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This study aims to understand the psychological dynamics of bilih fish traders at Lake Singkarak in facing periods of scarcity, including psychological processes, survival strategies, and the impacts experienced. This research employs a qualitative approach using the Miles and Huberman data analysis model, which includes data collection, data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The results show that the traders possess strong psychological resilience in dealing with economic and environmental pressures. Cognitively, they demonstrate adaptive thinking and maintain optimism; affectively, they are able to manage negative emotions such as anxiety and stress; and conatively, they remain active in making efforts to sustain their businesses. The adaptive strategies implemented include business diversification, restructuring of capital management, and strengthening social networks with fishermen and other business actors. These dynamics are influenced by internal factors such as experience, religious values, and social responsibility, as well as external factors such as environmental conditions and market competition. Overall, psychological resilience, social values, and spirituality are key factors in maintaining business sustainability during periods of scarcity. Therefore, support from the government is needed in the form of training, financial assistance, and policies that favor local business actors.

This study aims to examine the role of management psychology in improving work motivation in organizations through a literature study approach. Data were obtained from various scientific sources relevant to the topics of management psychology, work motivation, and organizations. The results of the study indicate that management psychology plays a significant role in understanding individual and group behavior in the workplace through psychological aspects such as needs, attitudes, emotions, and personality. Work motivation is a key factor influencing employee performance, which is influenced by both internal and external factors, including rewards, work relationships, environmental conditions, and opportunities for self-development. Various motivational theories such as Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Alderfer's ERG, Mcclelland's Needs, And Vroom's expectancy theory provide a foundation for understanding the dynamics of work motivation. In addition, the implementation of the performance management cycle, which includes planning, monitoring, evaluation, and rewarding, has proven effective in improving employee morale.

Mental health among university students has become a critical concern in higher education, particulary as students are required to cope with increasing academic demands, social pressures,and the growing complexity of campus life. At this stage, students are in an early transitional period that requires them to adapt to various changes, both academically and psychosocially. Under thes circumstances, psychological factor play a significant role in helping student maintain mental balance, one of which is emotional intelligence. This study aims to explore and understand the relationship between emotional intelligence and students’ mental health through a literature review approach. The method employed in this study is a qualitative descriptive literature review of 18 national and international scholarly articles published between 2021 and 2025, focusing on topics related to emotional intelligence, academic stress, emotion regulation, and student mental health. The findings indicate that emotional intelligence demonstrates a strong and consistent association with various aspects of students’ mental health, including levels of academic stress, anxiety, depression, academic, burnout, resilience, adjustment abilities, and psychological well being. Students with higher levels of emotional intelligence tend to be more capable of recognizing and understanding their emotions,as well as managing them adaptively when facing academic and social pressures. These abilities contribute to reducing the risk of excessive psychological distress. Furthermore, emotional intelligence functions as a protective factor that support the development of effective coping strategies and healty interpersonal relationship. Therefore, fostering emotional intelligence, through promotive and preventive programs within higher education instituions has the potential to become a strategic effort in enhacing and sustaining students’mental health over the long term.

This community service program addresses the growing ethical challenges of design practices in social media, particularly among children and adolescents. Social media platforms are not merely communication tools but persuasive digital products that influence behavior, emotions, and information consumption. This program aimed to enhance ethical design literacy among members of the Children’s forum in Tangerang Regency through an interactive workshop combining theoretical education, case studies, and practical design exercises. The methodology involved participatory training sessions, including lectures on design ethics, identification of dark patterns, privacy-by-design practices, and hands-on content creation using social media platforms. The results indicate increased participant awareness of ethical principles such as transparency, visual honesty, respect for copyright, and privacy protection. Participants demonstrated improved ability to identify unethical design elements and to produce simple yet responsible visual content. The program contributes to strengthening digital ethics awareness among young social media users and highlights the importance of collaborative, community-based approaches in fostering responsible digital culture.

ABSTRACT Family dynamics such as prolonged conflicts, the existence of domestic violence, divorce, and the absence of one parent figure in the family, have become international issues. Children are often victims of parental problems. Parents often vent their emotions to their children in the form of verbal and non-verbal violence. There are still many parents who think that educating children with violence is a way to discipline children. In this study, the approach method applied is a normative juridical approach by examining data obtained from books, journals, the internet, laws and regulations, or scientific papers related to this writing. Based on the results of the study, we know that by 2025, Indonesia will have recorded 2,416 cases of violence committed by parents, based on data that occurred during the official SIMFONI-PPA period.  Children have the right to be able to live a prosperous life and be guaranteed their growth and development in the future. But in practice, parents are still very irresponsible for it. In overcoming these problems, the Indonesian government and the international community have made efforts with regulations and institutions related to the protection of children's rights. Therefore, it can be concluded that this study emphasizes the importance of improving the protection of children's rights in family dynamics based on the framework of Indonesian and International Law.   Keywords: family dynamics, protection of children's rights, challenges and obstacles.

Self-confidence is an important psychological aspect that affects students' academic, social, and emotional success. Students with low self-confidence often struggle with interactions, expressing opinions, and optimizing their academic potential, which can negatively impact their personal development in school. Therefore, this issue requires attention through appropriate guidance and counseling services. This study aims to review various guidance and counseling strategies to address low self-confidence in students based on a literature review of the last six years. The method used is a library study with a traditional literature review approach, analyzing 15 national and international journal articles. The results indicate that low self-confidence is influenced by internal factors (such as negative self-concept and low self-efficacy) and external factors (such as bullying experiences and lack of social support). The impacts include decreased academic performance, social barriers, and negative emotions such as anxiety. Various guidance strategies, such as individual counseling, group counseling with sociodrama, and empathetic teacher communication, have proven effective in enhancing students' self-confidence. These findings suggest that low self-confidence is not a permanent condition but can be addressed through planned and ongoing guidance interventions. .

 Low student thesis completion productivity is a challenge in higher education, particularly at UIN Palangka Raya. Thesis writing requires self-regulation skills and time discipline to enable students to complete their final assignments effectively and on time. This study aims to analyze the role of self-regulated learning and time discipline in improving the thesis completion productivity of final-year students. The study used a qualitative approach with a case study design of five final-year students who were in the process of completing or had completed their theses. Data collection techniques included in-depth interviews, limited observation, and documentation. The data were then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that self-regulated learning plays a role in helping students plan goals, control motivation and emotions, and conduct consistent self-evaluation. Time discipline has been proven effective in reducing procrastination through the implementation of daily schedules, prioritization, and distraction management. Therefore, the integration of self-regulated learning and time discipline is an important strategy in increasing the thesis completion productivity of students and supporting sustainable academic success.

This study aims to provide a detailed overview of efforts in counseling and guidance programs that teach self-control skills to children whose gaming habits are causing problems. When children spend too much time playing online video games, it can negatively impact their mental health. Problems with emotional regulation, irritability, and lack of self-control in daily life are possible consequences. Appropriate counseling and guidance services are needed to help children develop more adaptive skills to manage their emotions. This study used extensive qualitative data and followed a case study technique. A child whose gaming addiction was causing problems for him participated in the study. Data analysis included tasks such as data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions; data collection methods included documentation, interviews, and observation. Based on the findings, guidance and counseling programs can teach children self-control strategies to help them manage their emotions, reduce irritation, and become more self-aware when playing online games. Therefore, teaching children self-control skills may be a good way to help them overcome negative feelings that arise from playing online video games.

This community service activity aims to improve teenagers' self-management skills through the program “Remaja Jago: Kelola Diri Tanpa Drama”. The program was specifically designed to provide a practical and applicable understanding for youth on how to recognize their own potential, manage emotions effectively, organize time efficiently, and make wise and responsible decisions in daily life. The activity was carried out at Vihara Dhamma Bhakti Tangerang with 20 participants aged 13–20 years, representing a diverse range of educational and social backgrounds. Methods included interactive lectures, engaging educational games, structured group discussions, and guided self-reflection sessions to encourage active participation and deeper personal insight. Evaluation results showed a significant improvement in participants’ decision-making abilities, personal discipline, emotional control, and goal-setting skills after completing the program. In addition, participants demonstrated increased self-confidence and awareness of their strengths and weaknesses. Overall, this program effectively contributes to developing independent, disciplined, and responsible youth character, while also equipping them with essential life skills needed to face various personal and social challenges in the future.

The rapid growth of TikTok Shop as a social commerce platform has led to the emergence of 'toxic content' produced by influencers as a marketing tactic that effectively influences Generation Z's shopping behavior. This study investigates the role of TikTok Shop influencers and their 'toxic content' in stimulating impulse buying behavior among Generation Z consumers in the fast fashion sector, focusing on the psychological mechanisms involved, the most frequently purchased product categories, and the broader impacts of these consumption patterns. A qualitative research approach with a phenomenological design was used, and data were gathered through in-depth interviews with eight informants: six Generation Z consumers aged 19–24 years and two active TikTok Shop fashion influencers, selected via purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña (2014). Findings show that 'toxic content' acts as a stimulus within the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) theoretical framework, triggering impulse buying within minutes by evoking positive emotions and urgency. The Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) mechanism, driven by emotional triggers like time scarcity, social proof, and exclusivity, was the most dominant psychological factor. The most commonly purchased items were tops, coordinated sets, aesthetic bottoms, locally-made footwear, and accessories. The effects of 'toxic content' are financial, psychological, social, and environmental. This study advances influencer marketing literature and provides insights into Generation Z’s consumer behavior in the social commerce age.

The Fruit of the Spirit is an important theological value to teach children because it contains points for everyday behavior. However, learning about the Fruit of the Spirit often encounters obstacles and is difficult for children aged 8-12 years to understand because it is considered too abstract and difficult to convey in simple language. Furthermore, obstacles come from the learning media used which are still conventional. Therefore, effective learning media are needed that can attract the interest and motivation of children to want to learn and apply the Fruit of the Spirit in everyday life, such as board games. In board games, there are components that can attract emotions and can be used as media, namely character pawns. The method used is the Design Thinking method with descriptive analysis. This approach is used to analyze data from the results of observations, interviews, literature studies, and questionnaires, as well as to develop concepts and design results. Thus, the character pawns can be created with a human-centered design approach, which is able to create visuals that have a close relationship with children's psychology.

This study aims to analyze the influence of parenting styles on the emotional development of early childhood based on a literature review. Emotional development is a crucial aspect of character formation, emotional regulation, and children’s social skills in daily life. The research method employed is a literature review, which involves examining relevant sources such as academic journals, books, and research The methodology utilizes a synthesis of peer-reviewed journals and relevant publications concerning the impact of caregiving styles on early childhood emotional maturity The reviewed literature was analyzed descriptively to identify patterns and trends in previous research findings. The results of the literature review indicate that parenting styles have a significant influence on children’s emotional development. Democratic (authoritative) parenting is consistently found to have the most positive impact on children’s emotional development, including better emotional regulation, self-confidence, independence, empathy, and social competence. Children raised with democratic parenting tend to express their emotions in a healthy manner and adapt well to social environments. In contrast, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful parenting styles are often associated with emotional difficulties, such as low social skills, poor self-control, and challenges in managing emotions. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that democratic parenting plays a vital role in supporting optimal emotional development in early childhood

Social media is one form of technological advancement that has become an integral part of students’ lives, including university students. Its use is not limited to communication and information sharing, but it may also generate psychological effects that influence both physical and mental health. The purpose of this review is to identify and explain the psychological impacts of social media use through appropriate theoretical approaches, which serve as a foundation for discussing the research findings. This study employs a literature review method by examining various academic books and relevant scientific articles. The findings indicate that excessive use of social media has the potential to cause psychological problems among university students, such as social comparison behavior, cyberbullying, decreased sleep quality, and reduced learning productivity. These issues are influenced by several factors, including the intensity of social media use, the type of content accessed, and individuals’ ability to manage emotions and time. Furthermore, uncontrolled social media use may lead to difficulties in social relationships, increased procrastination, poor time management, and reduced self-control in using social networking platforms. Therefore, students are encouraged to develop healthier patterns of social media use to reduce the risk of psychological disturbances. This review is also expected to assist healthcare professionals in understanding the relationship between the intensity of social media use and the occurrence of depressive symptoms among university students.

This study explores emotional instability and its impact on happiness, focusing on Positive Psychology, Neurobiology, and Stoicism. It aims to identify factors influencing instability of happiness, including stress, social support, and neurobiological dynamics. The research seeks to develop effective strategies to enhance emotional stability and long-term well-being, contributing to theories and practices for fostering enduring happiness in individuals and society. This study employs a qualitative approach, combining in-depth interviews and document analysis to explore emotional instability and strategies for lasting happiness. Nine participants from psychology, neurobiology, and Stoicism fields share personal experiences through narrative analysis, identifying patterns in happiness fluctuations. A comprehensive literature review enhances findings, ensuring validity, credibility, and a holistic understanding of factors influencing emotional well-being.Research reveals happiness is multifaceted, influenced by psychology, neurobiology, and philosophy. Factors like stress, personality, and social support impact emotional stability. Positive psychology emphasizes gratitude, mindfulness, and cognitive restructuring. Stoicism focuses on self-control, acceptance, and living virtuously. Neurobiology highlights the role of brain chemistry and lifestyle factors like diet and exercise. By integrating these perspectives, individuals can cultivate resilience, manage emotions, and enhance overall well-being.This research examines emotional instability and its impact on happiness, combining insights from Positive Psychology, Neurobiology, and Stoicism. Key factors include stress, neurochemical imbalances, and social support. Strategies such as emotional regulation, mindfulness, and resilience-building enhance stability. The study highlights the integration of ancient wisdom and modern science to foster enduring happiness and improve overall well-being.

The development of digital technology and the widespread use of social media, particularly Instagram and TikTok, have opened opportunities for online interaction but also increased the risk of cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is aggressive behavior via digital media intended to harm or degrade others. One psychological factor believed to influence this behavior is emotional regulation, which is the ability to manage and express emotions appropriately in different situations. This study aims to examine the relationship between emotional regulation and cyberbullying behavior among early adult students in Jambi. A quantitative approach with a correlational design was used, involving 127 students aged 18–25 years, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using an online questionnaire, which included an emotional regulation scale and a cyberbullying behavior scale. Data analysis was conducted using the Pearson Product Moment correlation test with SPSS software. The results showed a significant negative relationship between emotional regulation and cyberbullying behavior, with a correlation coefficient of r = -0.632 and a significance level of p < 0.001. This indicates that students with better emotional regulation skills are less likely to engage in cyberbullying. Thus, enhancing emotional regulation skills could be an effective strategy in preventing cyberbullying among students.

Academic procrastination is the behavior of deliberately delaying the completion of tasks even though individuals are aware of the negative consequences for their learning outcomes. This phenomenon is commonly found among students at various educational levels, ranging from secondary school to higher education, and often results in decreased academic achievement, lower quality of completed assignments, and increased levels of academic stress among students. This condition indicates that academic procrastination has become an important issue that requires attention within the educational process. This study aims to examine self-regulation as an indicator for the early detection of academic procrastination in the context of guidance and counseling services in educational settings. The method used in this study is a literature review by analyzing various scientific journal articles relevant to the research topic. The results of the review show a consistent negative relationship between self-regulation and academic procrastination. Students who possess a high level of self-regulation tend to be more capable of managing their time, emotions, and learning motivation effectively, enabling them to be more disciplined in completing academic tasks. Conversely, low levels of self-regulation contribute to an increased tendency to delay academic tasks. These findings confirm that self-regulation can serve as a strategic indicator for early detection as well as a target for preventive interventions through guidance and counseling services in schools.

This study aims to examine the shift of utterances from criticism to hate speech in digital communication related to the Iran-United States-Israel conflict in 2026 on social media. The study focuses on the transformation of the functions and meanings of users’ comments, which initially appear as opinions or criticism but gradually evolve into expressions that contain elements of hate speech. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method, using a pragmalinguistic approach to interpret the meanings of utterances based on linguistic context, speaker intention, and surrounding social circumstances. The data were obtained from users’ comments on posts shared on Instagram and TikTok through observation and documentation. The collected data were then analyzed by classifying utterances into several categories, including criticism, emotional criticism, offensive speech, personal attack, and hate speech. The findings reveal that the transformation of utterances into hate speech occurs gradually rather than instantly. Initially, evaluative criticism tends to shift due to the increasing use of emotional, sarcastic, and derogatory language, eventually developing into personal attacks, negative labeling, and even dehumanization toward certain groups. These findings indicate that social media may amplify the emergence of hate speech by providing users with broader opportunities to express emotions freely. Therefore, the pragmasemantic approach is considered relevant in understanding the dynamics of meaning transformation in digital communication.

Students' learning processes are not only determined by cognitive abilities but are also greatly influenced by accompanying psychological aspects. At the junior high school (SMP) level, students are in the early adolescence phase, which is characterized by significant changes in emotions, motivation, and social needs. This condition makes psychological aspects a crucial factor in determining learning success. This study aims to examine the psychological dynamics that influence the learning process of junior high school students and their implications for the implementation of learning. The research method used is field research with a descriptive qualitative approach. The results show that learning motivation, emotional state, learning strategies, and social environmental support have interrelated roles in shaping students' learning experiences. Differences in students' psychological states contribute to variations in engagement and learning outcomes. Therefore, understanding students' psychological dynamics is crucial for teachers in designing effective, comfortable, and meaningful learning.

Emotional intelligence (EI) is an essential competency for early childhood education (ECE) teachers in fostering supportive and emotionally responsive learning environments. However, many ECE teachers in Indonesia have limited access to structured EI training. This community service program aimed to strengthen the emotional intelligence of non-formal ECE teachers from HIMPAUDI Cipayung, East Jakarta, through interactive lectures and reflective practice using Points of You (Flow) cards. The training focused on four EI domains: self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management. Results showed a substantial improvement in participants’ understanding, with average scores increasing from 30.5 (pre-test) to 90.9 (post-test). Most participants (85%) reported that the training was beneficial and expressed readiness to apply the strategies in classroom practice. Observations also indicated improved teacher confidence in managing children’s emotions and building positive interactions. These findings demonstrate that reflective and experiential EI training effectively enhances ECE teachers’ emotional competencies and supports the creation of a positive social-emotional learning environment.

The advancement of digital technology has led to the extensive adoption of social media by teenagers. Social media has become a means of communication, entertainment, and an easily accessible source of information, but its use also has various impacts on adolescent mental health. This study aims to examine the influence of social media on adolescent mental health through a literature review approach. The method used was a literature review, reviewing various scientific journals, books, and academic articles relevant to the topic of social media and adolescent mental health. The data obtained was analyzed descriptively and qualitatively to identify patterns of findings and trends in previous research. The findings of the research show that social media usage has both beneficial and detrimental effects on the mental health of adolescents. On the positive side, social media also can be means of self-expression, expanding social networks, and obtaining emotional support. However, excessive and uncontrolled social media use possesses the ability to create adverse effects, such as increased anxiety, stress, depression, low self-confidence, and impaired self-image due to social comparison. Furthermore, exposure to negative content, cyberbullying, and pressure to gain social approval also contribute to the decline in adolescent psychological well-being. The duration of use, the type of platform, and adolescents' ability to manage emotions and time also influence the level of perceived impact. Therefore, the active role of parents, educators, and the social environment is needed to provide guidance and digital literacy education so that teenagers can utilize social media sensibly. Through effective management, it is anticipated that social media can be used constructively while prioritizing adolescent mental health.