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Azman Pasaribu; Nelly a sinaga; Jeniusman hutagalung

JURNAL EKONOMI BISNIS DAN MANAJEMEN (JISE) 2025 CV. ALIM'SPUBLISHING

Writing this thesis aims to determine the effect of training and human resource development on employee performance at the Sibolga Sambas sub-district office. The problem encountered in this study is that there are employees who are not disciplined and lack experience in their work.The formulation of the problem in this study is what is the effect of training and human resource development on employee performance at the Sibolga Sambas sub-district office? Meanwhile, the purpose of this research is to find out whether there is an effect of training and human resource development on employee performance at the Sibolga Sambas sub-district office. The proposed hypothesis is that there is an effect of training and human resource development on employee performance at the Sibolga Sambas sub-district office. The population in this study were PNS and THL employees at the Sibolga Sambas sub-district office totaling 70 people. The data collection technique is done by distributing questionnaires. The data analysis technique used is quantitative analysis.It can be concluded that, Ha is accepted. For this reason, it is recommended that companies pay attention to HR training and development in order to improve employee performance. However, this application is not the only strategy that must be done, because there are many other strategies to improve employee performance which are not the author's study.

Wahyu Nisa Oktavia; Yamasitha Yamasitha; Chintya Ones Charli

Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen dan Inovasi Riset 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

This study aims to determine the influence of training and work facilities on employee performance through work discipline as an intervening variable in PT Semen Padang. The method of collecting data is through surveys and distributing questionnaires to employees as respondents using a quantitative approach. The data analysis technique used is structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis with Partial Least Square (PLS) 3.0.The results of the study show that there is a positive and insignificant influence between work facilities on employee performance through work discipline at PT Semen Padang. There is a positive and significant influence between training and work discipline. There is a positive and significant influence between work facilities on work discipline at PT Semen Padang.There is a positive and significant influence between training on employee performance at PT Semen Padang. There is a positive and significant influence between work discipline on employee performance at PT Semen Padang. Training has a positive effect and mediates work discipline on employee performance.

Indha Aprida Sutari; Yusuf Ronny Edward; Cut Fitri Rostina; syaifuddin syaifuddin

Journal of Management and Social Sciences 2025 CV. Aksara Global Akademia

This study aims to test and analyze the effect of human resource information systems, training, and motivation on employee performance through work discipline as an intervening variable. Employee performance in a company is influenced by several aspects, one of which is the human resource information system, training, motivation and work discipline. Human resource information systems are technological systems that produce information outputs that support reliable decisions and are able to make it easier for workers to complete their responsibilities. Then training is carried out according to the needs of employees balanced by motivation. The discipline aspect also provides important things for success in improving employee performance. The research location is at PT.Socfin Indonesia (Socfindo) Medan located at JL.KL. Yos Sudarso No.106. Medan. Where the linear regression analysis method and sample testing researchers in this study used the slovin formula. As a sample of 150 permanent employees and 30 respondents as validity and reliability tests. The classic assumption test and hypothesis testing (path analysis technique). Based on the results of hypothesis testing in this study, it shows that human resource information systems, training, motivation simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on work discipline. And simultaneously the variables of human resource information systems, training, and motivation have a positive and insignificant effect on employee performance. While work discipline has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Furthermore, the variables of human resource information systems, training, motivation have a positive and significant effect on employee performance through work discipline as an intervening variable on employees of PT Socfin Indonesia (SOCFINDO) Medan.

Adi Neka Fatyandri; Antonio Tantra Wijaya

Jurnal Pengabdian Sosial 2024 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Kingbread, a bakery that has been operating since 2018, faces a major challenge in the form of employee indiscipline that has the potential to hinder the production and distribution process. To overcome this problem, Kingbread implemented an employee performance appraisal system that aims to improve productivity and discipline. The methods used include interviews, observations, documentation, and quantitative research to collect relevant data. The performance appraisal system is designed with key indicators such as responsibility, punctuality, quality of work, and communication, using a Google Form-based form for efficient data collection. The implementation results showed success in forming a comprehensive performance appraisal guide, creating an integrated data collection system, and producing in-depth performance analysis reports. Recommendations for further PkM include developing a training system based on individual employee needs, increasing the use of technology for data integration, and holding regular employee motivation programs. With this approach, Kingbread can continue to improve the quality of human resources, maintain productivity, and maintain competitiveness in the local market.

Jarimuddin Jarimuddin; Gunawan Gunawan; Bahtiar Maddatuang

Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen dan Inovasi Riset 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

This study aims to examine the impact of training and work motivation on employee performance, with work discipline acting as an intermediary variable that mediates the influence of both variables on employee performance. This study uses a quantitative method with a descriptive design to gain a deep understanding of the relationship between these variables. The research sample consisted of all 49 employees of the Class II B Bantaeng Detention Center, selected using a saturated sampling technique, where all employees served as respondents. Data were collected through field observations and a questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale, which included questions regarding training, work motivation, work discipline, and employee performance. This questionnaire was designed to measure respondents' perceptions of the factors that influence their performance, as well as the relationship between the variables of training, motivation, work discipline, and employee performance. After the data were collected, an analysis was conducted using path analysis to identify the direct and indirect influences between the variables involved in the research model. The results showed that training and work motivation have a positive and significant influence on work discipline. This means that the better the training provided to employees, and the higher their level of work motivation, the better the employee's work discipline will be. Furthermore, good work discipline has a direct effect on improving employee performance. In other words, work discipline acts as a mediator that strengthens the relationship between training, motivation, and employee performance. These findings confirm that non-technical factors such as training and work motivation play a significant role in improving employee performance by enhancing their work discipline. This study provides important insights into the importance of effective training and high motivation to foster good work discipline, which in turn can improve employee performance.

Devie Mathilda Lumentut; Carolin Felisitas Telah

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ekonomi dan Akuntansi Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the efforts made by the management of CV Goodspeed Coffee Bitung to improve employee performance and company revenue, as well as to identify the factors influencing employee performance. Additionally, this research examines the impact of employee performance on customer satisfaction and loyalty. A qualitative approach was used to gather in-depth information through interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings show that CV Goodspeed Coffee's management has implemented strategies such as setting clear work targets and conducting regular training to improve employee performance. Factors influencing employee performance include work discipline, skills, and positive attitudes. Good employee performance has been shown to have a positive impact on customer satisfaction and loyalty, which in turn increases the company's revenue. This study is expected to contribute theoretically to the development of human resource management and provide practical benefits for the company, academia, and the author for further development in the field of employee performance management.    

Panusunan Panusunan; Emmi Juwita Siregar; Nenni Faridah Lubis; Mutiara Mutiara; Rabiyatul Adawiyah Siregar +1 more

Jurnal Visi Manajemen 2024 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Pariwisata Indonesia Semarang

This study aims to develop a Work Discipline Training Program (P3K) in the Paluta Education Office environment. The problems studied are 1) How is the level of work discipline of employees in the Paluta Education Office environment? 2) How is the quality of service in the Paluta Education Office? 3) How is the performance of administrative staff in the Paluta Education Office? The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection is done through interviews, observation, and document study. The results showed that the level of work discipline of employees in the Paluta Education Office still needs to be improved, especially in the aspect of attendance and compliance with regulations. The quality of service in the Paluta Education Office is also not optimal, with public complaints regarding the slow administrative process. The performance of administrative staff still needs to be improved, especially in communication skills and mastery of information technology. This research resulted in the design of a Work Discipline Training Program (P3K) which is expected to improve discipline, service quality, and employee performance in the Paluta Education Office environment.

Filippus Cahyo Setyawan; Freddy Johanis Rumambi; Sri Sundari; Marisi Pakpahan; Bambang Rismadi

International Journal of Management 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the influence of motivation, incentives, and work discipline on employee performance in the Finance Department of Bandung Adventist Hospital. The method used is multiple linear regression analysis to determine the relationship between independent variables (motivation, incentives, and work discipline) and the dependent variable (employee performance). The analysis results indicate that motivation has a significant and positive effect on employee performance, with a regression coefficient of 0.326 and a significance level of 0.009, supporting the hypothesis that motivation plays an important role in enhancing employee productivity and commitment. Conversely, the incentive and work discipline variables show a negative and non-significant effect on performance, with coefficients of -0.162 and -0.208, respectively. This suggests that the current incentive and work discipline practices are not fully effective or do not meet employee expectations. Simultaneously, the three independent variables have a significant effect on employee performance, with the F-test showing a significance level of 0.009. This study recommends that management prioritize motivation improvement through training programs, rewards, and the development of a supportive work environment. Additionally, it is essential to evaluate the incentive system and adopt a more flexible disciplinary approach to align with employee needs and expectations.

Suparjo, Suparjo; Kumala, Charisha Mahda; Dana, Yoga Adhi; Sunarsih, Endang Sri

Jurnal Ilmiah Serat Acitya 2024 Universitas 17 Agustus 1945

Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah Perilaku Inovatif memiliki efek mediasi pada hubungan antara Disiplin kerja , Budaya kerjam dan Pelatihan dengan kinerja. Data dikumpulkan dari 170 tenaga Kesehatan pada 10 Puskesmas yang berada di Wilayah Kabupaten dan Kota Madia Pekalongan, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Responden dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Pemodelan persamaan struktural digunakan untuk menganalisis data yang dikumpulkan. Studi ini mengungkapkan: 1) Disiplin kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perilaku Inovatif, 2) Budaya kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja, 3) Pelatihan mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja , 4) Disiplin kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja, 5) Budaya kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perilaku inovatif, 6) Pelatihan mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap perilaku inovatif 6) Perilaku inovatif mampu memediasi hubungan Disiplin kerja, Budaya kerja, dan Pelatihan dengan kinerja. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan kinerja Pegawai Puskesmas di Pekalongan dapat ditingkatkan dengan meningkatkan disiplin kerja, Budaya kerja, dan Pelatihan melalui efek tidak langsung melalui variabel Perilaku Inovatif dari pegawai. Kata kunci: Disiplin kerja, Budaya kerja, Pelatihan, Perilaku Inovatif, Kinerja.   Abstract The main objective of this study was to determine whether Innovative Behavior has a mediating effect on the relationship between Work Discipline, Work Culture,  and Training with performance. Data were collected from 170 Health workers at 10 Health Centers located in the Regency and City of Pekalongan, Central Java Province. Respondents were selected using purposive sampling techniques. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the collected data. This study revealed: 1) Work discipline has a significant effect on Innovative behavior, 2) Work culture has a significant effect on performance, 3) Training has a significant effect on performance, 4) Work discipline has a significant effect on performance, 5) Work culture has a significant effect on innovative behavior, 6) Training has a significant effect on innovative behavior 6) Innovative behavior is able to mediate the relationship between Work Discipline, Work Culture, and Training with performance. This study recommends that the performance of Health Center Employees in Pekalongan can be improved by improving Work Dicipline, Work Culture, and Training through indirect effects through the Innovative Behavior variable of employees.

Kavita Vailany

Maeswara : Jurnal Riset Ilmu Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

Human resource management is the development of human resources that functions in carrying out human resource planning, implementation, recruitment, training, employee career development and conducting initiatives for the organizational development of an organization or company. The purpose of this study was to determine the organizational culture and work discipline affect employee performance. In this study, researchers used statistical quantitative analysis, multiple linear regression analysis and coefficient of determination analysis with the help of IBM SPSS 25 software. The sample used in this study was a saturated sample of 40 employees. The results of this study obtained using the t test that organizational culture partially has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with a significant level of 0.002 <0.05 and t test results of 3.316> 2.022. Work discipline partially has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with a significant level of 0.001 <0.05 and t test results of 3.491> 2.022. Organizational culture and work discipline simultaneously have a positive and significant effect with a significant level of 0.000 <0.05 and F test results of 17,066> 3.25 on employee performance.

Sandriane Meiladinov; Nida Handayani

Presidensial : Jurnal Hukum, Administrasi Negara, dan Kebijakan Publik 2024 Asosiasi Peneliti dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

East Ciputat District one of the government institutions that has the task of providing community services. In providing services, Ciputat Timur District still has several problems, namely that performance accountability is not yet optimal, the use of information technology has not been optimized to help the smooth running of services, and the pattern of training for officers is not yet oriented towards improving performance. The purpose of this research is to determine the current performance of employees in East Ciputat District, South Tangerang City. The research method used in this research is descriptive with a qualitative approach, with data collection techniques namely observation, interviews and documentation. This research is based on the theory of Employee Performance Indicators by Bernardin (2016), and found several findings that now East Ciputat District employees have experienced an increase in their performance. This is known from the quality of employee performance which satisfies community expectations, and also from employee responsiveness in resolving problems. Apart from that, employees can also responsibly complete 3 cycles of work activities, successfully achieve predetermined performance targets, as well as being disciplined in carrying out their main duties. Apart from that, the employees are agile and have good synergy in working.

Nurifi Nurifi; Elisabeth Endang Prakosawati

Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Digital Terkini 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

Air transportation is the primary choice due to its speed, safety, and comfort. Airports are places where aircraft land and take off and conduct various activities related to passengers and cargo, categorized into domestic and international. The Apron Movement Control (AMC) unit at PT Angkasa Pura I oversees movements in the apron area and provides services to airport users. Strict supervision is required to maintain safety and discipline on the apron. However, observations at the AMC at Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport in Makassar show a lack of discipline among staff, such as oil spills on the apron, which pose a safety hazard. This research aims to understand the role of AMC in enforcing employee discipline and the challenges faced at Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport in Makassar. This research employs a qualitative approach to understand the phenomena in the Apron Movement Control unit at PT Angkasa Pura I, Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport in Makassar, from June 1 to July 31, 2024. Primary data were collected through interviews and direct observations, while secondary data were obtained from company documents and literature studies. Data analysis involves reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing, with data validity tested through source, technique, and time triangulation. Research steps include interviews, observations, data analysis, and conclusion drawing.The results show that the Apron Movement Control (AMC) unit at Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport in Makassar plays a crucial role in maintaining security, order, and discipline on the apron. They control the movements of aircraft, vehicles, and personnel and ensure operations follow safety procedures. AMC also acts as disciplinarian and educator through regular training. However, they face challenges such as a lack of employee understanding of procedures, limited communication equipment, communication challenges due to noise, and high operational pressure. To overcome these challenges, AMC needs to strengthen training, improve communication and coordination, enhance facilities, and increase employee welfare. These measures are expected to improve AMC's performance and instill a strong work discipline culture, making them the front line in maintaining airport security and operational efficiency.    

Bagas Adhi Pradana; Agung Muhammad Rizky Firmansyah; Nawang Kalbuana

Jurnal Riset Ilmu Kesehatan Umum dan Farmasi (JRIKUF) 2024 LPPM STIKES KESETIAKAWANAN SOSIAL INDONESIA

Airplane Accident Assistance and Fire Fighting (PKP-PK) is a unit at the airport that is responsible for handling aviation emergencies and fires. This research discusses the influence of work discipline and work safety on the work effectiveness of PKP-PK unit employees at airports. Work discipline itself means attitudes and behavior that show compliance and adherence to the rules, norms, procedures and work ethic established in the workplace. Meanwhile Occupational safety itself is a series of actions, policies and procedures implemented to protect the health and safety of employees in the workplace. The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of employee work discipline and work safety on the effectiveness of the PKP-PK work unit. This research also aims to determine the effectiveness of the work of firefighters regarding obstacles and the efforts made to overcome these obstacles.The method used in this research is library research, which involves collecting and analyzing data from various relevant literature sources. This research focuses on previous studies regarding work discipline and work safety on work effectiveness in the PKP-PK unit. The research results show that good work discipline and safety have a positive effect on the work effectiveness of the PKP-PK firefighting unit employees. Discipline that is embedded in the souls of every employee increases work effectiveness and enthusiasm for work, so that responses to emergency situations can be carried out quickly and effectively. Therefore, there is a need for better personnel training and more detailed safety equipment readiness to improve operational performance.

Solehan Solehan

Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen dan Inovasi Riset 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

As company organizations develop, the need for training both functionally and technically is very necessary, apart from filling positions but also in order to meet the demands of work and service needs to the community. The problem is, how human resources (employees) are able to meet the expectations that have been set based on the vision and mission of an institution, organization or company, from this problem it seems that there needs to be a balance between company orientation. which will be directed at the performance that must be expressed by employees in realizing optimal organizational development. In this article, the research used is qualitative descriptive research, so it uses phenomena in which there are interview points. The phenomenon used as a reference is development, education and training as well as employee performance skills. This phenomenon is then used as a reference to determine the efforts made by institutions, organizations and companies to improve employee human resource capabilities. Based on the results of interviews that have been conducted, it can be seen that in improving the quality of human resources, the role of education and training is very necessary, especially after trainees have attended training, because to know employee development, continuous evaluation is needed to monitor progress. Education and training are very necessary in order to improve the abilities, professionalism and discipline of employees which are then used as the driving force for achieving the company's vision and mission.

Khoirul Zulfa; P. Edi Sumantri; Ratna Puji Astuti

Prosiding Seminar Nasional Ilmu Ekonomi dan Akuntansi 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ekonomi dan Akuntansi Indonesia

This research aims to determine and analyze the influence of the physical work environment, job training, compensation and work discipline on the performance of CV employees. Bintang Rema Utama Purwokerto production department. The population in this study were all employees of CV. Bintang Rema Utama Purwokerto production section in November 2023 as many 149 people. The samples obtained were 109 using the probability sampling method with a sampling technique, namely simple random sampling technique. This research uses multiple linear regression analysis tools with the help of SPSS statistics 26 software. The results of this research show that the physical work environment, job training, compensation and work discipline have a positive and significant effect on the performance of CV employees. Bintang Rema Utama Purwokerto production department. The implication in this research is that there is more attention from CV leaders. Bintang Rema Utama Purwokerto strives to improve the performance of its employees, such as providing lighting, circulation and room humidity that supports it, providing training materials that are easy to understand, providing adequate benefits and facilities, and warning employees whose attendance is not on time.

Arum Suryaningtyas; Sri Sundari; Herwiek Diyah Lestari

Prosiding Seminar Nasional Ilmu Ekonomi dan Akuntansi 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ekonomi dan Akuntansi Indonesia

The purpose of this research is to analyze the partial significance of the influence of work motivation, work discipline, organizational commitment, and competence on employee performance in DPKUKM Cilacap Regency. The sample in this study includes the entire population, consisting of 38 employees. The sampling technique used is proportional random sampling. Data analysis is conducted using multiple linear regression. The results of this research is work motivation, organizational commitment, and competence have a significant positive effect on the performance of DPKUKM employees in Cilacap Regency. However, work discipline does not have a significant effect on the performance of DPKUKM employees in Cilacap Regency. The implications of this research suggest that DPKUKM Cilacap Regency needs to enhance employee performance by: 1) increasing work motivation by improving employee compliance with applicable regulations; 2) enhancing organizational commitment by strengthening the sense of family among employees; 3) improving competence by training employees in precision at work. Although work discipline does not significantly influence employee performance, DPKUKM Cilacap can improve punctuality in working hours through stricter monitoring of office entry, break, and departure times.  

Made Iska Aprilita Wardani; Muhammad Hasyim Ashari; Tasnim Nikmatullah Realita; Moh.Shabri S.; Kristin Juwita

Nusantara: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 2024 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

  The effectiveness and  efficiency of the production administration at  MSMEs MAMIN Pakis process needs to be supported by competent human resources.  The reason for the dedication is because the production administration system is not yet perfect. The aim is to provide practical knowledge of strategy and application of performance evaluation in a continuous improvement manner. Targets of a continuous structured work evaluation system and employee motivation in improving performance. The training process carried out, namely manual data collection, structured recording of integrated production application program input for each department, provides important insight and becomes the basis for progress so that the discipline of manual data input and programs becomes an error controller.  Activities processed from analysis of errors in inputting service release materials increase success and insight into production administration performance in a sustaainable manner.

Novita Putri Wattimena; Dedy Syahyuni; Lady Diana Warpindyastuti

Maeswara : Jurnal Riset Ilmu Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

This study aims to analyze performance in the East Jakarta Religious Court using this research method in the Balanced Score Card is a descriptive research that aims to clearly describe the analysis of employee performance through the analysis of growth and learning perspectives, customer perspective analysis, financial perspective analysis and internal business perspective analysis. The results of the research on the performance of employees of the East Jakarta Religious Court with the Balanced Score Card are quite good from the analysis of the internal business perspective of 9.09%, the analysis of the growth and development perspective of work discipline over the past 3 months by 20.5%, then in employees who are given training has increased over the past 3 years by 35.27% and employees who have left have decreased in the last 3 years by 10.82%, then the analysis of the financial perspective for the last 3 months by 0.804. In this study draws the conclusion that there is a significant influence between employee performance and the application of the Balanced Score Card. Because the East Jakarta Religious Court is still experiencing a decrease in outgoing employees because these 4 perspectives are considered not optimal

Meiyola Krisma Agatha; Rizki Luthfi Aulia; Hwihanus Hwihanus

Jurnal Mutiara Ilmu Akuntansi (JUMIA) 2024 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

The purpose of this research is to find out: (1) Providing incentives in an effort to improve employee performance at the travel tour company PT. Menara Dunia Tour Travel which has been running, (2) How incentives should be given in an effort to improve the performance of PT. Menara Dunia Tour Travel. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection techniques include direct interviews with company leaders and employees, observation and documentation. The research results show (1) The incentive system provided by the company to its employees is in the form of material and non-material incentives in the form of bonuses, social security, awards, work training and joint holidays. Meanwhile, the things that drive employee performance and motivation are employee quality, employee quantity, and employee attendance or discipline. The results of this research are that providing incentives can increase work enthusiasm in increasing achievement, increase loyalty, discipline and responsibility for the position, and most importantly can improve employee performance, (2) By looking at the results of the analysis which shows that the program The incentives implemented by PT. Menara Dunia Tour Travel  For this reason, companies are expected to be able to maintain and improve their policy of providing incentives in an effort to improve employee performance.

Fakhrul Rizal; Sri Sundari; Marisi Pakpahan

Manajemen Kreatif Jurnal (MAKREJU) 2024 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

This research aims to examine the combined influence of (1) work discipline and job satisfaction on employee performance; (2) work discipline on employee performance; and (3) job satisfaction on employee performance. The research design employed is quantitative causal. The subjects of this study encompass all employees at Aston Batam Hotel & Residence, with a population of 100. Data collection was conducted through a survey using a questionnaire as the research instrument. The collected data were analyzed using multiple linear regression while adhering to classical assumptions. The results of the analysis indicate that both work discipline and job satisfaction, when considered together, significantly affect employee performance. Furthermore, work discipline and job satisfaction individually and significantly contribute to employee performance.