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The research is concerned with analyzing and measuring the impact of exchange ratechanges and their repercussions on local investment in Iraq during the period (2004-2022), asthe relationship between them is affected by global economic conditions such as high or lowoil prices and demand for the exchange rate internationally, as the response of the investmentsectors in Iraq to changes in the exchange rate varies, as the decline in the exchange rateencourages investment in the export sector and proves investments in the import-dependentsector, unlike its rise, which negatively affects the local economy The authorities are workingto take some measures and procedures such as providing financial support and incentives tosupport projects and thus promote local investment, as well as the political and securityfluctuations in Iraq that affect investor confidence and investment decisions and thus affecteconomic stability, and the relationship between local investment in Iraq and exchange ratechanges is somewhat complicated as they are affected by each other, so the monetaryauthority and investors must understand this relationship and understand its strategies in away that enhances and supports the investment climate in the Iraqi economy, Domesticinvestment and the exchange rate significantly affect the economic relations described in theARDL model , so it is recommended to develop fiscal and monetary economic policies thatsupport domestic investments and improve exchange rate stability to achieve moresustainable economic results.

The money supply can affect other economic variables, such as output and prices, create stability in the economy and help achieve the ultimate goal of monetary policy, namely the stability of inflation and exchange rates.  The level of the exchange rate by the monetary authority must be kept stable because an unstable exchange rate, especially one that experiences a sharp depreciation, can have financial crisis implications. This research approach was associative/quantitative research. The data used in this study are secondary data taken and processed from Bank Indonesia (BI) and the Central Statistics Agency (CSA) from 2013-2023 (11 years). Based on the results of regression analysis shows that the variable money supply, exchange rates, and interest rates simultaneously affect the inflation variable. Based on the results of regression analysis shows that the variable money supply has a positive and significant effect on inflation. Based on the results of regression analysis, the exchange rate variable has a negative and significant effect on inflation. Based on the regression analysis, the interest rate variable has no statistical effect on inflation.

This study examines the impact of interest rates and inflation during the 2019-2023 period on asset allocation strategies in Indonesia's investment portfolio. Investment decisions are heavily influenced by two macroeconomic components, namely interest rates and inflation. These factors mainly affect how assets comprise a portfolio. In this study, data on Bank Indonesia's benchmark interest rate and the national inflation rate over the past five years are analyzed to see the pattern of change and its impact on asset allocation strategies, which include stocks, bonds, property, and other assets. The results show that rising interest rates significantly encourage people to shift from high-risk assets (e.g. stocks) to safer assets (e.g. bonds and deposits). Meanwhile, high inflation triggers an increased allocation to physical assets such as property and gold as a hedge against declining purchasing power. This research provides insights for investors to adjust their investment portfolios based on macroeconomic dynamics, especially in the face of interest rate volatility and inflation. The findings also highlight the importance of flexibility and diversification in asset allocation strategies to achieve optimal investment objectives amid economic uncertainty. The conclusion of this study confirms the importance of understanding interest rate and inflation dynamics in formulating effective investment strategies in Indonesia. The implications of these findings can be used by investors and policymakers in designing better monetary policies and investment strategies, in order to maintain national economic stability.

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the impact of the socio-economic environment in career formation. The research method used is qualitative with a library research approach through descriptive analysis. The data collection technique used is a literature review in the form of books, journals, and articles that are in line with the issues raised in the study. The data analysis used was descriptive analysis based on literature data related to the research variables. The results of the review show that financial climate is significantly related to career arrangements. Families with good financial circumstances can offer greater assistance regarding access to education and career inspiration. On the other hand, financial barriers thwart such access, which is related to students' career decisions and development. . This study assumes that family financial circumstances, e.g., parents‘ education level, salary, and monetary power, are significantly related to students’ career planning and development.

Using a quantitative approach, this study investigates the effect of port export and import volumes on economic growth in North Sumatra and West Sumatra Provinces. Time series data from the World Bank and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) from 2006 to 2023 are used as secondary data. The analysis uses the ARDL Panel model, which allows for analysis of data dynamics across time and regions. The results show that the three main indicators that affect economic growth (GRDP) in both provinces, both in the short and long term, are export volume, inflation, and exchange rates. In North Sumatra, export volume has a positive impact on GRDP, while import volume has a negative impact, indicating a risk of dependence on imports. Controlled inflation also has a positive impact, while the exchange rate shows a diversion. Policy recommendations are expected to improve global competitiveness and exchange rate stability through coordination of fiscal and monetary policies, support for the Export Capacity Building Program and MSMEs through the Regional Comprehensive Economic Framework (RCEP), and export diversification to reduce dependence on certain commodities. This study emphasizes that policies that are responsive to changes in trade at the national to international levels are an important foundation for stabilizing sustainable economic growth.

Customer segmentation plays a pivotal role in driving marketing strategies and improving customer retention across various industries. This study explores the application of the RFM (Recency, Frequency, Monetary) model for customer segmentation in a Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) business, using Python for efficient data processing and analysis. By analyzing one year of customer purchase data, we segmented customers into key groups such as "Champions," "Loyal Customers," and "At Risk." The results highlight that targeted discount strategies significantly affect profitability, especially for high-value customer segments. Furthermore, the research builds upon existing methodologies, demonstrating how Python-based implementations streamline RFM analysis and allow for scalable solutions in business contexts, as illustrated in prior works by Hermawan et al. (2024). This study offers actionable recommendations, including tailored discounting, loyalty programs, and personalized engagement strategies, to enhance customer retention and business profitability. The findings underscore the importance of data-driven marketing approaches for customer segmentation and engagement, reinforcing the relevance of the RFM model in modern business environments.

This research implements RFM (Recency, Frequency, Monetary) analysis to perform customer segmentation and evaluate the effectiveness of marketing campaigns in a retail company. Using a Kaggle dataset, this study identifies customers based on purchasing behaviour and assesses marketing campaign responses for each segment. The analysis reveals that Loyal, VIP, and New Customer segments showed the highest responses, especially in Campaign 6. The findings emphasize the importance of targeting resources on effective segments and campaigns to optimize marketing strategies and maximize ROI. Personalized campaigns based on segmentation can enhance customer retention and align product offerings with customer needs.

This study aims to optimize marketing strategies through RFM (Recency, Frequency, Monetary) analysis on a retail transaction dataset obtained from Kaggle. The dataset contains 64,682 transactions from 5,242 SKUs involving 22,625 customers over one year. Data cleaning and RFM analysis were conducted to segment customers based on recency, frequency, and monetary values. The findings reveal that customers were segmented into groups such as Champions, Loyal Customers, and At Risk. These segments provide valuable insights for developing targeted marketing strategies, such as loyalty programs for high-value customers and retention campaigns for at-risk customers. The study demonstrates that RFM analysis is effective in identifying valuable customer segments and optimizing marketing efforts based on customer behavior. This approach can increase customer retention and improve the return on investment (ROI) in marketing campaigns.

The purpose of this study is to analyse the short-term and long-term economic dynamics based on the Phillips Curve regarding the relationship between inflation and unemployment. The analysis results show that there is an inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment when viewed from the Phillips Curve model in the short-term. The concept of the Natural Rate of Unemployment (NRU) and the Non-Rapid Inflationary Unemployment Rate (NAIRU) emphasizes that the relationship between inflation and unemployment in the long term will weaken due to people's inflation expectations. The results of the study also show that globalization and rapid technological developments are increasingly blurring the traditional relationship between inflation and unemployment, and the importance of adaptive monetary and fiscal policies. The results of this study provide insight for policymakers to formulate more effective strategies to manage inflation and unemployment.

In this modern era, handling environmental issues such as climate change and waste management is becoming increasingly crucial. The Waste Bank Program in South Rejowinagun plays a central role in the Climate Village initiative, aiming to increase community awareness of waste management through sorting and recycling. This initiative relies on active community participation to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills and lower greenhouse gas emissions, thereby contributing to environmental cleanliness and climate change mitigation. Apart from positive ecological impacts, the Waste Bank also creates economic opportunities for the community by implementing a waste "savings" system, where each separated type has monetary value. The methods used, including lectures, counselling and training, are designed to educate the public, including PAUD children, about the importance of effective waste management. Although this program has shown positive results, challenges like a lack of public understanding remain. To overcome this and increase program effectiveness, a more intensive educational approach and strengthening collaboration networks between communities are needed.

This study aims to determine the effect of monetary policy on economic growth. This study uses the Vector Autoregression method by completing the assumption test and estimation on the research variables of inflation, investment, credit, interest rates and gross regional domestic product. Time series research data from 2003-2022 sourced from the Central Bureau of Statistics of North Sumatra (BPS) SUMUT with the results obtained are inflation and interest rates give the results that inflation is influenced by investment and credit, until investment affects gross regional domestic product. Then credit also affects inflation and interest rates and gross regional domestic product is influenced by investment and credit. Thus, in determining policies that encourage economic growth the government must consider a more coordinated monetary policy strategy to deal with the dynamics of strengthening interest rates, controlling inflation, can be measures that support economic stability.

This research attempted to analyze the impact of financial and economic shocks in a number of developing countries that are similar in terms of the size of the economy and the diversity of its economic structure, as well as the similarity in the quality of the exchange systems used to demonstrate the extent of the monetary authorities’ ability to target inflation in light of the occurrence of shocks of various types and forms during the research period, in addition to This is an indication of the extent of the diversity of the economy and its connection to those shocks, as the oil sector constitutes a large portion of the gross domestic product of the countries of the research sample, with this being lower for the Emirati economy, and this matter made the Iraqi economy to be more affected by the economic crises and shocks that occurred during the period of the study compared to other economies. Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, where the Saudi economy comes in second place in terms of being affected by these shocks, followed by the Emirati economy, which had the least impact. The research variables (inflation, public revenues, and gross domestic product) were also closely linked to the occurrence of both positive and negative financial and economic shocks. When countries face a positive economic shock, the economic situation in the sample countries improves, and the research variables tend to increase, and vice versa when those countries face a shock. Negative, taking into account the varying rates of impact and response, especially with the UAE economy.

This study aims to analyze and explain the enforcement of criminal law against perpetrators of corruption for state losses at PT Asuransi Jiwasraya. As well as explaining the accountability of perpetrators of corruption for state losses in the use of customer funds at PT Asuransi Jiwasraya through Cassation Decision Number 2931 K / Pid.Sus / 2021 and government efforts to provide protection to customers or policyholders of PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya. This study employs a normative legal research methodology. The study's findings demonstrate that PT Asuransi Jiwasraya's criminal law enforcement is following the guidelines laid out in Law Number 31 of 1999, as revised by Law Number 20 of 2001, when it comes to prosecuting those responsible for causing state losses due to corruption. The formulation demonstrates the efficacy of current legal regulations in handling the Jiwasraya case and protects the interests of public investors and shareholders. It contains specific elements and is subject to a specific sentencing system. Corruption at PT Asuransi Jiwasraya has resulted in monetary losses for the state. This is due to the defendant's substantial acts, which satisfy the criteria for a "Criminal Act" and a "error" that can be either "intentional" or "dolus" according to the trial evidence. This conclusion is reached in Cassation Decision Number 2931 K/Pid.Sus/2021. Customers or policyholders of PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya are protected through repressive legal measures, specifically through criminal channels, against those who have been proven to have violated the Corruption Crime Law, Article 55, paragraph 1, number 1, and Article 2 paragraph 1.

This study explores human complexity and its impact on macroeconomic development. The main focus is on the buyer's mental variables, such as financial assumptions and courage, and how these elements influence business utilization and behavior. Information from measured studies and investigations shows that positive monetary assumptions will often strengthen financial movements, while vulnerabilities or negative assumptions can hinder monetary developments. The proposed strategy suggestions include clear correspondence to rebuild public confidence and appropriate monetary enhancement arrangements. By understanding these elements, this exploration provides further insight into the collaboration between shopper brain science and macroeconomics, which is important for planning compelling strategic systems in the face of advanced economies.    

This study examines the influence of monetary policy, particularly interest rates, on economic stability in the TIMI countries (Thailand, India, Malaysia, and Indonesia). It underscores the vital role of interest rates in controlling inflation and stimulating economic growth. Utilizing a Vector Autoregression (VAR) model, the research analyzes the reciprocal relationships between crucial economic indicators such as GDP, CPI, exchange rates, consumption, interest rates, and trade balances from 2008 to 2022. For instance, adjustments in interest rates can influence investment levels, consumption patterns, and inflation rates, thereby affecting overall economic activity. The Granger causality tests indicate that short-term relationships between these variables are insignificant, but long-term interactions are evident. This supports the Johansen cointegration results, which confirm two cointegrated equations at the 5% significance level. The study emphasizes maintaining interest rate stability for sustainable economic growth and price stability. It highlights that fluctuations in interest rates, influenced by global economic conditions and domestic economic policies, play a crucial role in the economic performance of TIMI countries. Recommendations for central banCM include implementing responsive and adaptive interest rate policies to manage inflation, foster economic growth, and maintain exchange rate stability. This approach is essential for addressing disparities in income, education, healthcare, and technology access, which are critical for equitable economic development. In conclusion, this research underscores the importance of a nuanced understanding of monetary policy's impact on economic stability and the need for coordinated efforts between fiscal and monetary authorities to achieve long-term

Study This study about policy Islamic monetary , which includes base theoretical , implementation in various countries, as well its impact and effectiveness . Policy Islamic monetary , which is based on principles sharia like prohibition usury , emphasis on sectors real , and principle for result , aim For create stability economy and justice socio-economic . The implementation varies in different countries, with some countries implement it system Islamic finance​ full and others using a hybrid model. Research methods used​ is review literature , which involves collection , analysis , and synthesis various source secondary like books , articles journals , and reports relevant research .​ Research result show that policy effective Islamic monetary in control inflation , pushing growth sustainable economy , and improve stability finance . However , challenges still There is in matter standardization practice between countries and integration with system global finance . This study emphasize importance innovation instrument finance sharia and improvement Work The same international For increase effectiveness policy Islamic monetary future .  

This study aims to analyze the best-selling ice cream sales data in 2022 from the Mixue Karangjati franchise in Semarang Regency, as well as calculate the contribution margin ratio (RCM) and break-even point (BEP) in units and monetary value for each item. Sales data and related costs are processed to gain insights into the company's financial performance. The analysis results indicate that the RCM for the year 2022 is 7.4%, while the BEP in units and monetary value has been calculated for each item. Additionally, planning recommendations for the future are provided, including product diversification, cost monitoring, technology utilization, and service quality improvement. This study provides crucial insights for management in financial planning and strategic decision-making to achieve the company's business goals.

The impact of unemployment is divided into two aspects seen from economic development, namely the impact of unemployment on a country's economy and the impact of unemployment on the economy of individuals who experience it and society. The aim of this journal is to determine the impacts of unemployment on Indonesia's social and economic stability. The method used is the descriptive-qualitative analysis method. The results of this journal explain that unemployment can cause consumption to decrease, because unemployment can reduce household income, which as a result can reduce consumer spending. Overall, the social impact of unemployment can be very detrimental to Indonesian society, causing economic and psychological stress for those affected. Therefore, it is important to implement policies and programs that aim to reduce unemployment rates and support people who have difficulty finding work.

  Abstract, Fiscal and monetary policies have an important role in sustainable economic growth in Indonesia. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policies in achieving sustainable economic growth. The research method applied is descriptive analysis using secondary data obtained from various trusted sources. The research results show that fiscal policy, which includes budget regulation, taxes and subsidies, has made a positive contribution to economic growth. However, efforts are still needed to improve the efficiency of budget management and transparency in the use of public funds. Meanwhile, monetary policy, which includes setting interest rates and the money supply, also has a significant impact on economic growth. However, the need to balance price stability and economic growth remains a challenge. In conclusion, to achieve sustainable economic growth, close coordination between fiscal and monetary policies is needed. In addition, comprehensive structural reforms and increasing institutional capacity are very important to create a supportive environment to ensure sustainable economic growth in Indonesia.

The aim of this research is to analyze the Application of Management Accounting to Company Financial Performance. This research uses qualitative research with a literature study research method. The research results show that the application of management accounting which includes finance, production and marketing will help each division manager start and make definite decisions. So the application of management accounting needs to be implemented on an ongoing basis with the aim of implementing maximum financial performance for each company. Focusing on financial performance, management accounting will provide precise information based on company data in financial reports and journals which will also be used as insight into non-financial performance. The usefulness of executive bookkeeping relies on the idea of ​​proper administration and bookkeeping, in introducing monetary data that is useful for the organization to carry out the most practical arrangement, supervision, direction and portion of assets, thus requiring good administration. The application of accounting management in a company found that to see financial performance it was necessary to measure financial conditions using data and information from the company's annual financial report each year.