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The purpose of writing this article is to present a learning design using the Ethnomathematics-based Realistic Mathematics Education learning model to provide several learning design options that can be used by junior high school teachers in providing learning material on geometric transformations. This learning design is devoted to material on geometric transformations, reflection, rotation, dilation and translation which relate to regional culture. This learning design uses steps based on the characteristics of RME. As well as using needs analysis, student analysis, and task analysis.

The low understanding of mathematical concepts experienced by students also has an impact on students' ability to solve problems related to mathematics because the concepts taught by teachers are never found in everyday life. Therefore, a learning approach is needed that encourages students to construct their own mathematical concepts based on experiences that occur in everyday life. The research method used in this research is Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The data collection process includes collecting and analyzing every published article and book that discusses mathematical concepts and the application of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME). The journals used in this research are national and international journals indexed by SINTA and SCOPUS. Research findings show that the RME approach has an important role in improving students' ability to understand mathematical concepts in several materials at every level of education.

This study aims to explore the implementation of Lesson Study with the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach in teaching mathematics to sixth-grade students at SD Negeri Karyasari 1. The method of classroom action research was employed to observe two cycles of teaching, involving planning, implementation, and evaluation of lessons. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and analysis of student learning outcomes. The results of the study indicate that the application of the RME approach within the Lesson Study framework can enhance students' understanding of mathematical concepts, improve learning motivation, and strengthen collaboration among teachers. This research provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of this instructional approach in the context of primary education.

This research aims to determine students' ability to understand mathematical concepts through the application of the Realistic Mathematics Education learning approach and to find out how the students' answers process in solving problems on tests of students' ability to understand mathematical concepts after applying the Realistic Mathematics Education learning approach in class VIII-1 of SMP Nurul Islam Indonesia Medan. This type of research is classroom action research through cyclical learning stages. The subjects of this research were 13 students in class VIII-1 of SMP Nurul Islam Indonesia Medan and the object of this research was the students' ability to understand mathematical concepts by applying the Realistic Mathematics Education learning approach to statistical material. Based on the research results, it was found that by applying the Realistic Mathematics Education learning approach, students' ability to understand mathematical concepts in statistical material in class VIII-1 at Nurul Islam Indonesia Middle School in Medan was improved, namely in cycle I the average student ability was only 30.76 with a completion percentage of only 8% of students completed. In cycle II the average student ability increased to 92.95 with a student completion percentage of 100%, so that students had met the classical completion percentage, namely ≥85%. The results of this research show that by applying the Realistic Mathematics Education learning approach to statistics material in class VIII-1 of Nurul Islam Indonesia Middle School in Medan, students can improve their ability to understand mathematical concepts.

Education in elementary schools has the aim of helping students understand problems in everyday life. The national education system states that education aims to develop the potential of students to become human beings who have faith, noble character, health, knowledge and responsibility. In the context of mathematics education, the PMRI (Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education) approach is used to help students understand mathematical concepts through real experiences and the context of everyday life. The data grouping learning trajectory using the PMRI approach aims to help grade 1 elementary school students understand the concept of data grouping. The use of sorting and choosing props can also improve the learning outcomes of low grade students in sorting and selecting certain objects or concepts. The aim of this research is that it is hoped that students can learn more effectively through direct experience, visualization and physical movements involved in the sorting and choosing process. Data was collected through interviews and tests. Based on the results and discussion of the research that has been conducted, it can be concluded that the design of a data grouping learning trajectory for elementary school students using an Indonesian realistic mathematics education approach is theoretically able to provide a deeper understanding of data grouping for grade I elementary school students. With the principles in PMRI, students are given the opportunity to develop a conceptual understanding of data grouping with the help of the images provided.

The purpose of this study is to ascertain how fourth grade students at SDN Keleyan 2 are impacted in terms of their mathematical literacy by realistic math instruction grounded in Madurese ethnomathematics. This is a quantitative study using an experimental research design; a quasi-experimental design and a nonequivalent control group design are the types of research designs employed. 48 SDN Keleyan 2 class IV students served as samples. Classes experimental and control were employed in this study. In this study, tests of mathematical literacy and observation were used as data gathering methods. The data analysis includes an independent sample t-test for hypothesis testing, homogeneity testing, and a prerequisite test utilizing the normality test. Ho is rejected and Ha is approved based on the findings of the independent sample t-test data analysis, which showed that t-test = 7,757 > t-table = 2,012. As a result, it was determined that fourth grade pupils at SDN Keleyan 2 had significantly higher mathematical literacy levels when the model realistic mathematic education learning based on Madurese ethnomathematics was applied.

The problem that occurs in this study is the low learning outcomes caused by a lack of teachers in using models and media in learning. Alternatives to solving these problems are using the Problem Based Learning model, Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education, and Number Head Together. The research objective is to describe the activities of educators, students, and to analyze learning outcomes. The approach used in this discovery is a qualitative approach with the type of PTK, which is carried out in 2 cycles consisting of three meetings. The subjects of this study were 18 grade VI students at SDN Kelayan Selatan 10. Qualitative data obtained through observing the activities of educators and students. While quantitative data through measurement techniques with individual written tests. Data analysis in this finding uses descriptive analysis techniques and cross-tabulations translated into tables, graphs and interpretations with percentages. The results of these findings show that educator activities get a score of 24 in the "very good" category. experienced an increase from a score of 30 to 36 in the "Very Good" category. Classical student activities reached 100% in the "very active" category. As well as student learning outcomes have achieved 100% completeness classically and individually. Based on these findings it can be concluded that using the PBL, PMRI, and NHT models can increase learning activities and outcomes.

This research was conducted with the aim of producing digital learning media using the Smart Apps Creator through a Realistic Mathematics Education approach that is valid, effective, and able to improve students' mathematical problem solving abilities in the matter of a system of two-variable linear equations. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model. From the research results, it was obtained that the media and material validity values were 93.6% and 93% with very valid categories. The practicality of the media through the results of the teacher's response questionnaire obtained a practicality value of 97.3% in the very practical category and the results of the student response questionnaire for the small group test and large group test obtained values of 90.9% and 91.4% in the very practical category. Then the value of effectiveness is seen through the mastery of classical learning and the results of the student response questionnaire obtained percentages of 87.5% and 94.05% with very effective categories. Improving problem solving abilities in students, the results obtained are that the level of students' problem solving abilities is at a percentage of 92% with a very high category, while based on the N-Gain test the average value obtained by students is 0.6473 which means there is an increase in problem solving abilities in students medium category. So based on the results obtained it can be concluded that the learning media developed in this study are valid, practical, effective, and able to improve students' mathematical problem solving abilities.

This study aims to describe the improvement of mathematical problem-solving skills after applying the realistik mathematics learning assisted by digital media of class VIII students of SMP Dharma Patra Sei Lepan for the 2022/2023 academic year. The subjects in this study were 32 class VIII-A students of Dharma Patra Private Middle School. Data collection techniques used were teacher observation sheets, tests of mathematical problem-solving skills, and documentation. This research is a classroom action research (PTK) which consists of 2 cycles, each cycle consisting of 2 meetings. Before taking action, first given the initial test and at the end of each cycle is given a test of students' mathematical problem-solving abilities. The test results of students' mathematical problem-solving abilities increased from the initial test, cycle I, and cycle II. In the classical pre-test, 3 students (9.38%) passed and the average pre-test ability was 49.12% with a very low level of ability. In the first cycle test, there was an increase classically, 17 students (53.13%) completed and the average ability test obtained 69.01% with the ability level in the medium category. Then the second cycle test also experienced an increase in classically obtained 28 students (87.5%) completed and an average ability obtained 81.05% with a high level of ability category. Thus it can be concluded that the application of realistik mathematics learning assisted by digital media can improve the mathematical problem-solving skills of class VIII students of SMP Dharma Patra Sei Lepan.

This study aims to determine the effect of the Realistic Mathematical Education (RME) approach on the ability to understand mathematical concepts in class VIII students of SMP IT Al-Hijrah 2 Deli Serdang Private Middle School in the 2022/2023 academic year. The type of research used is Quasi Experimental with a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The sample used was 35 students who were selected through a purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques are carried out using test instruments. Data analysis technique is done by descriptive analysis. The results of the descriptive analysis show that the average value in the experimental class is 87.3935 and in the control class is 54.3639, which means that there is a difference in the posttest average scores in the experimental class and the control class. Based on the Independent Sample T-Test, the value of Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05. The tcount value is 8.428 and the ttable value is 2.03452, which means that tcount > ttable then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that there is an influence of the Realistic Mathematical Education (RME) approach on the ability to understand mathematical concepts in class VIII students of Private Middle School IT Al-Hijrah 2 Deli Serdang.

The purpose of this study is to describe the results of the analysis of improving students' mathematical communication skills with Realistic Mathematics Education approach. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research using the library research method. The subject of this research is the most published articles in published journals about mathematical communication skills through Realistic Mathematics Education approach to junior high school students. Based on the findings from 5 journals, it was found that students' mathematical communication improved better in students who studied with Realistic Mathematics Education approach compared to students who studied with conventional learning. Realistic Mathematics Education approach can improve students' ability to describe, understand, and represent mathematical ideas contained in pictures, tables or diagrams. So, Realistic Mathematics Education approach is one approach that can improve students' mathematical communication skills at the junior high school level with effect size score of 1,158 in the large effect category.

This research is an experimental research which aim is to know whether Realistic Mathematics Education approach is effective on ability of students’ mathematical concept understanding or not. The population in this research is all the students of class VIII SMP Swasta Bakti Mulia Onanrunggu. The sample is the students of class VIII-A as experimental group and the students of class VIII-B as control group. The instruments which are used consist of the ability of mathematical concept understanding test in α = 5% and df = 28 + 30 - 2 = 56, teacher’s observation notes, and student’s observation notes. Data analysis is done with t test, minimal mastery criteria , classroom activity and student response . The results of this research proves that Realistic Mathematics Education approach is effective on the ability of students’ mathematical concept understanding within score of t count is greater than t table . Classical mastery criteria accomplished by (85,7%) within individual mastery reach into 75,67. Class activity falls into the active category (76,7%), and student responses fall into the positive category (91,06%).