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This research is motivated by the need for interactive digital learning media to increase interest in learning and understanding of multiplication concepts in elementary school students. This study aims to develop interactive Math Space media based on space math adventure games on multiplication material for third-grade students of Mursyidah Elementary School and assess its feasibility based on aspects of validity, response, and effectiveness. The method used is research and development with a 4D model that includes the stages of definition, design, development, and dissemination. Data were collected through expert validation, teacher and student response questionnaires, and learning outcome tests. The results showed that the Math Space media has a very high level of validity with a percentage of 94% from material experts and 95% from media experts. Meanwhile, positive responses from teachers and students were 94.5% which is included in the very good category. Meanwhile, the effectiveness test produced an N-gain value of 0.87 which is in the very effective category, so this media is proven to be able to significantly improve understanding of multiplication concepts. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the interactive Math Space media is valid, has received positive feedback, and is effective for use in learning mathematics, especially multiplication, and has the potential to be developed for other materials and subjects.

An appropriate strategy has become a crucial factor for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in maintaining customer loyalty. This study focuses on analyzing the implementation of marketing communication strategies adopted by Nasi Goreng Barokah Jaya, an MSME located in Cikampek, to retain its loyal customers. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach based on the 7P Marketing Mix theory developed by Kotler and Keller (2016). Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation involving the business owner, employees, and loyal customers. The data were subsequently analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, while data validity was ensured through triangulation. The findings reveal that direct interaction, responsive and friendly service, word-of-mouth promotional activities, and personalized approaches serve as the main pillars in building customer loyalty. Customer loyalty is significantly influenced by product quality, price affordability, service reliability, and the emotional bond established between the business and its customers. These findings confirm that simple yet consistently implemented marketing communication strategies are effective in maintaining a loyal customer base in the culinary MSME sector.

This study was motivated by the low basic multiplication skills of third-grade elementary school students, particularly in conceptual understanding, calculation accuracy, and problem-solving abilities. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the Jarimatika method combined with the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model on students’ basic multiplication skills. This study employed a quantitative approach using a one-group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 30 third-grade students of SD Negeri Sukanegara. Data were collected through pretest and posttest instruments that had been tested for validity and reliability. The results showed a significant improvement in students’ multiplication skills after the treatment, as indicated by the increase in the mean score from 55.17 in the pretest to 80.00 in the posttest. The paired sample t-test analysis revealed a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores (t = -10.951, p = 0.000 < 0.05). The findings indicate that the implementation of the Jarimatika method combined with the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model effectively improves students’ basic multiplication skills and supports more active and meaningful mathematics learning.

This study examines the role of extension agents in supporting the success of beef cattle farmer groups in Tabongo District, Gorontalo Regency. The success of farmer groups is influenced not only by livestock potential, but also by the effectiveness of extension services, institutional capacity, and farmers’ willingness to adopt improved farming practices. Using an explanatory approach, the study collected primary data from 50 members of beef cattle farmer groups across nine villages through a Likert-scale questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, and multiple linear regression. The descriptive findings show that extension agents performed well as educators, facilitators, motivators, dynamizers, and catalysts. However, the catalyst role was excluded from the regression model because its indicators were invalid. Partially, only the motivator role had a significant effect on group success, with a coefficient of 1.683, t-value of 4.758, and significance value of 0.000. The educator, facilitator, and dynamizer roles showed positive but insignificant effects. Simultaneously, the roles of extension agents significantly influenced group success, with an F-value of 9.474 and significance value of 0.000. The R Square value of 0.457 indicates that extension agents explained 45.7% of group success.

The quick advancement of digital technology has drastically changed the social and religious life of Indonesian teenagers. The purpose of this study is to investigate how pupils at Al Muslim Junior High School's daily worship practices, self-control, and fear of missing out (FoMO) affect the principles of Islamic Religious Education (PAI). The study used a quantitative methodology with a causal and correlational design. All students in grades VII, VIII, and IX made up the study population for the 2025–2026 school year. Using the Slovin formula, a proportionate stratified sample of 171 students with a 5% margin of error was chosen. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire was used to gather data. The Pearson Product-Moment correlation (r > 0.30) was used to evaluate validity, while Cronbach's Alpha (α > 0.70) was used to test reliability. Multiple linear regression using SPSS version 26 was used for quantitative analysis, beginning with traditional assumption tests for heteroscedasticity (Glejser), multicollinearity (VIF), and normality (Kolmogorov-Smirnov). According to the analysis results, self-control had a substantial, favorable impact on the practice of PAI values, but FoMO had no significant influence (β = -0.034, p = 0.530).

This study is intended to examine the pivotal function of youth-based organizations as a communication link between society and local governments, along with assessing how the delivery of these aspirations influences the quality of both the policy formulation process and its results at the regional level. A qualitative approach with descriptive analysis was applied in this research, where data were gathered through literature studies, document review, and direct observation of relevant social occurrences. The results highlight that youth institutions play a crucial part in gathering, sorting, and communicating various public demands, necessities, and expectations to the authorities in charge. Their active engagement contributes significantly to positive outcomes, such as enhancing the precision, suitability, and responsiveness of the policies drafted, while ensuring these regulations correspond with real conditions and community requirements. Moreover, involving youth groups reinforces policy validity and fosters greater transparency and accountability within local government administration. This research concludes that maximizing the function of youth organizations is a necessity to realize good governance and public policies that prioritize the common good and public interest.  

This study aims to clarify the conceptual differences between measurement, assessment, and evaluation; present a comparative analysis of their characteristics; formulate concrete application examples across four Arabic language skills (istima', kalam, qira'ah, and kitabah) in madrasah; and analyze evaluation principles in creating an objective and fair assessment system. The study employs a library research method with a descriptive-analytical approach through content analysis of relevant academic sources. The findings indicate that measurement, assessment, and evaluation form a hierarchical and mutually reinforcing relationship, yet they differ in scope, function, and purpose. Measurement focuses on quantifying learning outcomes, assessment interprets those results, and evaluation provides overall judgment for decision-making. The current imbalance in Arabic language evaluation at madrasah, which often emphasizes cognitive measurement alone, can be improved through comprehensive assessment of all four language skills. This should be grounded in principles of validity, reliability, objectivity, practicality, and positive washback to ensure a fair, meaningful, and educationally sound evaluation system.  

This study aims to (1) describe the development of Dakpin media for learning the concepts of Greatest Common Factor (GCF) and Least Common Multiple (LCM) for fourth-grade students at MI Tarbiyatul Banin, and (2) determine the validity of the developed media. The research employed the ADDIE development model, consisting of Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate stages. The study was conducted at MI Tarbiyatul Banin during the first semester, involving 11 fourth-grade students as research subjects. Data were collected through material and media expert validation questionnaires, student response questionnaires, tests, observations, and interviews. The results indicate that the Dakpin media was successfully developed through all stages of the ADDIE model and was considered highly valid for use in mathematics learning. Validation results showed an average score of 93.75% from material experts and 94.79% from media experts, both categorized as “very valid.” In addition, student responses toward the use of Dakpin media reached 91%, indicating a highly positive reception. These findings suggest that Dakpin media is appropriate and effective as a learning tool to support students’ understanding of GCF and LCM concepts in elementary mathematics learning.

The difference in the determination of when a divorce takes effect between Islamic law and statutory law raises issues in the judicial practice of the Sharia Court. In a number of cases, judges have issued a single bain sughra divorce even though, according to Sharia law, the husband has already issued three divorces. This raises issues regarding the validity of reconciliation and its legal implications for the status of the children. This study aims to analyze the differences in the concept of divorce, the reasons for the judges’ decisions, the validity of reconciliation, and the legal consequences for children in both legal systems. This study employs a mixed-methods approach (normative and empirical) using legislative, conceptual, and comparative frameworks. The analysis is conducted through comparative theory, legal certainty, maqāṣid al-syarī’ah, and child protection. The results indicate a fundamental difference between substantive validity in Islamic law and formal validity in positive law. The Sharia Court’s ruling on a single bain sughra divorce is based on procedural caution, yet it creates a dualism regarding the validity of reconciliation and the potential for legal uncertainty. Regarding children, positive law provides full recognition, while Islamic law continues to emphasize the caution regarding lineage but is oriented toward protecting the best interests of the child. This study offers an integrative approach by recognizing out-of-court divorce as a substantive legal fact to bridge legal certainty and justice.

This study was motivated by the fact that students still experience difficulties in understanding Nahwu and Shorof despite studying both sciences in Islamic boarding schools. The purpose of this research was to examine the perspectives of Arabic language, Nahwu, and Shorof teachers regarding the importance of Nahwu and Shorof in Arabic language learning, their understanding of the concepts and applications, and the effectiveness of learning implementation at Madrasah Aliyah Al-Hidayah East Tanjung Jabung. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach using interviews, observations, and documentation as data collection techniques. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, while data validity was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The findings revealed that teachers considered Nahwu and Shorof as the fundamental basis of Arabic language learning because these sciences regulate sentence structures, word transformations, and meanings in Arabic texts. Teachers believed that mastery of Nahwu and Shorof is essential for understanding the Qur’an, hadith, and classical Islamic books. The learning process was considered fairly effective since many students already had prior knowledge from pesantren education and showed progress during the learning process. However, the effectiveness of learning still faced several obstacles, including low student motivation, differences in students’ basic abilities, limited learning time, and the complexity of the material. This study concludes that improving the quality of Nahwu and Shorof learning requires more varied teaching methods, continuous motivation, regular material reinforcement, and stronger institutional support.

 The quality of digital system services in the ship clearance process is closely related to the work effectiveness of shipping agency companies. The advancement of port operational services is influenced by the system’s ability to provide convenience, speed, accuracy, and service integration for users. The system used in the ship clearance process must be able to meet user needs and support inter-agency coordination so that ship services can operate more effectively and efficiently. This study aims to analyze the performance level and the level of user importance regarding the implementation of the Single Submission Pengangkut System in the ship clearance process at PT Trans Cakrawala Perkasa. The research employed a descriptive quantitative approach with a sample of 30 respondents consisting of ship agents involved in the clearance process. Data were collected through questionnaires, observations, and literature studies. The data were analyzed using validity tests, reliability tests, conformity level analysis, and the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method. The results indicate that the SSM Pengangkut System has made a positive contribution to accelerating document processing, facilitating system usage, increasing work productivity, and supporting coordination among related agencies. Based on the IPA Cartesian diagram, one indicator was identified as a priority for improvement, while other indicators were categorized as maintain performance, low priority, and high performance with lower importance levels. Overall, the implementation of the Single Submission Pengangkut System has been running quite well; however, continuous evaluation and improvement are still needed to optimize the ship clearance process further.

This study aims to analyze the role and variation of test instruments in measuring students’ cognitive domain in the learning evaluation process. Using a literature review method, this study examines various scientific sources related to educational evaluation and cognitive assessment. The findings indicate that the cognitive domain includes thinking skills ranging from lower-order thinking skills (C1: Remembering, C2: Understanding) to higher-order thinking skills (C3: Applying, C4: Analyzing, C5: Evaluating, and C6: Creating) based on Bloom’s Taxonomy. Test instruments such as multiple-choice, essay, true-false, matching, and oral tests possess different characteristics, advantages, and limitations for assessing specific cognitive levels. Objective tests are considered effective for measuring lower-order thinking skills because they offer high reliability and objectivity, whereas essay tests are more appropriate for assessing higher-order thinking skills (HOTS). In addition, the quality of test instruments is influenced by validity, reliability, objectivity, difficulty level, and discrimination index. Therefore, the appropriate and varied use of test instruments is essential to obtain comprehensive and accurate measurements of students’ cognitive abilities and to support effective learning evaluation and instructional decision-making processes.

This study aims to analyze the effect of wages and work environment on employee performance at PT. Rezeki Surya Gasindo. The background of this research is based on the importance of decent wages and a conducive work environment as factors that can enhance employee productivity and work quality. This study employs a quantitative method with a causal associative approach. Data were obtained through the distribution of questionnaires to all employees of PT. Rezeki Surya Gasindo and measured using a Likert scale. The data analysis techniques used in this study include validity and reliability tests, R-square test, and hypothesis testing through bootstrapping with SmartPLS 3 software. The results indicate that wages have a positive and significant effect on employee performance, and similarly, the work environment also has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Simultaneously, wages and work environment are proven to have a significant effect on employee performance. These findings suggest that the company should pay attention to providing appropriate wages and creating a comfortable work environment in order to optimize employee performance.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in the economy, yet limited access to capital remains a major obstacle. Sharia financing from Islamic microfinance institutions is expected to support MSME business sustainability. This study aims to analyze MSME customers' perceptions of sharia financing, identify the internal and external factors influencing these perceptions, and examine the dynamics of perception changes after receiving multiple financing facilities. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation from MSME customers receiving sharia financing at BMT NU Ngoro Regional Office. Data validity was ensured through source and method triangulation. The findings indicate that MSME customers generally hold a positive perception of sharia financing. It is perceived as offering easy procedures, good service quality, and compliance with Islamic principles, thereby supporting capital increase and business sustainability. Perceptions are influenced by internal factors such as business experience and motivation, as well as external factors including market conditions and competition. Furthermore, customers' perceptions tend to become progressively more positive as their experience with receiving financing increases. The significant role of interpersonal service quality and mentoring in shaping positive perceptions is a key finding. In conclusion, sharia financing at BMT NU Ngoro Regional Office plays a vital role in supporting MSME business sustainability. Consequently, continuous improvement in service quality and business assistance is necessary.

This study aimed to describe: (1) the development process of the Eksotika Pop-Up Book media on local wisdom material for fourth-grade elementary school students, (2) the validity of the media, (3) its effectiveness, and (4) students’ responses toward the media. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, consisting of Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. The study was conducted at UPT SDN 256 Gresik. Data were collected through interviews, observations, validation questionnaires from media and material experts, student response questionnaires, and learning outcome tests. The results showed that the Eksotika Pop-Up Book media was feasible for use in learning activities, obtaining a media expert validation score of 95.31% and a material expert validation score of 93.75%, both categorized as very valid. The media and content were aligned with the learning objectives and supported students’ understanding of local wisdom traditions in Gresik, including Rebo Wekasan, Malam Selawe, Pasar Bandeng, Sanggring, Pencak Macan, and Damar Kurung. Therefore, the Eksotika Pop-Up Book is considered valid and feasible as an alternative learning medium for Grade IV IPAS learning.

This study aims to know the management of the Mosque Prosperity Board (BKM) of At- Tawwabin Mosque, Jalan Pimpinan, Medan City, in community economic empowerment. The background of this research is based on the need to optimize the function of mosques not only as places of ritual worship but also as centers of social and economic empowerment. In practice, the management of mosque assets such as parking areas and the organization of Ramadan stalls has become a strategic effort implemented by BKM to improve the welfare of the surrounding community. However, the implementation of these policies also creates social dynamics that require professional and equitable management.This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with the chairman and administrators of BKM, parking attendants, and Ramadan stall traders, as well as documentation of mosque activities. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, supported by triangulation techniques to ensure data validity.The findings indicate that the management of BKM At-Tawwabin has implemented planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling functions in managing mosque-based economic programs. Parking management provides employment opportunities for local residents, while Ramadan stalls significantly increase the income of small traders during the holy month. Overall, participatory and structured management enables the mosque to function not only as a center of worship but also as a center of economic empowerment that contributes meaningfully to community welfare.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of digital recruitment, including its supporting and inhibiting factors, as well as the challenges faced in its application at PT Sumber Abadi Karya. This research employs a qualitative approach using a case study method. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observation, and documentation involving key informants such as the General Manager, HR staff, and administrative personnel. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, while data validity was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The findings indicate that digital recruitment implementation remains partial and not yet fully integrated. Digitalization has been applied mainly in administrative aspects such as job vacancy dissemination and applicant data recording, while core selection processes are still conducted manually. Supporting factors include managerial awareness, organizational policies, and ease of data management, whereas inhibiting factors involve system limitations, human resource readiness, and low applicant response through digital platforms. The main challenges lie in system integration, workforce adaptation, and organizational culture transformation. Therefore, a structured and gradual implementation is required to enhance the effectiveness of recruitment processes sustainably.

This study aims to explore issues faced by students and the contribution of guidance and counseling (BK) services in addressing various challenges at MTSN Cirebon. The issues studied include low levels of discipline, school withdrawal behavior, lack of learning motivation, and smoking habits among students. This study employed a qualitative, descriptive approach. Participants in the study consisted of BK teachers, students, and student organizations (OSIM and MPK) selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using an interactive model involving data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Its validity was tested through triangulation of sources and techniques. The findings of this study indicate that the issues faced by students are influenced by internal and external factors, such as lack of self-awareness, low learning motivation, environmental impacts, and excessive use of social media. BK services play a vital role in addressing these issues through preventive and curative approaches, as well as collaboration between teachers, students, parents, and school organizations. In addition, consistent discipline, engaging learning methods, and monitoring of student behavior are also crucial elements in problem-solving efforts. This research confirms that resolving student issues requires a comprehensive and collaborative approach across all parties within the school environment. Guidance and counseling services play a strategic role in supporting students in overcoming challenges and developing their full potential.

Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are crucial for driving regional economic expansion. Many MSMEs have not yet optimally utilized accounting data in selecting investments. This study aims to analyze the influence of accounting knowledge, entrepreneurial traits, and subjective norms on the use of accounting information in investment decision-making among MSMEs in Semarang City. Using a quantitative approach, this study surveyed 80 MSMEs selected through purposive sampling. Data were obtained through questionnaires with a five-point Likert scale and analyzed using multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS after undergoing validity, reliability, and classical assumption tests. The results showed that partially accounting knowledge (t = 3.337; sig = 0.001) and entrepreneurial traits (t = 2.272; sig = 0.026) had a positive and significant effect on the use of accounting information, while subjective norms had no significant effect (t = -0.788; sig = 0.433). Simultaneously, the three independent variables significantly influence the use of accounting information (F = 5.306; p = 0.002) with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.173. This finding indicates that increasing accounting and entrepreneurial knowledge can encourage the use of accounting information in investment decision-making in MSMEs.

Chronic kidney disease is a progressive disease requiring long-term hemodialysis therapy that may cause physical, psychological, social, and spiritual problems. Patients undergoing hemodialysis often experience spiritual distress due to changes in health conditions and dependence on therapy. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the duration of hemodialysis and the level of spiritual distress in chronic kidney disease patients at the Hemodialysis Unit of Baiturrahim Hospital Jambi. This study used a quantitative design with a cross sectional approach. The sample consisted of 57 respondents selected using a purposive sampling technique. The research instrument used a spiritual distress questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability with a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.955. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that most respondents underwent hemodialysis for ≥12 months, totaling 39 respondents (68.4%), and the majority experienced moderate spiritual distress, totaling 20 respondents (35.1%). Statistical analysis showed a p-value of 0.030 (p<0.05), indicating a significant relationship between the duration of hemodialysis and the level of spiritual distress in chronic kidney disease patients. The longer patients undergo hemodialysis, the lighter the spiritual distress tends to be because patients gradually adapt to their disease condition and therapy.