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The development of social media has made slang a dominant part of the communication of Generation Z adolescents in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of digital slang, its influence on adolescent communication skills, and its implications for language education. The study employed a systematic literature review with a critical interpretivism approach and reference to the PRISMA guidelines. Data were obtained from scientific articles from 2020–2026 through Google Scholar, SINTA, DOAJ, and Semantic Scholar. The results indicate that slang has ambivalent impacts. On the one hand, intensive use of slang can reduce the ability to use formal language in academic contexts. On the other hand, slang also supports the formation of social identity, group solidarity, and communication flexibility through code-switching practices. This study found that awareness of communication context is a crucial factor in determining the impact of slang use on adolescent communication competencies. Therefore, Indonesian language learning needs to develop an approach based on register awareness and digital literacy to be more relevant to the realities of Generation Z communication.

This study aims to examine the influence of students' dominant use of regional languages on their Indonesian speaking skills. Employing a qualitative approach, data were collected through observations and open-ended questionnaires. The research subjects were fifth- and sixth-grade elementary school students attending TPQ Al-Muhajirin, located in a community where regional languages are predominantly used in daily communication. The findings indicate that students who primarily communicate in regional languages encounter several difficulties when speaking in Indonesian, including challenges in selecting appropriate vocabulary (72.2%), constructing grammatically accurate sentences (36.1%), code-switching between regional languages and Indonesian (86.1%), and a lack of self-confidence when speaking Indonesian (47.2%). In contrast, students who are accustomed to using Indonesian did not experience such challenges. To overcome these difficulties, students adopted various strategies, such as practicing speaking in Indonesian regularly (36.1%), seeking assistance from teachers or peers (55.6%), and engaging with Indonesian-language materials through reading and video content (5.6%). These results suggest that the dominant use of regional languages significantly affects the speaking skills of elementary school-aged children. Consequently, there is a need for more intensive interventions aimed at enhancing students' Indonesian speaking abilities, such as fostering an environment that actively supports the use of Indonesian in daily communication.    

The purpose of this research is to identify the different forms of translanguaging utilized in general English classes at a university in Karawang, while also exploring the students' attitudes toward the use of translanguaging in the English language classroom. The primary research objective is centered on the types of translanguaging employed in the general English classes at a university. Furthermore, the study aims to ascertain the students' perceptions concerning the application of translanguaging in their general English language learning. This research employs a descriptive qualitative analysis as its methodological approach. The results revealed that a teacher used code-switching to assist students in understanding complex English language concepts. Additionally, the teacher frequently applied translation patterns in general English classes. As for students' perspectives, the findings suggest that the use of translanguaging can enhance their comprehension of the English language when presented by their teacher. Ultimately, this research argues that the implementation of translanguaging strategies by educators is particularly advantageous in augmenting students' comprehension of English language skills within the classroom setting.

This study analyzes the development of expressive language skills in children aged 4 to 5 years living in multilingual environments. The research aims to understand how exposure to multiple languages influences the expressive abilities of young children. A qualitative approach was applied, involving observation and structured interviews with parents and educators. Findings indicate that children in multilingual settings exhibit varied vocabulary usage and code-switching behaviors, with some delays in expressive fluency compared to monolingual peers, yet with enhanced pragmatic skills. The study highlights the importance of supportive linguistic environments and tailored educational strategies to foster optimal language development. These findings have implications for educators, speech therapists, and parents in managing multilingualism during early childhood.

This research is motivated by the symptoms of language selection in Ustazah Mumpuni Handayayekti, namely code switching and code mixing. The objectives of this study are 1) to describe the form of code switching in Ustazah Mumpuni Handayayekti's lecture, 2) to describe the factors causing code switching in Ustazah Mumpuni Handayayekti's lecture, 3) to describe the form of code mixing in Ustazah Mumpuni Handayayekti's lecture, 4) to describe the factors causing code mixing in Ustazah Mumpuni Handayayekti's lecture. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The data source in this research is Ustazah Mumpuni Handayayekti's lecture video on Youtube. The data in this study are the speech of Ustazah Mumpuni Handayayekti which allegedly contains symptoms of code switching and code mixing. The data collection method in this research uses the listening method. As for the data collection technique, this research uses free listening and note-taking techniques. The data analysis method in this research uses the agih method. The results of this study show that there are several types of code switching and code mixing done by Ustazah Mumpuni Handayayekti. The forms of code switching found in this study are 1) internal code switching, 2) external code switching. While the form of code mix found in this study is code mix in the form of words, phrases, idioms, baster, and repetition. Factors causing code switching in Ustazah Mumpuni Handayayekti's lectures include 1) speakers, 2) speech partners, 3) to ease tension and inject humor,  4) changes in situation, and 5) changes in topic. While the factors causing code mix in Ustazah Mumpuni Handayayekti are 1) speakers, 2) limited word equivalents, 3) to generate a sense of humor, 4) to convey the message of cultural expression.

This study examines code-switching practices in Asian professional workplaces, with a specific focus on its linguistic and cultural dimensions. Through a multidisciplinary theoretical framework incorporating Communication Accommodation Theory and Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions, the research investigates how professionals strategically employ code-switching to foster workplace inclusivity, manage hierarchical relationships, and adapt to industry-specific communication demands. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, collecting data through semi-structured interviews with 50 professionals, online surveys (n=200), and 100 hours of workplace observations across various Asian business settings. Results indicate that code-switching serves multiple functions: enhancing communication clarity (87% of respondents), reflecting and reinforcing cultural norms (73%), and mitigating power imbalances in hierarchical structures (65%). The findings underscore code-switching's strategic role in navigating multicultural professional environments, offering practical insights into effective cross-cultural communication strategies and fostering of cohesive professional interactions in Asian workplaces. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on linguistic adaptation in professional contexts and provides practical implications for managing multilingual workplaces in Asia.

Code-switching and code-mixing are common in various types of media, such as movies, TV shows, books, and articles. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach to examine and describe data on code-switching and code-mixing. By using this approach, the researcher can provide a detailed description of how this linguistic phenomenon occurs in the context of the movie. The researcher collected data by watching and listening to the movie Turah and taking notes. This allowed the researcher to record the form of code-switching and code-mixing. The purpose of this study is to describe how the form of code-switching and code-mixing, as well as the factors that can cause the occurrence of code-switching and code-mixing

Language in the digital era functions not only as a communication tool but also as a reflection of personal and collective identity. Language use on digital platforms, such as social media, reflects self-expression, image building, and cultural affiliation. However, globalization and the dominance of foreign languages, especially English, pose challenges to preserving local identity. This study employs a qualitative approach through interviews and document analysis to explore how language shapes personal identity in the digital era. The findings indicate that language in digital spaces allows individuals to express creativity while facing social pressures to construct specific images. Nonetheless, phenomena such as code-switching and slang usage highlight the influence of global culture. To maintain a balance between global adaptation and local cultural preservation, collaboration among individuals, communities, and governments is needed through education, cultural campaigns, and technology. With this approach, language can become a tool for fostering cultural solidarity and preserving diversity in an increasingly connected world.

This study aims to describe the form of code switching and code mixing as well as the factors causing code switching and code mixing in the speech of the Pakpak tribe in Lae-Motong Village, Penanggalan District, Aceh Singkil Regency. The method used in this research is qualitative method. The results of this study found 75 conversational data containing code switching and code mixing. Code switching was found as much as 9 data in the form of internal code switching while external code switching was not found. Code mixing was found as much as 66 data in the form of inner code-mixing which is divided into 3 forms, namely: 1) 56 data in the form of words, 2) 5 data in the form of phrases, and 3) 5 data in the form of word repetition while no data was found in the form of outer code-mixing. There are 4 factors that cause code switching, namely: 1) speakers or speakers, 2) listeners or interlocutors, 3) changes in the situation or the presence of a third person, and 4) changes in the topic of conversation. The factor that causes code-mixing is the linguistic background of both speakers and their speech partners.

Language diversity allows each person to use more than one language. The use of several languages ​​in communication presents the potential for code mixing and code switching. These two linguistic events often occur in various environments, even in the mass media. This study aims to describe (1) the types and forms of code switching in the film Ngeri Ngeri Sedap; (2) factors that cause code switching in the film Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap; and (3) the use of the analysis results as a review of communication between teenagers in the school environment. This study is a qualitative descriptive study. The data collection technique used is the free listening technique with advanced techniques in the form of note-taking techniques. Data analysis is carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that: (1) there are 15 internal code switching data involving Indonesian, Batak, Sundanese, and Javanese. (2) the results of the analysis can be used as a review of communication between teenagers in the school environment.

This research aims to describe and analyze the phenomenon of code switching and code mixing used by speakers in the Faculty of Languages ​​and Arts (FBS). This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The subjects used in this research were students and students in the Faculty of Languages ​​and Arts (FBS). The object of this research is speech about the use of code switching and code mixing used in everyday communication.  The data collection techniques used in this research are direct observation, interviews and recording techniques. The results of this research show that the code switching and code mixing that occurred was Javanese, Batak, English and Indonesian. The types of code switching found were Indonesian to Batak, from Indonesian to Javanese, and from Indonesian to English and vice versa. The types of code mixing found are code mixing in and code mixing out using Indonesian, English and Javanese with word forms and expressions.

This research aims to describe and analyze the phenomenon of code switching and code mixing used by speakers in the Faculty of Languages ​​and Arts (FBS). This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The subjects used in this research were students and students in the Faculty of Languages ​​and Arts (FBS). The object of this research is speech about the use of code switching and code mixing used in everyday communication.  The data collection techniques used in this research are direct observation, interviews and recording techniques. The results of this research show that the code switching and code mixing that occurred was Javanese, Batak, English and Indonesian. The types of code switching found were Indonesian to Batak, from Indonesian to Javanese, and from Indonesian to English and vice versa. The types of code mixing found are code mixing in and code mixing out using Indonesian, English and Javanese with word forms and expressions.

The importance of English in Indonesia has grown significantly in recent years. This widespread influence is obvious in various sector of Indonesia seciety, from business to education and media. Digital platforms like YouTube play a significant role in English language learning by exposing young Indonesians to English content and bilingual speakers who switch between Indonesian and English. Consequently, YouTube has become an effective tool for language learning, making English more accessible and engaging for Indonesian audiences. This study aims to analyze the types, functions and factors of code-switching used on the Korean YouTube channel Reomit. The research method involves descriptive qualitative analysis, with data collection centered on five videos from the Korea Reomit YouTube channel, focusing on themes related to meats, soupy foods, and snacks. The analysis reveals that the types of code-switching present on the Korea Reomit channel include inter-sentential, intra-sentential, and tag switching. The functions of code-switching identified in the study include discussing specific topics, emphasizing points, interjections, repetition for clarification, intention for clarification, and expressing group identity. The factors influencing code-switching are identified as participant, topic, status, and solidarity.

This study deals with code-switching and code-mixing found in Nessie Judge YouTube channel. Code switching is about the language that switched from their native language to the other language while they are in the conversation. Code mixing is about the language that mixes in variations because they had competence in the language. The objective of this thesis to find the types of code switching and code mixing used by Nessie Judge YouTube channel when she conveying the story using the English language and Indonesia language. In order to conduct the research, the writer used the qualitative research approach. The data is taken from language of the character in which it contains two languages. It is found that the types of Code-Switching used by Nessie Judge on her YouTube Channel are intra-sentential code-switching,inter-sentential code-switching, and tag switching. From the data, the writer found 19 intra-sentential code-switching, 21 inter-sentential code-switching, and 6 tag-switching by replacing a single word or phrase. Second, it found that the types of code mixing used by Nessie Judge in the YouTube channel are insertion, alternation, and congruent lexicalization. From the data, the writer found 21 insertions, 17 alternations, and 12 congruent lexicalizations.

The objective of the research was to describe tag and intersentential code switching found in English young learners classroom interaction at Ganesha English Courses Lubuklinggau. The research questions in this research was they were what were tag and intersentential code switching found in English young learners classroom interaction. Setting of this research were Ganesha English Courses Lubuklinggau. The qualitative approach in descriptive qualitative research design was used in this research because the data was in the form of words rather than the number. The data were collected by means of the observation and interviews. Then the data were analyzed by using transcribing and analyzing. The result of this research show, there were found 31 data; (1) 15 tag codes switching, and (2) 16 intersentential codes switching.

In social life, language is very much needed as a means of social communication between one human being and another. The language used in society has a variety of languages, such as the language used in the film "Yowis Ben: Finale" by Bayu Skak. In the film, the characters use Javanese with very diverse dialects. However, there are also conversations with other language codes, namely Indonesian as a form of code switching and code mixing. From the explanation above regarding the background, this research uses sociolinguistic studies. Furthermore, the formulation of the problem in this research is the form of dialect variation in the film "Yowis Ben: Finale", the form of code switching in the film "Yowis Ben: Finale", and the form of code mixing in the film "Yowis Ben: Finale". This research uses a qualitative descriptive method which is expected to explain the data found objectively. The data sources for this research are words, phrases, clauses and sentences in conversations between characters in the film. Then, the techniques used to collect data are documentation techniques in the form of bush techniques and note-taking techniques.  The results of the research in the film "Yowis Ben: Finale" are (1) the form of dialect variations, (2) internal code switching, and (3) external code switching, (4) positive code mixing, and (5) negative code mixing.

The purpose of this study is to ascertain how students at STISIPOL Candradimuka Palembang feel about teachers using code switching when teaching English. The study sample consisted of 37 students from the Social Welfare Science course. The Qualitative survey research design was applied in this study. The questionnaire was spread to the students as the research instrument to investigate students’ perception. The result of the questionnaire was analyzed by using the Likert scale to know the degree of agreement and disagreement. The study's findings demonstrated that students had a positive perception of teachers who code-switch between Indonesian and English because it makes learning the language more fun and motivates them to try having conversations in it.

This research aims to describe the use of language in community interactions at the Motabuik terminal, Atambua City. The use of language in question is the form and function of code switching and code mixing in the interaction of the Motabuik Terminal Community, Atambua City. The data referred to in this research is code switching and code mixing in the interactions of the Atambua City Terminal Community, in the form of speech between the Motabuik Terminal Community. The speech in question is in the form of a conversation containing words, phrases, clauses and sentences that have elements of code switching and code mixing. Data collection was carried out using listening, note-taking and introspection techniques. Data analysis techniques were carried out with all utterances that showed the occurrence of code switching and code mixing in interactions at the Motabuik Terminal, Atambua City which contained elements of code switching and code mixing. Data collection was carried out by listening, taking notes and introspection. Data analysis techniques were carried out with all utterances that showed the occurrence of code switching and code mixing in the interaction of the Motabuik Terminal community, Atambua City, identified and carded complete with their construction. Next, classification and categories of the overall data are carried out. The data was analyzed by selecting and sorting out the forms and functions of code switching and code mixing in the interactions of the Motabuik Terminal Community, Atambua City. After being analyzed and classified, the data is described and explained to find out the form and function of code switching and code mixing in the interaction of the Motabuik Terminal Community, Atambua City. The results of the research show that there are two types of code switching in the interaction discourse at the Motabuik Terminal, namely in the form of language transfer, includes code switching from Atambua language to Indonesian and code switching from Indonesian to Atambua language at the Motabuik terminal, namely internal code mixing in the form of Atambua language words and phrases and connecting Indonesian as a unifying language communication tool at the terminal, the code mixing function has aspects speech, to explain, provide information and respect passengers.

This research aims to describe the forms of code switching and code mixing, and describe the factors that cause code switching and code mixing in Daddy Corbuzier's podcast: Honestly Livy Renata. The research method used in this research method is a qualitative descriptive method. From this analysis, it was found that there were 9 code-switching utterances and code-mixing utterances in the video.

This research aims to describe the types of code switching that occur in English language learning at MA Al Fatah Kota Mulya in four meetings. This type of research is descriptive-qualitative research. The subjects of this research were the eleventh-grade students. The object of this research is a speech on the use of code switching, which includes the types of code switching in English language learning at MA Al Fatah Kota Mulya. The results of the research show that there are 8 types of code switching in English language learning at MA Al Fatah Kota Mulya. Furthermore, all data is divided into 3 types of code switching: (1) intra-sentential switching occurred in 1 data (12,5%), (2) inter-sentential switching occurred in 3 data (37,5%), and (3) tag switching occurred in 4 data (50%). So, the most dominant type of code switching is tag switching.