marketing, search engine optimization (SEO), email marketing, and online reputation management. Customer loyalty was measured across four indicators: repurchase intention, referral behavior, emotional attachment, and price insensitivity. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis reveals that social media marketing (β = 0.412, p < 0.001), content marketing (β = 0.318, p < 0.001), and online reputation management (β = 0.287, p < 0.01) are the strongest predictors of customer loyalty. Customer satisfaction and brand trust are confirmed as significant mediating variables in the digital marketing–loyalty relationship. The study concludes that an integrated digital marketing strategy centered on authentic content creation, active community engagement, and proactive online reputation management is most effective in cultivating loyal customer relationships in food catering businesses. Practical recommendations for catering business owners and digital marketing practitioners are presented.

Deta, Veronica Aprilia Avista; Rangga, Yoseph Darius Purnama; Valeria Eldyn Gula

Jurnal Projemen UNIPA 2026 Universitas Nusa Nipa Maumere

This study aims to examine the influence of Content Marketing and Product Quality on Purchase Decisions among consumers of Aldyan Store. The research employed a quantitative method with a survey approach. The population consisted of Aldyan Store consumers, with a sample of 100 respondents selected using a sampling technique appropriate to the characteristics of the study. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, the coefficient of determination (R²), t-test, and F-test with the assistance of SPSS version 23. The results showed that, partially, Content Marketing had a positive and significant effect on Purchase Decisions, with a t-value of 2.544 and a significance level of 0.013 < 0.05. Product Quality also had a positive and significant effect on Purchase Decisions, with a t-value of 2.288 and a significance level of 0.024 < 0.05. Simultaneously, Content Marketing and Product Quality had a positive and significant effect on Purchase Decisions, with an F-value of 9.358 and a significance level of 0.000 < 0.05. The coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.162, indicating that Content Marketing and Product Quality explained 16.2% of the variance in Purchase Decisions, while the remaining 83.8% was influenced by other factors outside the research model. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that Content Marketing and Product Quality play an important role in improving consumers' Purchase Decisions at Aldyan Store. Therefore, Aldyan Store should continue to enhance the quality of its marketing content and maintain product quality to increase consumer trust and purchase intention.

Rizki Wulandari; Naily El Muna; Ashlihah Ashlihah

Jurnal Inovasi Ekonomi Syariah dan Akuntansi 2026 Asosiasi Riset Ekonomi dan Akuntansi Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the marketing strategy implemented by Catering Lapak Ning Icha to increase consumer purchase intention. The background of this research is the intense competition in the culinary MSME sector, particularly catering services, which demands effective and sustainable marketing strategies. A qualitative approach with a case study design was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation involving the business owner (represented by the operator), employees, and consumers. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman model, consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the marketing strategy based on the 7P marketing mix (Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Process, and Physical Evidence) plays a significant role in increasing consumer purchase intention. In terms of product, the catering maintains taste quality, cleanliness, and menu variety. Pricing is set affordably and competitively. Easy location access and accurate ordering and distribution processes support the place and process aspects. Promotion is carried out organically through social media and word of mouth. Additionally, friendly and professional employee service, as well as physical evidence such as a clean business environment and neat packaging, contribute to positive consumer perceptions. The implications of this study suggest that consistent and integrated marketing strategies aligned with consumer needs can effectively enhance purchase intention and customer loyalty. This research serves as a reference for culinary MSME actors in designing effective and sustainable marketing strategies.

Chelsea Rizky Valentia; Aisyah Nurbaiti; Risma Anita Putriani

RISOMA : Jurnal Riset Sosial Humaniora dan Pendidikan 2026 Asosiasi Ilmuwan Pendidikan, Sosial, dan Humaniora Indonesia

Bullying among adolescents is an aggressive behavior carried out intentionally, repeatedly, and involving an imbalance of power between the perpetrator and the victim. This phenomenon is an important issue because it can affect adolescents’ psychological well-being, social relationships, and academic achievement in both the short and long term. This study uses a literature review method by collecting and analyzing recent national and international studies regarding the causes, forms, and impacts of bullying. The findings indicate that bullying is influenced by internal factors, such as low empathy, poor self-control, negative self-concept, and the desire for social recognition. In addition, external factors also contribute, including parenting styles, peer influence, unfavorable school climate, and the development of social media that increases the risk of cyberbullying. The impacts of bullying are experienced not only by victims, who may suffer from low self-esteem, anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal, but also by perpetrators, who are at risk of developing persistent aggressive behavior and reduced empathy. Therefore, cooperation among families, schools, and communities is needed to prevent and address bullying effectively.

Kirana, Pasya Nindio; Habibi , Ahmad; Heni Verawati

Jurnal Projemen UNIPA 2026 Universitas Nusa Nipa Maumere

This study aims to analyze the effect of Augmented Reality-based Virtual Try-On and consumer testimonials on purchase intention toward Maybelline foundation from an Islamic business perspective among Generation Z in Bandar Lampung. This research employs a quantitative approach using primary data collected through questionnaires distributed to 100 respondents. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that Virtual Try-On has a positive and significant effect on purchase intention. Consumer testimonials also have a positive and significant effect on purchase intention. Simultaneously, both variables significantly influence purchase intention. From an Islamic business perspective, the use of technology and consumer testimonials can serve as an effective marketing strategy while maintaining ethical principles such as transparency, honesty, and fairness. 

Muhammad Iqbal; Dimas Perdana Oskar; Andre Ilyas

Journal of Management and Social Sciences (JIMAS) 2026 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi (STIA) Yappi Makassar

This study aims to investigate the impact of short-form video content on brand engagement and purchase intention among Generation Z in South Sumatra. In today’s fast-paced digital era, short-form video content promoted through social media platforms such as TikTok, Instagram Reels, and YouTube Shorts has become a highly effective marketing tool. This study employs a quantitative approach using a survey method, involving 245 respondents aged 18 to 24 years who are active consumers of short-form video content. Data were collected through a questionnaire measured using a 5-point Likert scale, covering variables such as short-form video content, brand engagement, and purchase intention. The results indicate that entertaining, informative, and authentic short-form videos significantly influence brand engagement, which in turn impacts consumer purchase intention. Furthermore, brand engagement was found to mediate the relationship between short-form video content and purchase intention. Dimensions of short-form video content, such as entertainment value, informative content, and authenticity, play an important role in attracting attention and enhancing consumer engagement. These findings provide practical insights for marketers to design more effective marketing strategies, especially in reaching Generation Z consumers who tend to be more selective in consuming content.

Rinaldi Bursan

International Journal of Economics and Management Sciences 2026 Asosiasi Riset Ekonomi dan Akuntansi Indonesia

Algorithmic technologies are widely used in contemporary marketing strategies due to the growth of the digital economy. Digital companies can evaluate consumer activity data in real time and provide highly personalized digital experiences thanks to artificial intelligence-based solutions, especially machine learning. In addition to examining how algorithmic governance and surveillance capitalism affect algorithmic personalization, this study looks into how these mechanisms affect consumer engagement, purchase intention, and perceptions of hyperreality within the digital market ecosystem. 356 active users of digital platforms, such as social media and e-commerce, were surveyed as part of this study's quantitative methodology. The links between the constructs in the suggested conceptual model were examined through data analysis using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that the development of algorithmic personalization systems is strongly influenced by data-driven capitalism practices and algorithmic governance. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that algorithmic personalization improves customers' sense of hyperreality and increases their interaction with digital platforms. Additionally, the study shows that the most powerful factor influencing purchase intention is consumer interaction. By combining viewpoints from technology, the political economics of data, and hyperreality theory into a thorough empirical framework, these findings add to the body of knowledge on digital marketing.

Aisy Fiklil Nafisah; Sudarmiatin Sudarmiatin; Heri Pratikto

International Journal of Economics and Management Sciences 2026 Asosiasi Riset Ekonomi dan Akuntansi Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the determinants of success of PT Makmur Susanti Group, a processed food MSME in Tulungagung, East Java, in achieving “Born Global” status by bypassing the traditional incremental internationalization process and penetrating global markets within only 2.5 years. The research employed a qualitative approach using a single case study method. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with the owner as the key informant, participatory observation, and documentation, and were analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña interactive model, consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the company’s rapid internationalization was supported by three main factors, namely visionary managerial capability reflected in entrepreneurial alertness, continuous product innovation through selective raw material use and flavor localization, and the optimal utilization of digital ecosystems such as B2B platforms and Alibaba. In addition, the study identified a “symbiotic” business model involving export aggregators to serve diaspora niche markets, which challenges the conventional assumption that Born Global firms must independently manage international logistics. Furthermore, the owner’s legal background became a strategic advantage in addressing complex halal regulations and international certification requirements. This research contributes a new perspective on the phenomenon of “non-intentional” Born Global firms and highlights the importance of legal-formal competence for MSMEs, while also providing practical insights for regional MSMEs in integrating local comparative advantages with global competitive standards.

Deventi Krislia Panggalo; Corina Tangdiombo; Rosalinda Samba’ Langi’; Mikael Randa Karaeng; Yulita Kombong

Sukacita : Jurnal Pendidikan Iman Kristen 2026 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat Indonesia

This study examines the concept of God’s holiness in Leviticus 10:1–7 through an exegetical approach to the event of the “strange fire” offered by Nadab and Abihu. The background of this research lies in the need to rediscover the true meaning of God’s holiness, which is often misunderstood in contemporary worship practices. The purpose of this study is to explore the theological meaning of the passage and its implications for faith and worship. The research uses a qualitative method based on literature study, focusing on historical, literary, and thematic analysis of the biblical text. The findings reveal that God’s holiness in this passage is absolute and cannot be violated without serious consequences. The action of Nadab and Abihu in offering unauthorized fire shows that worship is not only about sincere intention but also about obedience to God’s commands. The immediate divine judgment highlights that God’s holiness demands total reverence. Furthermore, this event serves as a warning for the community to maintain holiness in worship. In conclusion, God’s holiness in Leviticus 10:1–7 is radical and requires complete obedience from humanity. The implication of this study is the importance of cultivating reverence, discipline, and obedience in worship, ensuring that faith practices are aligned with God’s will rather than human preference.

I Putu Bintang Pramesta Ardhyan; Tjokorda Gde Raka Sukawati

Jurnal Manuhara : Pusat Penelitian Ilmu Manajemen dan Bisnis 2026 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

The rapid growth of e-commerce and social commerce in Indonesia has shifted consumer behavior in seeking information prior to making purchase decisions, particularly through electronic word of mouth (e-WOM). This phenomenon poses a challenge for local fashion brands such as Hamata Studios, which has relatively low digital visibility despite having favorable product ratings. This study aims to analyze the effect of e-WOM on purchase intention with brand trust as a mediating variable based on the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) theory. This research employs a quantitative approach with an associative research design. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to respondents who are familiar with or have interacted with Hamata Studios, using a non-probability sampling technique with a purposive sampling method. Data analysis techniques include descriptive and inferential statistical analysis using path analysis, as well as mediation testing using the Sobel test and Variance Accounted For (VAF). The results indicate that e-WOM has a positive and significant effect on both purchase intention and brand trust. Furthermore, brand trust has a positive and significant effect on purchase intention. Mediation testing reveals that brand trust significantly mediates the relationship between e-WOM and purchase intention. In conclusion, positive e-WOM can enhance brand trust, which in turn increases consumers’ purchase intention.

Alip Suryo Abdillah; Dorojatun Prihandono

Jurnal Manajemen dan Ekonomi Bisnis 2026 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

The digital era has fundamentally transformed the market landscape, requiring e-commerce platforms to understand the determinants of consumer behavior. This study aims to analyze the role of E-commerce Trust as a mediating variable in the relationship between Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, and Perceived Enjoyment on Purchase Intention. Using a quantitative approach, data was collected from 326 active users of the Lazada platform in Central Java. Data analysis was conducted using the Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) method. The results show that the three main factors ease, usefulness, and enjoyment have a positive and significant influence on Brand Trust and consumer Purchase Intention directly. Furthermore, it was found that E-commerce Trust acts as a crucial mediator that strengthens Purchase Intention through positive user experience. Theoretically, this study strengthens the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) framework and the context of Cross-Border E-commerce (CBEC) in the digital retail industry. Practically, these findings emphasize the importance of optimizing platform features to enhance transaction convenience and security and build long-term loyalty. The research's implications suggest that platform managers should focus on both aesthetics and functionality to create a credible and enjoyable digital shopping ecosystem for consumers in developing regions.

Didit Darmawan; Naila Septiana Camelia

JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN BISNIS EKONOMI 2026 Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis (ITB) Semarang

The global consumption of energy drinks is currently faced with a paradox between the demand for instant performance enhancement and concerns regarding health risks. This study aims to analyze the strategic role of brand image in stimulating consumer purchase intention amidst this perceptual dilemma. Employing a qualitative approach through a literature review method, this research synthesizes findings from nine empirical studies published between 2019 and 2024. The analysis reveals that brand image consistently exerts a positive and significant influence on the escalation of purchase intention. Within a marketing framework, brand image functions as a risk mitigation instrument and a signal of trust capable of constructing positive consumer attitudes. These findings validate the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), where a strong brand identity triggers the psychological drive to perform a purchase. Practically, this study concludes that the effectiveness of energy drink marketing strategies highly depends on building an authentic and responsible brand image to foster public trust and loyalty amidst intense industrial competition.

Regina Suci; Agung Zulfikri

Jurnal Manajemen dan Ekonomi Bisnis 2026 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

This study aims to analyze the comparison of the impact of financial and non-financial compensation effectiveness on turnover intention among Generation Z employees. The high turnover rates within Generation Z, despite receiving adequate financial compensation, indicate a shift in their preferences regarding the workforce. Generation Z tends to seek more than just financial compensation, such as flexibility, a supportive work environment, and opportunities for growth. The method used in this study is a literature review, analyzing various relevant scholarly journals related to strategic compensation, Generation Z characteristics, and turnover intention. The research findings show that non-financial compensation has a more significant impact in reducing turnover intention among Generation Z compared to financial compensation. Therefore, companies need to focus on aspects such as work-life balance, career development opportunities, and an inclusive and supportive work culture. These findings provide valuable insights that companies should adopt a more holistic reward approach through the total rewards concept, which includes both financial and non-financial compensation, in order to enhance loyalty and retention of Generation Z employees in the long term.

Antonius Bambang Doso Susanto; Raymundus I Made Sudhiarsa; Antonius Denny Firmanto

International Journal of Christian Education and Philosophical Inquiry 2026 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidkan Agama dan Filsafat Indonesia

This study examines the lived faith of Catholic migrants from East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) who have migrated to the Muslim-majority landscape of South Kalimantan, Indonesia. These migrants face a profound crisis of identity as they transition from a dominant religious environment to a marginalized minority status, necessitating a research objective that explores how their faith is reinterpreted amidst such socio-religious pressures. Employing a qualitative phenomenological-hermeneutical method, the research utilizes Paul Ricoeur’s threefold mimesis - prefiguration, configuration, and refiguration - as its primary interpretive framework. The findings reveal a significant narrative shift from an inherited “communal Catholic habitus” to a “refigured faith” characterized by personal agency and reflective commitment. This transformation is sustained through adaptive relational ethics, such as the sanctification of work and collaborative hospitality, which allow migrants to navigate their vulnerability. The study synthesizes these experiences to conclude that internal migration constitutes a vital locus theologicus, wherein the rupture of traditional religious structures does not erode faith but rather matures it into a more resilient, intentional, and relational existential orientation. Consequently, migration emerges as a transformative theological process that redefines the intersection of faith, culture, and minority existence in pluralistic societies.

Devani Sephia Dewi; Adhi Prakosa; Guruh Ghifar Zalzalah

Jurnal Manajemen dan Ekonomi Bisnis 2026 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

The food and beverage industry in Indonesia is growing rapidly through digital marketing, particularly through the role of influencers in influencing consumer preferences and purchase intentions. Several influencers are no longer merely collaborating with brands, but are also becoming business owners by leveraging their personal branding and follower base. However, when promoting their own products, the effectiveness of these strategies on purchase intentions is not always consistent. This study aims to examine the influence of the Theory of Planned Behaviour on purchase intention and analyse the role of Parasocial Relationship through influencer authenticity and influencer trustworthiness in regional cuisine at RM Padang Payakumbuah. The research uses a quantitative approach with data from 182 respondents in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, analysed using PLS-SEM. The results show that attitude and influencer authenticity do not have a significant effect on purchase intention, while subjective norm and perceived behavioural control have a significant effect. Furthermore, influencer trustworthiness strengthens the relationship between perceived behavioural control and purchase intention. These findings emphasise the importance of social recommendations, ease of purchase access, and building trust towards influencers.

Fernanda Agip; Adinda Putri Maharani; Zella Nissa

Jurnal Manajemen Riset Inovasi 2026 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Individual behavioral factors are critical determinants of organizational effectiveness and a vital component of modern organizational diagnosis. This study aims to identify and map individual behavioral factors as strategic indicators in organizational diagnosis using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach guided by PRISMA 2020. Analysis of ten selected articles reveals that organizational effectiveness in the digital transformation era is driven by a reciprocal equilibrium between an individual's cognitive infrastructure and volatile work environment demands. The findings synthesize these behaviors into four strategic clusters: psychological well-being as primary infrastructure, digital structural support audits, justice and trust equilibrium, and psychological contract synchronization. This research provides tactical implications for Human Capital practitioners to transform annual diagnostic methodologies toward the implementation of monthly pulse surveys to detect fluctuations in well-being and disengagement intentions in real-time. This predictive diagnostic step is essential to mitigate turnover risks and design precise institutional interventions in hybrid work ecosystems.

Nurmala Nurmala

Student Research Journal 2026 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi (STIA) Yappi Makassar

The phenomenon of violence still often occurs in the world of educationin Indonesia. In the process of teaching and learning activities, violenceagainst children often occurs, therefore a law is needed that canprotect children from violence. The purpose of this study is to determinethe forms of violence against children that often occur in the teachingand learning environment and to determine how legal protectionfor children is according to Law Number 35 of 2014 concerningtheamendment to Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning child protection. This research method is This study uses a type of qualitativefieldresearch, namely a type of research that describes qualitativelytheobject being discussed according to the reality in the field. Qualitativeresearch is a research that uses a natural setting, with the intentionof interpreting the phenomena that occur in depth and is carriedout byinvolving various existing methods with the research approach usedisanormative legal approach to issues concerning the synchronizationof regulations issued by schools regarding legal protection against childviolence or regulations made in the form of student code of conduct books with statutory regulations Number 35 of 2014 concerningchildprotection, which is presented descriptively, namely by describingapolicy related to the synchronization of school regulations with theChildProtection Law. With the results of the study, namely 1) Formsof violence in the teaching and learning process can be physical andnon-physical violence, involving various actions such as beatings, slapping, kicking, insults, threats, teasing, cyber bullying, hazing, and persecution. 2) Law Number 35 of 2014 significantly strengthens legal protectionfor children by establishing a prohibition on violence, regulating ix mechanisms for preventing and handling acts of violence whichisanamendment to Law Number 23 of 2002.

Andri Nugraha Ramdhon

SABER : Jurnal Teknik Informatika, Sains dan Ilmu Komunikasi 2026 STIKes Ibnu Sina Ajibarang

The rapid development of AI-assisted programming has encouraged the emergence of vibe coding, an approach to software development in which developers focus more on formulating intentions, contexts, and constraints through prompts rather than writing code manually. However, existing evaluations of AI-generated code still tend to emphasize functional correctness and productivity, and therefore have not fully addressed the relationship between user intent, technical code reliability, and developers’ understanding of the generated artifacts. This study aims to propose a new evaluation method called TD-VCEM (Three-Dimensional Vibe Coding Evaluation Method) to assess vibe coding practices in a more comprehensive and auditable manner. The proposed method consists of three primary dimensions: Intent Alignment to evaluate the conformity of code with prompt requirements, Code Reliability to assess the technical quality of the generated code, and Developer Cognition to measure developers’ understanding of AI-generated code. TD-VCEM is designed through several stages, including prompt decomposition, prompt-to-code traceability matrix, code reliability assessment, and developer cognition evaluation. Each dimension employs indicator-based scoring rubrics normalized on a scale of 0–100, enabling the construction of a Vibe Coding Evaluation Score (VCES). This study does not present empirical experimental results; instead, it offers a methodological framework that can serve as a foundation for evaluating AI-generated code in modern software engineering environments. The proposed TD-VCEM is expected to improve review process transparency, reduce security risks, strengthen software maintainability, and ensure that developers maintain control and understanding of AI-generated code artifacts.

Mega, Mega; Heni Susilowati

Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Ekonomi 2026 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

This study examines the influence of employer branding and social media on job application intention, with corporate reputation serving as a mediating variable at PT Prima Indah Lestari in the digital era. A quantitative explanatory approach with a causal research design was employed. Data were collected from 96 prospective employees selected through purposive sampling using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics, applying multiple linear regression analysis and the Sobel test. The findings indicate that employer branding, social media, and corporate reputation positively and significantly affect job application intention, both partially and simultaneously. Furthermore, the results confirm that corporate reputation significantly mediates the relationship between employer branding and social media on job application intention.

Sendy Claudia; Suhardi, Suhardi

Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Ekonomi 2026 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

This study aims to elaborate on the determinants of consumer purchasing decisions by emphasizing the role of social media, trust levels, and product quality in the Blibli e-commerce ecosystem in Batam City. The applied methodological framework is based on a descriptive quantitative approach involving 204 respondents with active transaction track records, selected through a purposive sampling technique based on the Jacob Cohen formula to ensure proportionality and validity of sample representation. Empirical data were collected through a structured questionnaire, then processed using comprehensive statistical analysis stages that include instrument validity and reliability testing, classical assumption evaluation, multiple linear regression modeling, and hypothesis testing through partial (t) and simultaneous (F) tests. The analysis results revealed that social media intensity contributed 14.1% to purchasing decisions, trust influenced 36.0%, while product quality influenced 40.4%. The coefficient of determination (R²) value of 86.4% indicates that the three exogenous variables simultaneously have substantial explanatory power towards variations in purchasing decisions. The t-test and F-test findings consistently confirm the significant influence of both individual and collective factors, thus confirming that strengthening digital presence, platform credibility, and consistent product quality are strategic foundations in guiding the preferences and purchasing intentions of Blibli consumers in Batam City.