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Perkembangan teknologi informasi saat ini mendorong organisasi, termasuk Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM), untuk meningkatkan efisiensi operasional melalui penerapan sistem yang terintegrasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang Enterprise Architecture (EA) pada UMKM Golden Spice menggunakan pendekatan The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) melalui metode Architecture Development Method (ADM). Permasalahan utama yang dihadapi adalah sistem penjualan dan manajemen stok yang masih dilakukan secara manual dan tidak terintegrasi, sehingga menyebabkan inefisiensi operasional, ketidaksesuaian data, serta keterbatasan dalam pengambilan keputusan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan meliputi observasi, wawancara, dan studi literatur dengan referensi terbaru pada rentang tahun 2021-2026. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perancangan Arsitektur Perusahaan yang diusulkan mampu mengintegrasikan sistem penjualan dan manajemen stok secara terstruktur, sehingga meningkatkan efisiensi operasional dan akurasi data. Selain itu, sistem yang diusulkan juga mampu menyediakan informasi secara real-time untuk mendukung pengambilan keputusan berbasis data. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi solusi praktis bagi UMKM dalam mendukung transformasi digital serta menjadi referensi bagi penelitian selanjutnya.

Elderly people are a vulnerable group experiencing declining body functions and an increased risk of degenerative diseases, requiring promotive and preventive efforts to maintain their health. One alternative is the utilization of kitchen spices as herbal drinks because they contain various bioactive compounds that are beneficial for health. However, knowledge among the elderly regarding the benefits and processing methods of herbal ingredients is still limited. This community service activity aimed to improve the knowledge and skills of elderly participants in utilizing kitchen spices as herbal drinks at LKS Payung Besurek Bengkulu City. The method used a participatory approach through educational sessions, interactive discussions, and direct practice in preparing herbal drinks. The results showed high enthusiasm from participants during the activities. Around 85% of participants experienced increased understanding of the health benefits of kitchen spices. Participants were also able to independently prepare herbal drinks using easily available local ingredients. In addition, the activity generated positive social impacts, including improved interaction, increased awareness of healthy lifestyles, and greater independence in maintaining health through natural ingredients. Therefore, this education program is an effective community-based health empowerment strategy for the elderly.

Background: Schizophrenia is a serious chronic mental disorder that can affect thinking, perception, feelings, and behavior. Patients with undifferentiated schizophrenia are at risk of experiencing the nursing problem of risk of violent behavior (RPK) due to their inability to control emotions and anger. Based on data from the medical records of RSJD dr. Amino Gondohutomo, Central Java Province, from August to October 2025, the risk of violent behavior was the highest nursing diagnosis in the Gatotkaca Ward, reaching 56.5%–77% of all inpatients. Objective: To perform nursing care on Tn. K with the main problem of risk of violent behavior due to undifferentiated schizophrenia at RSJD dr. Amino Gondohutomo, Central Java Province. Methods: This study used a descriptive method with a nursing process approach. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observation, documentation studies, and literature review. Nursing care was provided from November 18 to 22, 2025. Results: Assessment findings on Tn. K (19 years old) with undifferentiated schizophrenia and a history of physical abuse, parental rejection, and family violence revealed four nursing problems: risk of violent behavior (core problem), sensory perceptual disorder: auditory and visual hallucinations, self-concept disorder: low self-esteem, and self-care deficit. Implementation was carried out through nursing strategies (SP) 1 to 4 for risk of violent behavior (physical, medication, verbal, and spiritual control), SP 1 and SP 3 for self-care deficit, and SP 1 to SP 2 for sensory perceptual disorder: hallucinations. All implementation stages were optimally achieved. Conclusion: Nursing evaluation showed that the client was able to achieve cognitive, affective, and psychomotor goals in all implemented SPs. Collaboration with ward nurses was carried out to continue SP 3 and SP 4 for hallucinations and the entire low self-esteem intervention due to time constraints.

The paradigmatic transformation of Christian Religious Education (CRE) in the digital era has become a crucial issue to be examined because the development of information technology, virtual culture, and globalization has brought significant changes to adolescents’ mindsets, behaviors, and character formation. These conditions have created various moral and spiritual challenges, such as identity crises, declining ethical sensitivity, and the increasing influence of individualistic and hedonistic values among young people. This study aims to analyze the paradigm transformation of Christian Religious Education in shaping adolescent character through a theological-pedagogical perspective that is relevant to the context of the digital era. The research employs a qualitative method using a library research approach and descriptive analysis of various scientific, theological, and pedagogical sources related to Christian education, teacher spirituality, and adolescent character development in the digital age. The findings indicate that the transformation of the CRE paradigm should be directed toward contextual, participatory, and transformative learning by positioning teachers as spiritual role models and facilitators of character formation. Furthermore, the integration of Christian values, the ethical use of technology, and collaboration among schools, families, and churches are important factors in shaping adolescents who possess strong character, integrity, and spiritual maturity amid increasingly complex digital challenges.

This article theologically analyzes the role of the Holy Spirit in the lives of believers through a study of the doctrine of pneumatology, traced from the testimony of Scripture to its impact on the practice of Christian faith. The purpose of this study is to explain how the work of the Holy Spirit is understood not merely as a theological concept, but also as a spiritual reality that shapes the identity, character, and dynamics of believers’ service. The method employed is qualitative research with a library research approach, involving the analysis of relevant theological and biblical sources to construct a conceptual framework concerning the work of the Holy Spirit in guidance, conviction, the sealing of salvation, spiritual transformation, and empowerment in ministry. This research is necessary because there remains a limited understanding of pneumatology that tends to be doctrinal and disconnected from concrete faith experiences. The findings of this study indicate that the presence of the Holy Spirit plays a vital role in leading believers into truth, forming Christian character, strengthening their identity as children of God, and empowering them to serve effectively within the community. Therefore, pneumatology holds significant practical relevance in fostering a dynamic, reflective, and transformative life of faith in the contemporary Christian context.

This study aims to analyze the internalization of Islamic developmental psychology values through the Qur'an memorization (Tahfidz Al-Qur'an) program in shaping the character of middle adolescents aged 13–17 years in the digital era at Al Hayya Orphanage Foundation, Depok. Adolescence is a transitional stage characterized by significant physical, emotional, social, and spiritual changes. In the digital era, adolescents face various challenges, such as social media addiction, cyberbullying, declining social interaction, and moral degradation, all of which may affect character development. Therefore, strengthening character education based on Islamic values has become increasingly important. This research employed a qualitative approach using a case study method to gain an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon under investigation. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving orphanage caregivers, Tahfidz instructors, and students at Al Hayya Orphanage Foundation, Depok. The findings indicate that the Tahfidz program plays a positive role in character formation through habituation, role modeling, spiritual guidance, and a supportive religious environment. From the cognitive perspective, students demonstrated improvements in discipline, concentration, responsibility, and self-regulation. Emotionally, they became more patient, better able to control their emotions, and experienced inner peace through intensive engagement with the Qur'an. Socially, the program fostered attitudes of mutual assistance, respect, empathy, and stronger social relationships among students.This study reveals that the Tahfidz program serves not only as a means of memorizing the Qur'an but also as an effective medium for internalizing the values of Islamic developmental psychology and fostering Qur'anic character among adolescents in facing the challenges of the digital era.  

Digital technology has significantly transformed adolescents’ lives, including the process of character formation. While the digital era provides broad opportunities for accessing information and developing personal potential, it also presents challenges such as identity crises, individualism, instant culture, cyberbullying, moral relativism, and declining spiritual engagement. These conditions create unique challenges for Christian adolescents in maintaining values and character grounded in biblical teachings. This study aims to examine the challenges of Christian adolescent character formation in the digital era, analyze the perspectives of the Christian worldview and educational psychology on character development, and explain the relevance of integrating these perspectives in addressing contemporary challenges. The research employed a qualitative approach using a library research method. Data were collected from books, scholarly journals, and other relevant academic sources and analyzed through content analysis. The findings indicate that the Christian worldview provides a theological foundation for shaping identity, values, and character based on biblical truth, while educational psychology offers scientific insights into adolescent development and effective character-building strategies. The integration of these perspectives creates a holistic approach that addresses spiritual, moral, social, emotional, and cognitive dimensions. Therefore, this integration is essential for helping Christian adolescents navigate the challenges of the digital era wisely, responsibly, and in accordance with Christian values.

This study aims to analyze the role of Christian Religious Education (CRE) teachers as counselors in shaping students’ social behavior amid increasing behavioral deviations such as bullying, violence, misuse of social media, and low tolerance. These phenomena are influenced by internal factors such as emotional instability and identity formation, as well as external factors including family, environment, and digital culture. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method using a library research approach by collecting data from books, scholarly journals, and relevant documents. The findings reveal that CRE teachers play a strategic role not only as educators but also as counselors who accompany students holistically, covering spiritual, moral, emotional, and social aspects. The counseling role performed by CRE teachers includes modeling behavior, mediating conflicts, strengthening self-control, providing social support, and building empathetic relationships with students. Through this approach, students undergo a process of internalizing Christian values such as love, forgiveness, responsibility, and tolerance, which contribute to the development of positive social behavior. Furthermore, collaboration among teachers, parents, and the community serves as a supporting factor in successful character formation. Therefore, the role of CRE teachers as counselors is proven to be effective in shaping students’ social behavior in accordance with moral, social, and religious values, while contributing to the development of a generation with integrity and competitiveness.

This study aims to explore how the inquiry approach functions as a pedagogical strategy in Christian Religious Education to enhance students’ spiritual discernment. The background of this research arises from the tendency of learning practices that remain predominantly focused on cognitive aspects, thereby not fully cultivating spiritual sensitivity in life decision-making. This study employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach through a review of theological and pedagogical literature, conceptual analysis, and reflection on classroom learning practices. The analysis focuses on the relationship between the core elements of inquiry questioning, investigating, dialoguing, and reflecting on knowledge and the process of developing the ability to discern God’s will in the real-life contexts of students. The findings indicate that inquiry effectively creates a reflective learning experience that integrates cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions, enabling students not only to understand faith teachings theoretically but also to consider Christian values in concrete situations. This approach encourages active participation, constructive and critical dialogue, and fosters habits of faith reflection, moral sensitivity, and personal responsibility. Thus, inquiry is proven to be a relevant pedagogical method for achieving the theological goal of Christian Religious Education, namely the formation of spiritual discernment that guides students’ attitudes, decisions, and actions in daily life.

This article discusses the dynamics of Christian students’ spirituality in the digital era, characterized by the currents of globalization, information overload, and a culture of virtual communication that influence patterns of thinking, lifestyles, and character formation. The novelty of this study lies in its analysis of the direct relationship between the digital-global context and the process of students’ faith formation through an integrative theological–pedagogical perspective. This research aims to analyze the implications of digital globalization for the spirituality of Christian students and to formulate directions for faith formation that are relevant to the contemporary context. The method employed is a qualitative approach using a library research design through conceptual, theological, and pedagogical analysis of various relevant scholarly sources. The findings indicate that the digital era presents both opportunities and challenges for faith development, in which students experience a dynamic tension between the strengthening of spiritual insight and the potential value crisis resulting from exposure to global ideologies. In conclusion, contextual, reflective, and selective strategies of faith formation are required to ensure that the spirituality of Christian students remains firm, critical, and relevant amid the currents of digital globalization.

This article aims to explain the theological meaning and implications of the word "worship" (προσκυνέω/proskuneō) in Matthew 2:2 in the context of the birth of Jesus Christ, and its relevance to the worship practices of the church today. This study uses a qualitative method with a contextual-historical analysis approach to the biblical text, supported by a review of theological literature related to worship in the Christian tradition. The results of the study indicate that proskuneō does not only refer to an act of reverence, but also contains the meaning of acknowledgment of divine authority, an attitude of humility, and a deep spiritual commitment. In the context of Matthew 2:2, the actions of the Magi represent theological, relational, and transformative worship. These findings confirm that true worship involves acknowledging God's sovereignty, a readiness for sacrifice, and an openness to renewal of life. The practical implication for the church today is the need to enrich the understanding and practice of worship that goes beyond the liturgy, but is manifested in personal intimacy with God, acts of social benevolence, and service that reflects a God-fearing life. This article contributes to a biblical understanding of worship and its application in the context of the believer's spiritual life.

Christian religious education teachers act as agents of social, spiritual, and cultural transformation by integrating Christian values ​​into the lives of communities that are still strongly bound to ancestral customs and beliefs. The transformation of customs through contextual evangelism is both a challenge and an opportunity for Christian religious education (PAK) teachers in carrying out their roles as educators and servants of God in a pluralistic society. This study aims to analyze the strategic steps of PAK teachers in integrating Gospel values ​​with local culture without eliminating the identity of the Christian faith or damaging the noble values ​​of customs. The research method used is a qualitative approach and literature study. The results of the study indicate that PAK teachers need to have three main strategic steps, namely contextual understanding by studying in depth the values, symbols, and practices of local customs, a transformational approach, namely presenting Gospel values ​​through education that respects culture but leads to renewal of life and pedagogical implementation through creative and reflective learning methods that foster students' awareness of faith and social responsibility. With this strategy, Christian Religious Education teachers can become agents of transformation, bridging the gap between Christian faith and local culture, ensuring that evangelism is not confrontational but contextual, dialogical, and builds lives rooted in the love of Christ.

This research aims to examine how the functions of Christian counseling (preventive, curative, developmental, and pastoral) can be integrated into the practice of Christian Religious Education as an effective strategy to support adolescents’ faith development. The background of this study arises from the fact that adolescents experience a crisis of faith that is not only related to theological aspects but also affects their psychological and emotional well-being. On the other hand, christian religious education practices in schools often remain focused on the transfer of doctrinal knowledge without being balanced by adequate personal guidance. This study applies a qualitative method through literature review and conceptual analysis of christian counseling theory, theories of adolescent faith development, and pedagogical practices in christian religious education. The findings indicate that integrating Christian counseling functions into the design of christian religious education learning can create a dialogical, reflective, and pastoral classroom atmosphere, providing opportunities for adolescents to develop spiritual discernment, self-awareness, and the ability to make responsible moral decisions. This article discusses the relevance of counseling to adolescents’ spiritual development, the characteristics of their faith development, the challenges of implementing counseling in Christian educational institutions, and the design of learning based on dialogue, reflection, and mentoring. In this way, the integration of christian counseling in christian religious education is considered a holistic approach that enriches the meaning of faith education and supports adolescents’ faith growth in a contextual, profound, and sustainable manner.

Pendidikan Kristen memiliki peran yang signifikan dalam membentuk karakter individu berdasarkan nilai-nilai Alkitabiah. Dalam konteks ini, pendidikan tidak hanya berfokus pada aspek intelektual, tetapi juga pada pembentukan moral, spiritual, dan etika yang sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip Kristen. Artikel ini membahas bagaimana pendidikan Kristen dapat menjadi sarana utama dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai seperti kasih, kejujuran, integritas, disiplin, dan tanggung jawab dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Dengan pendekatan holistik yang mencakup pengajaran, keteladanan, dan pembiasaan, pendidikan Kristen mampu membentuk individu yang memiliki karakter kuat dan berkontribusi positif bagi masyarakat. Kajian ini juga menyoroti tantangan serta strategi dalam mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai Alkitabiah dalam sistem pendidikan modern.

Artikel ini membahas pentingnya teologi kasih dan pengampunan dalam pendidikan Kristen, dengan fokus pada penerapannya dalam pembelajaran holistik. Teologi kasih dan pengampunan, yang merupakan inti ajaran Kristus, menawarkan dasar yang kuat untuk membentuk karakter dan nilai-nilai dalam pendidikan. Melalui pendekatan pastoral, artikel ini mengkaji bagaimana nilai-nilai kasih dan pengampunan dapat membimbing proses pembelajaran yang tidak hanya mencakup aspek intelektual, tetapi juga moral, spiritual, dan emosional siswa. Penulis juga menyoroti pentingnya membangun hubungan yang penuh kasih antara pendidik dan peserta didik untuk menciptakan lingkungan pendidikan yang inklusif, penuh empati, dan mendukung perkembangan holistik individu. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa penerapan teologi kasih dan pengampunan dapat memperkuat pendidikan Kristen sebagai sarana untuk membentuk pribadi yang utuh dan berkarakter Kristus.

Universities are educational institutions that have an important role in addressing various problems in rural areas by motivating, empowering, and broadening the perspectives of local communities. Through community service activities, universities can contribute to improving community skills and encouraging economic independence. This community service program aims to foster an entrepreneurial spirit among female farmers in APK Bandung Village, Selupu Rejang District, through training and assistance in producing pineapple-flavored papaya jam as a value-added agricultural product. The program was conducted in November 2025 and involved one partner, namely the Srikandi Women's Farmers Group (Kelompok Wanita Tani/KWT) 02 of APK Bandung Village. The implementation stages included socialization, product-making demonstrations, mentoring, monitoring, and evaluation activities. These stages were designed to enhance participants’ knowledge and practical skills in processing local agricultural commodities into marketable products. Out of 20 registered members of KWT Srikandi, 17 members attended and actively participated in the program. The results of the evaluation, based on questionnaires distributed to participants, showed that approximately 64.70% of the members demonstrated an entrepreneurial spirit. These findings indicate that the program contributed positively to increasing entrepreneurial awareness and encouraging the development of small-scale rural business opportunities among female farmers.

This study aims to identify and evaluate the cultural tourism potential of Kalurahan Grogol in Gunungkidul Regency to inform the development of a community-based cultural tourism village. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach supported by quantitative scoring techniques using a 1–5 Likert scale across four assessment dimensions: cultural value, physical value, tourism value, and experiential value. The analysis applied Du Cros and McKercher’s Market Appeal–Robusticity Matrix to map the market attractiveness and cultural robustness of each cultural asset. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observations, and documentation studies of 46 tangible and intangible cultural assets in Kalurahan Grogol. The findings reveal that most cultural assets exhibit moderate to high cultural robustness, indicating that local cultural practices remain active and socially sustained within the community. Prominent cultural assets such as Rasulan, Karawitan Lestari Budoyo, Reog Sedyo Laras, Gejlok Lesung, Sega Berkat, and Tempe Godhong are positioned in Quadrant A1, characterized by high market appeal and high robustness, making them highly potential as leading cultural tourism attractions. Meanwhile, assets in Quadrants B and C present opportunities to develop creative, educational, spiritual, and wellness-based experiential tourism products. The study also finds that several sacred traditions categorized in Quadrant D are more appropriately preserved through non-commercial approaches. The absence of cultural assets in the D3 category indicates that the cultural system of Kalurahan Grogol remains adaptive and regenerative amid modernization. This research contributes theoretically by extending the application of the Market Appeal–Robusticity Matrix into the context of community-based cultural tourism villages. It provides strategic recommendations for sustainable cultural tourism development that remain sensitive to local cultural authenticity.

Artikel ini mengkaji konsep teologi pembelajaran dari perspektif Alkitabiah dalam upaya mengembangkan metode pengajaran yang relevan dan efektif di sekolah Kristen. Melalui penelaahan teks-teks Alkitab, artikel ini menyelidiki prinsip-prinsip dasar yang dapat diterapkan dalam pendidikan Kristen untuk menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang tidak hanya mendidik secara akademis, tetapi juga membentuk karakter siswa sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Kristiani. Pendekatan ini diharapkan dapat membantu pendidik dalam merancang strategi pengajaran yang sejalan dengan ajaran iman dan membangun hubungan yang lebih erat antara pengajaran dan spiritualitas. Selain itu, artikel ini juga menyarankan berbagai model dan metode yang dapat digunakan dalam konteks sekolah Kristen untuk memaksimalkan pengalaman pembelajaran secara holistik.

Adolescents face significant barriers in accessing reproductive health services due to fears of privacy breaches and social stigma. In primary healthcare facilities, healthcare professionals are often trapped in a dilemma between the obligation to maintain medical confidentiality based on professional ethics and national regulatory demands requiring parental involvement for underage patients. This study aims to analyze the practice of protecting adolescent patient data privacy at Mardi Saras Primary Clinic and identify the gap between practical implementation and the norms of medical ethics and applicable legal regulations. This study employs a socio-legal research method with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with doctors and nurses, observation of service procedures, and study of the clinic's Standard Operating Procedures. The results indicate that although Mardi Saras Primary Clinic has implemented basic confidentiality protocols such as closed consultation rooms, there are substantial weaknesses in informed consent management, which still heavily relies on parental presence for all adolescent cases. This practice is driven by healthcare professionals' fear of legal risks, thereby ignoring the principle of developing autonomy in adolescents. These findings indicate a disparity between rigid administrative compliance and the spirit of protecting adolescent health rights within national regulations. The implication of this study underscores the urgency of developing specific SOPs that are sensitive to adolescent rights, as well as the need for continuous training for healthcare professionals regarding the legal and ethical boundaries of maintaining confidentiality for underage patients without compromising legal safety aspects.

This research is motivated by the low critical thinking skills of third-grade students in learning Pancasila symbols and the limited use of interesting, interactive learning media in the classroom. The purpose of this study is to develop the Magic Letter Spinwheel learning media, determine its feasibility, and examine the improvement of students’ critical thinking skills after using the media. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE development model, consisting of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. The research subjects were third-grade students of SDN Sumber 02, Blitar Regency. Data were collected through observation, interviews, validation questionnaires from media and material experts, as well as pretests and posttests. The data were analyzed descriptively using qualitative and quantitative approaches, including feasibility percentages and the N-Gain test. The development results show that the Magic Letter Spinwheel is an interactive learning medium in the form of a spinning wheel containing Pancasila symbols, questions, and learning activities that encourage students to think critically. This medium is designed with an attractive display and is supported by light features and an automatic rotation button to increase students’ learning interest. Based on expert validation, the media is declared feasible for classroom use. The implementation of the Magic Letter Spinwheel can improve students’ critical thinking skills through active, enjoyable, and student-centered learning activities. Therefore, this media is suitable for use in Pancasila Education learning to support the development of critical thinking skills among third-grade elementary school students.