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This study uses a descriptive qualitative method to analyze the intrinsic and extrinsic work motivation of individuals with disabilities at UMKM Arsyadina in Surabaya. Data was collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving several informants, including the owner, non-disabled employees, and employees with disabilities who have worked for approximately two years. The data obtained was then analyzed using data condensation techniques, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the analysis indicate that individuals with disabilities have high motivation to work, driven by both internal and external factors. Moreover, the inclusive and adaptive work environment at UMKM Arsyadina contributes significantly to enhancing their work enthusiasm. These findings provide valuable insights into the motivational factors that enable individuals with disabilities to perform well in the workplace.

Persons with disabilities represent a diverse segment of society, facing unique challenges in accessing public services such as education, healthcare, and employment. In response, Indonesia ratified the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) through Law No. 19 of 2011, which serves to promote, protect, and ensure equal rights and fundamental freedoms for individuals with disabilities. This commitment led to the enactment of Law No. 8 of 2016, replacing an earlier, more compassionate framework with one emphasizing equality and the protection of rights for persons with disabilities. The law defines individuals with disabilities as those facing long-term physical, intellectual, mental, or sensory limitations and emphasizes the necessity of special protections to uphold their rights and prevent discrimination. The method used in this study is a normative legal research method. This study evaluates the effectiveness of disability rights protection policies in Indonesia, revealing significant challenges despite the legal framework established by Law No. 19 of 2011. Access to education, healthcare, and employment remains limited due to inadequate facilities, discriminatory practices, and social stigma. Effective solutions require strengthening the legal framework, increasing awareness, and involving the disability community in policy planning. Furthermore, robust monitoring and enforcement mechanisms are essential for safeguarding rights. To enhance protections, improved coordination among ministries, ongoing training for service providers, inclusive education practices, and recognition of employers who hire individuals with disabilities are critical. These measures are vital for fostering a more equitable society and ensuring the rights of persons with disabilities are upheld sustainably.

Sexual violence against persons with disabilities, especially women, is increasing due to their vulnerability. This research is a normative legal research, using a case approach. The data source used is secondary data, namely primary legal materials, such as laws and court decisions. Secondary data used includes literature related to the object of research. The method used is the normative juridical method. The results of this study found that although the protection and consideration of judges are quite good, there are still factors that need to be considered, especially the rights of victims in accordance with Law No. 8 of 2016. One example is the decision that will be discussed in this article, namely Decision No. 42/Pid.B/2019/PN.Lbb.

In Indonesia, people with disabilities are often overlooked and underestimated because they do not have perfect physical abilities to do certain jobs or activities. The majority of them come from underprivileged families and are often underdeveloped. The unstructured process of distributing assistance can result in the assistance provided is not in accordance with the needs, so it is not optimal in improving the welfare of persons with disabilities. In addition, without a clear grouping, it is difficult for the government to design a more specific and targeted assistance program. Therefore, to overcome this problem, the agency needs to have an additional system to be able to assist in overcoming the problem of disability assistance recipients, namely by using the clustering method to group beneficiary data based on age, type of disability, and type of assistance. Thus, this clustering is expected to provide information and a clearer picture of the needs of each disability group, so that the assistance program provided can be distributed more optimally according to what people with disabilities need. After calculating using the existing cluster formula4, iteration 2 is the same as in iteration 1 and there is no data that moves groups anymore so the calculation can be stopped. So that a cluster graph can be made grouping data on beneficiaries of assistance for disabilities in Binjai City using the K-Means algorithm clustering method.

Article 27 letters (g) and (h) of the 2006 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities regulates that state parties must employ persons with disabilities in the government sector and promote employment for persons with disabilities in the private sector through appropriate policies and measures which may include concrete action programs, incentives and other steps. Based on data from the Ministry of Manpower in 2021 and 2022, less than 1% of people with disabilities can work in the public and private sectors. The main problems in this research are: How is Article 27 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2006 implemented in Law Number 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities; What is the solution to the weakness in implementing Article 27 of the 2006 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Law Number 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities. The theories used in this research are the theory of monism and the theory of legal positivism.The type of research used in this research is normative legal research. Normative legal research is a process of finding legal rules, legal principles and legal doctrines to answer the legal issues faced. This research focuses on legal synchronization, namely examining the harmony of positive law (legislation) so that it does not conflict based on the hierarchy of laws and regulations.The results of this research are that the implementation of Article 27 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2006 in Law Number 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities has weaknesses, where none of this law regulates sanctions for the government, regional governments, State-Owned Enterprises, Regional-Owned Enterprises and private companies that do not meet the quota for disabled workers as regulated in Article 53 of Law Number 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities. Therefore, the government needs to formulate government regulations as soon as possible as implementing regulations for Law Number 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities, so that there is legal clarity and certainty, especially for law enforcers and people with disabilities.

The implementation of equal rights for persons with disabilities in Indonesia still needs to be improved. This is a challenge for us as Indonesian citizens to realize equal rights, especially for persons with disabilities. This article was prepared to explore the public's knowledge of persons with disabilities, including the rights that they must obtain. This article was also compiled with the hope of increasing public awareness of the importance of equal rights for persons with disabilities. The researcher used a qualitative method with a survey approach to the wider community, which targeted students at SMAN 25 Bandung. Researchers conducted socialization activities and discussions to find out how the wider community's knowledge about people with disabilities, and the urgency of accessibility for them because this is also one of the processes to implement these laws. It was found that the community already knows what people with disabilities are but there is still a stigma that arises against them. In the environment, there are still many people who feel reluctant or even afraid when facing people with disabilities, so the process of implementing equal rights for them is hampered. Therefore, it is important to give people an understanding of how crucial equal rights are for people with disabilities. They do not need to be fixed or cured, they just need to be accepted for who they are and not treated differently from the rest of society.

Getting a job is every person's right to live their life. In terms of getting a job, both normal people and those with disabilities should be able to get the same and decent work without any discrimination. This is in accordance with the body of the 1945 Constitution. This research is related to legal protection for workers with disabilities. The aim of this research is to find out the forms of legal protection for workers with disabilities, as well as to find out the challenges faced in legal protection for workers with disabilities. This research uses a qualitative analysis research method with a literature study approach. The results of this research are regarding legal protection for workers with disabilities regulated in several laws and regulations in Indonesia and international conventions ratified by the Indonesian government. Then the challenges in protecting workers with disabilities include stigma and discrimination, lack of public awareness, lack of access to infrastructure for people with disabilities, lack of regulations and limited types of work. This is a challenge in providing protection to workers with disabilities.

This article discusses children who experience movement and motor barriers / disabilities, disabilities include children with special needs because they have physical disorders that interfere with movement due to congenital bone structure abnormalities, illness, or due to accidents, such as polio and paralysis, The way to communicate with children with disabilities is by: (1) Everyone must change his perspective on children with disabilities and realize that everyone has disadvantages and advantages; (2) Everyone shall pay attention to the readiness of the school, including its administration, principal, and students; and (3) provide special facilities for persons with disabilities. (4) Embrace them so that they can blend in with the general public and not feel inferior. This research uses a qualitative approach where the data collected for this research is collected through reviews of journals, books, and other sources of information relevant to the research topic Data analysis is carried out through a descriptive approach, which involves data reduction techniques, data analysis, and drawing conclusions. So according to the results of the study there are several causes of disorder 1. Before birth 2. At birth 3. After birth.

Education fairness being the important thing to note in this nation. The House should not be disabled again getting marginalized place. They have the same right to a decent education ". So the potential they possess could develop with optimal. Every human being is created with all that perfection, then human perfection is not diminished by the lack of a physical condition. This research aims to examine the importance of organized school inclusion, especially the material of Ideal Religious Education for persons with disabilities. Library research methods used over the excavation information from a variety of literature-related education for the disabled. The results show that all schools can be the school inclusion. Of course with increased competence of teachers in designing learning so that it can be accepted by people with diffabilities.

The purpose of preparing this article is to describe the juridical basis for inclusive education. This study uses a qualitative method. Data collection techniques include: observation using the Google Scholar search tool. The results of this research are that inclusive education is education that is friendly to all children, with an education service system that requires children with special needs to study in nearby schools in regular classes with friends their age. The juridical basis for inclusive education can be found in several laws and regulations and can be applied in schools with the principles of Law NO. 8 of 2016 Chapter III Part 6 Article 10 Concerning the Right to Education. States that, The right to education for Persons with Disabilities.

Public transportation is one of the transportation media that is very necessary for the community and the government to minimize the use of private transportation as well as congestion that is becoming more and more common in big cities in Indonesia. The use of public transportation is carried out by the government through State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) and Privately-Owned Enterprises (BUMS) through land, sea and air transportation. Public transportation in the past 1 (one) decade has become the main center of attention for the central and regional governments in order to minimize the accident rate on public transportation and make various policies to protect passengers and their heirs if unwanted things happen. So far, many students do not know the responsibilities of carriers in public transportation, therefore it is necessary to do community service in the form of outreach to increase the understanding of MA NU Mranggen students regarding the responsibilities of carriers in public transportation. This service is carried out by means of lectures and direct questions and answers and evaluation by distributing questionnaires before and after the activity is carried out. This service is carried out by an implementation team consisting of 1 (one) chairperson, and 2 (two) members. The implementation team is lecturers at the Faculty of Law, University of Semarang who are competent in mastering material regarding the responsibilities of carriers in commercial transport. The results of the dedication which took the theme of the rights of persons with disabilities, based on an average increase of 70.0%.

The background of this research is to understand how to communicate with persons with disabilities. The purpose of this research is for the general public to understand how to interact properly and correctly with persons with disabilities. The research method used in this study is a qualitative description method. The results of this study were to obtain data on communication problems that often occur between people with disabilities and how to communicate well with people with disabilities. The conclusion of this study is that it is difficult for people with disabilities to communicate, the right way to communicate is to communicate with love and feelings and with soft words.

  The discrimination that many people with disabilities experience is discrimination in the work environment to people with disability are only pitied and seen as having many limitations and ultimately hampering the surrounding community. This view still occurs in many companies, they are reluctant to accept people with disabilities because they are considered to only hamper the company. By examining this problem, it is hoped that it can render a concern for how the government should enforce and supervise the employment rights of persons with disability, both in the government and private companies. The method used is a qualitative approach with the type of case study and is descriptive with a case study of discrimination in the selection of civil servants. It could then be concluded that persons with disability are the same as other human beings who have human rights, including employment rights, these rights have been guaranteed and regulated in the 1945 Constitution, Human Rights Law, Law on Persons with Disabilities, and other laws and regulations and from this research, it was found that there is still perception against persons with disability in the selection of Civil Servant (PNS) admissions

The reason of this research is the concern of persons with disabilities who demand their rights to be able to carry out their daily activities comfortably and easily accessible. Therefore, this article aims to help people with disabilities to get their rights with in-depth research on how good and equitable infrastructure is for people, especially people with disabilities. The data source for this research is the conclusion of several articles and journals that contain Accessibility and Infrastructure for Persons with Disabilities. The results are in the form of a discussion of the infrastructure itself and how good facilities are for persons with disabilities. The suggestions and recommendations that we can provide are optimizing, maximizing, maintaining, and repairing existing infrastructure in the environment and making it comfortable for persons with disabilities.