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This study examines the role of students of IFTK Ledalero in responding to human rights (HR) issues through the integration of theoretical understanding, spirituality, and concrete action. The background of this research is rooted in the increasing complexity of human rights violations in Indonesia, particularly in marginalized communities, which demands a contextual and transformative response from academic institutions. The objective of this study is to analyze how students internalize human rights values from philosophical and theological perspectives and translate them into practical engagement. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method, using literature review and contextual analysis of student involvement in social issues. The findings indicate that while students possess strong theoretical foundations and spiritual motivations, there remains a gap in translating these into consistent and structured advocacy actions. However, emerging initiatives such as community service, pastoral engagement, and social campaigns demonstrate a growing awareness and commitment. The implication of this study emphasizes the need for a more integrative educational approach that bridges theory, spirituality, and praxis, enabling students to become transformative agents in promoting human dignity and justice.

Technological developments have brought significant changes to various aspects of human life, including church life. These changes also impact intergenerational relationships within the congregation. This paper aims to examine the challenges faced by church leaders at GEKISIA Depok in serving Generation X, Millennials, and Generation Z, and to examine the relevance of the theological principle of Romans 12:2 in addressing these challenges. Ultimately, the author observes that differences in generational characteristics influence communication patterns, ministry models, and congregational expectations of church leadership. Therefore, church leaders in the digital age are required to be adaptive, transformative, and remain rooted in biblical values. Romans 12:2 serves as an important theological foundation for Christian leaders to experience a renewed mindset so they can serve according to God's will without being influenced by worldly patterns. Furthermore, the challenge of cross-generational leadership is not merely practical in nature, but also theological. Each generation brings different experiences, values, and perspectives in understanding faith and spirituality. Generation X tends to value institutional stability and loyalty, while Millennials are more oriented toward authentic experience and community. Generation Z, having grown up entirely in the digital age, communicates and expresses faith in ways that differ greatly from previous generations. In this context, church leaders are called to become bridges between generations, rather than simply following trends or rigidly preserving tradition.

This study examines the urgency of foreign nationals' (WNA) legal status and visa compliance in the vehicle rental business in Bali, as well as its impact on business disputes involving local entrepreneurs. The increasing number of international tourists visiting Bali has spurred the growth of vehicle rental services, yet it has also given rise to illegal practices by foreign nationals such as misuse of tourist visas for commercial purposes, tax evasion, and unfair business competition. This research adopts a normative juridical method using statute, conceptual, and case approaches, referring to key legal documents including Law No. 6 of 2011 on Immigration, Law No. 6 of 2023 on Manpower, Ministerial Regulation No. 21 of 2016, and Bali Regional Regulation No. 5 of 2016 on Tour Guiding. The findings highlight the vulnerability of rental contracts under Article 1548 of the Indonesian Civil Code, risks of breach of contract, and widespread violations of the Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement (ETLE) system, the penalties of which are imposed on rental owners. Nationality disparities and weak immigration oversight further undermine the effectiveness of law enforcement. This study concludes that legal protection for local business actors relies heavily on the legal clarity of WNA status, the appropriateness of 1 visa categories, and strong inter-agency coordination. The novelty of this research lies in integrating legal analysis of WNA legitimacy with a dispute resolution framework specific to the vehicle rental sector in Bali’s tourism landscape a perspective that has been largely overlooked in prior studies. The recommendations include strengthening rental contracts, enhancing coordinated supervisory mechanisms, and harmonizing civil and criminal law to establish a stronger deterrent effect.

Tourism in Bali, as the backbone of the regional economy, absorbs more than 50% of the workforce and gives rise to complex labor dynamics. Although Law No. 13 of 2003 on Manpower and Law No. 21 of 2000 on Trade Unions guarantee worker protection and freedom of association, the reality on the ground is still marked by the misuse of fixed-term employment contracts (PKWT), violations of outsourcing regulations, and both structural and cultural barriers to union formation. This article employs a normative juridical approach, using statute, conceptual, and case-based methods to analyze the regulatory framework and the responses of workers, employers, and government actors in addressing industrial relations disputes within Bali’s tourism sector. The findings reveal a significant gap between written legal norms and actual practice: repeated extensions of PKWT, outsourcing of core tasks such animal caretaking, union-busting through dismissal of union members, and weak law enforcement at regional level. Trade unions play a role in mediation and advocacy, but their performance is hindered by employer intimidation, low legal literacy among workers, and limited institutional support. Bridging this gap requires strict oversight, legal education for workers, as well as the strengthening of union capacity and the authority of local governments.

Rapid urban growth is often linked to the narrative of sustainable development, yet the reality is that fundamental issues remain in the management of urban waste. This paper aims to examine the gap between the concept of a sustainable city and sub-optimal waste management practices. Through a normative legal approach involving an analysis of legislation and relevant literature, it has been found that the implementation of waste management policies continues to face various challenges, such as weak law enforcement, a lack of policy integration, and low levels of public participation. On the other hand, the use of the label ‘sustainable city’ tends to be symbolic and does not yet reflect comprehensive practices. This paper positions the issue of waste as a key indicator in assessing urban sustainability. The novelty of this study lies in its critical approach, which links the discourse on sustainability with the contextual realities of waste management, thereby offering a more reflective and distinct perspective from previous studies.

Ntobo Specta is a community service program implemented by students of the Community Service Program (KKN) of the Bima College of Economics (STIE) as an effort to support the development of a creative economy based on local potential in Ntobo Village. Ntobo Village is known as one of the centers of traditional weaving craftsmen who are the main source of income for most of the community. However, promotion and marketing of woven products are still limited, so innovative activities are needed to increase the attractiveness and economic value of local weaving. Ntobo Specta activities are packaged in the form of a bazaar for weaving MSMEs and a fashion show made from typical Ntobo woven fabrics involving elementary, middle, and high school students. This activity aims to introduce Ntobo weaving to the wider community, increase the interest of the younger generation in local culture, and open marketing opportunities for weaving MSMEs. The implementation method is carried out through the stages of coordination, activity preparation, event implementation, and evaluation. The results of the activity show that Ntobo Specta is able to be an effective medium for promoting culture and the creative economy. The enthusiasm of the community and participants has a positive impact on increasing the existence of Ntobo weaving as a superior regional product. Furthermore, this activity also stimulates economic growth in the community by increasing awareness of local woven products and expanding the marketing network for MSMEs. Thus, Ntobo Specta is a form of community empowerment that integrates cultural preservation with strengthening the creative economy based on local wisdom.

The development of digital technology and internet penetration are driving changes in consumer behavior and demanding that MSMEs not only adapt but also understand the operational motives and marketing channel integration strategies to face competition in the digital era. This study aims to examine the operational motives and technical adaptation processes of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Bali in integrating online and offline marketing channels through an omnichannel strategy to respond to intense market competition in the digital era. This descriptive qualitative research uses a multiple case study approach in three different MSME sectors: goods maintenance services, creative services, and fashion retail. Data collection was conducted through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and a review of digital activities, then analyzed through single-case and cross-case stages. The results show that MSMEs optimize digital channels as instruments to expand reach and trigger consumer emotional engagement through a visual storytelling approach, while physical stores are crucially maintained as points of sensory validation. Functional integration has been proven to accommodate the shift in consumer behavior towards a hybrid decision-making pattern. In this pattern, consumers conduct information searches and initial evaluations online, but tend to shift to offline interactions to validate quality and finalize transactions to minimize purchase risk. In conclusion, cross-channel operational synergy has proven essential in boosting the competitive advantage of MSMEs.

Hypertension is a condition where blood pressure increases above normal limits as indicated by systolic and diastolic values ​​during examination. In Karanglangit Village, the community's low level of knowledge regarding risk factors, prevention and treatment of hypertension is an obstacle in controlling this disease. This service activity aims to increase public understanding so that they are able to implement efforts to prevent and manage hypertension independently. The method used is direct counseling with the help of presentation media and educational posters. The activity stages include completing a pre-test, providing material about hypertension, an interactive discussion session, and a post-test. The activity was carried out in January 2026 at the Karanglangit Village Hall, Lamongan District, with 26 PKK women participating. The results show an increase in participants' knowledge, marked by an increase in the average score from 76.92% in the pre-test to 100% in the post-test. The paired t-test showed a significant difference before and after the counseling (p<0.001), so that the activity was considered effective in increasing community knowledge. Apart from that, participants also better understand the importance of a healthy lifestyle, regular check-ups, and compliance in maintaining stable blood pressure.

This study examines the use of dysphemistic language in selected songs from Sabrina Carpenter’s Man’s Best Friend album. The research aims to identify the dysphemistic expressions found in the lyrics and to analyze how these expressions are linguistically constructed to convey emotional intensity and communicative meaning. The study applies a qualitative descriptive approach. The data consist of dysphemistic expressions collected from the selected song lyrics and classified according to the dysphemism categories proposed by Keith Allan and Kate Burridge. The analysis focuses on identifying the types of dysphemism and examining their function as a language strategy within the lyrical context. The findings indicate that dysphemistic expressions appear consistently in the lyrics and contribute to the expression of emotional tension and interpersonal conflict. These expressions also function as a stylistic device that shapes the tone and communicative impact of the songs. The study highlights the role of dysphemistic language as part of the expressive and stylistic resources used in contemporary pop music lyrics.

This research examines digital charity practices within Christian media communication on YouTube, focusing on two distinct donation formats: marapthon live stream donations (e.g., 24‑hour fundraising events) and sermon‑based donations (offerings collected during or after online worship services). Despite the rapid growth of faith‑based online giving, a critical problem remains: the absence of an integrated system that aligns these two donation models with Christian values of transparency, accountability, and community stewardship. Existing platforms often treat live marapthon and sermon donations separately, leading to fragmented donor experiences and inefficient fund utilization. Therefore, this study aims to develop a conceptual framework for an integrated digital charity system by comparatively analyzing media communication strategies in both donation contexts. The proposed method is a netnographic comparative analysis, involving systematic observation of YouTube comments, chat logs, and video descriptions from 10 Christian channels (5 marapthon‑focused, 5 sermon‑focused) over six months, supplemented by semi‑structured interviews with content creators and donors. The main findings reveal that marapthon donations emphasize urgency and real‑time social proof, while sermon donations rely on theological framing and pastoral trust. The synthesis proposes a hybrid system architecture incorporating real‑time donation tracking, automated acknowledgment, and weekly theological reflection modules. In conclusion, integrating both models into a single development framework enhances donor engagement and aligns digital charity with Christian communication ethics, offering practical guidelines for church‑based YouTubers and platform developers.

This research critically investigates the circulation of disinformation concerning the instability of fuel prices on the digital platform X and its subsequent implications for the polarization of modern society. In an era where unverified economic news frequently dictates public reaction, fake news often acts as a potent catalyst for mass anxiety. By implementing a quantitative framework driven by lexicon-based computational sentiment analysis, this study effectively processed a dataset of 500 public opinion samples extracted via Google Colab spanning from April 2024 to April 2026. To ensure computational accuracy and eliminate textual noise, the data underwent a rigorous preprocessing phase encompassing case folding, alongside the systematic removal of URLs, account mentions, numbers, hashtags, and punctuation marks. The statistical outcomes revealed a highly disproportionate emotional landscape, overwhelmingly dominated by 451 negative reviews. In stark contrast, neutral observations and positive affirmations were nearly absent, recording only 40 and 9 instances, respectively. The data compellingly illustrates that the relentless influx of pessimistic narratives regarding economic instability directly induces financial panic, undermines rational discourse, and severely fragments cyberspace into deeply polarized factions.

This study examines eschatology within the framework of Catholic faith as a reflection of faith and hope of salvation, not merely as a depiction of the end times. The background highlights the need to avoid reducing eschatology to a sole event of judgment day, by emphasizing the close relationship between eschatology, Christology, and soteriology, as well as the role of faith in the daily life of Catholic believers. The aim of the study is to articulate eschatology as an integrative framework that connects faith, hope, love, sacraments, liturgy, and inculturation in the Church’s praxis, and to consolidate the active participation of the faithful in the Kingdom of God, which has been initiated but not yet completed. The research method is descriptive-analytical literature review, comparing the views of experts, the Church Magisterium, and contemporary liturgical and theological documents to construct a comprehensive theoretical framework. The main findings indicate that Catholic eschatology functions as a moral and spiritual engine: (1) it integrates the “already and not yet” in the experience of faith; (2) it links eschatological hope with the actions of love, justice, and social liberation; (3) it bridges private faith with sacramental practice and inculturation. Theological and pastoral implications include strengthening faith formation, participation in liturgy, and an imaginative response to present-day social and environmental challenges. This narrative affirms a living, inclusive, and relevant eschatology for the Church’s life of faith in the contemporary era.

This study was conducted in response to the increasingly complex nutritional issues among adolescents, reflected in the coexistence of undernutrition and overnutrition within the same population, which are closely associated with dietary consumption patterns. The research aimed to investigate the relationship between diet quality and the nutritional status of students at SMAN 9 Surabaya. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design was employed, involving 85 participants selected based on the estimated sample requirement for correlation analysis. Dietary intake data were collected using two non-consecutive 24-hour food recalls and subsequently assessed using the Diet Quality Index for Adolescents (DQI-A). Nutritional status was determined through BMI-for-age calculations in accordance with the World Health Organization standards. Data analysis was performed using correlational testing and Chi-Square analysis to identify differences in proportions. The findings revealed that the respondents’ diet quality remained suboptimal, while most students were categorized as having normal nutritional status, although cases of undernutrition and overnutrition were still identified. A significant association was found between diet quality and nutritional status (p = 0.001), indicating that better diet quality tended to be linked with normal nutritional status. Based on the DQI-A components, dietary quality demonstrated a significant relationship with nutritional status (p = 0.007), whereas dietary diversity (p = 0.597) and dietary equilibrium (p = 0.507) showed no significant associations. These findings highlight that diet quality, particularly food selection patterns, plays an important role in determining adolescent nutritional status. Therefore, improving nutritional conditions requires more intensive nutrition education interventions focusing on healthy food choices, increased fruit and vegetable consumption, and controlled intake of sugar, salt, and fat, supported consistently by both individuals and the school environment.

This study is motivated by the importance of understanding theology not merely as a theoretical concept, but as a reflection of faith that is lived within the cultural context of society. In the context of the Dayak community in Central Kalimantan, there is a close relationship between cultural values and spiritual life, thus requiring a theological approach that can bridge the two. This study aims to analyze the praxis model in contextual theology and its application in the life of the Dayak community. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach through literature study by examining various relevant sources. The results show that the praxis model emphasizes the relationship between lived experience, faith reflection, and concrete action. Cultural values such as togetherness and mutual cooperation are in line with Christian teachings; however, there are also traditional practices that create tension with faith. The church plays an important role in addressing this through a dialogical and reflective approach. The implications of this study indicate that the application of the praxis model enables believers to live out their faith in a contextual, relevant, and transformative way in daily life without losing their cultural identity.Top of Form

PT. X is a textile company that produces greige fabric. One of the crucial stages in the greige fabric production process is inspection. Currently, the facility layout of the inspection area at PT X is still suboptimal. This results in longer fabric movement distances and increased time, leading to delivery delays and higher material handling costs. This study aims to design an optimal facility layout in the inspection area using the Activity Relationship Chart (ARC) method and to determine the distances, times, and costs for the proposed layout. In the initial production layout, the fabric movement distance reached 26,130 meters in one working day, and the fabric movement time was 936 minutes. Furthermore, the initial production layout generated a relatively high OMH of Rp 13,742,980 per month. After designing the facility layout using the Activity Relationship Chart (ARC) and Blockplan methods, the proposed layout was arranged according to the production process sequence, resulting in a smoother material flow. The proposed layout yields 16,830 meters of fabric movement per workday, 660 minutes of required time, and a monthly OMH of Rp 7,945,622, with an efficiency of 39.32%.

Digital transformation has positioned artificial intelligence (AI) as a major driver of organizational change and innovation. This study aims to analyze the influence of AI implementation on transformational leadership dynamics and the shifting role of leaders in managing human resources through a Systematic Literature Review of reputable studies published within the last five years. The findings indicate that AI acts as a catalyst in strengthening the dimensions of intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration through predictive analytics and talent personalization. The automation of administrative and repetitive tasks enables leaders to focus more on strategic vision, organizational innovation, decision-making, and emotional engagement with employees. However, the effectiveness of AI implementation is highly dependent on leaders’ digital literacy, adaptive capabilities, and readiness to integrate technology into organizational processes. This study contributes by proposing a hybrid leadership framework that combines artificial intelligence with human emotional intelligence to support more effective leadership practices. The practical implications emphasize the importance of leadership development that prioritizes empathy, ethical awareness, and algorithmic transparency in order to maintain trust, encourage sustainable innovation, and strengthen organizational resilience in increasingly dynamic and volatile environments.

This study examines the cultural meanings contained in student protest slogans during the October 2025 demonstrations using an anthropolinguistic approach. Language in protest slogans functions not only as a communication tool but also as a cultural representation reflecting social values, ideology, collective identity, and social practices. The purpose of this study is to reveal the cultural meanings embedded in student protest slogans and explain how these meanings are constructed through linguistic choices. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method with observation, note-taking, documentation, and brief interviews with participants as data collection techniques. The data were analyzed using distributional methods by identifying linguistic elements such as metaphors, irony, lexical choices, and sentence structures, then relating them to socio-cultural contexts. The findings show that protest slogans represent values of social solidarity, nationalism, social justice, transparency, criticism of power, gender equality, and resistance to state repression. In addition, slogans construct collective identities between citizens, government, and authorities, while carrying strong socio-political ideologies. These findings confirm that protest slogans are complex cultural practices and reflect students’ collective awareness in responding to social dynamics.

This study aims to analyze the level of student satisfaction in paying tuition fees (UKT) through the BRImo application at Universitas Negeri Gorontalo. The research applies the service quality (SERVQUAL) framework, which consists of five dimensions: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, with data collected through in-depth interviews, direct observations, and documentation. Participants included students who actively use the BRImo application for UKT payments as well as staff responsible for tuition management. Data analysis followed a systematic process involving data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions to ensure accuracy and clarity of findings. The results indicate that using the BRImo application for tuition payment offers significant convenience and efficiency, allowing students to complete transactions without physically visiting the university payment office. Despite these benefits, several challenges were identified, including failed transactions, delays in payment confirmation, and suboptimal responses from customer service staff. Overall, the study concludes that student satisfaction with tuition payments via BRImo is considered fairly good. Nevertheless, improvements in reliability and responsiveness are recommended to further enhance the user experience and optimize the quality of service provided.  

This study is motivated by the importance of understanding the visual characteristics of drawings produced by children aged 10–11 years within the context of non-formal learning. Children’s drawings not only represent objects but also reflect stages of visual development and learning experiences. This research draws upon theories of children’s artistic development and visual analysis in fine arts. The study employs a descriptive qualitative method with a visual analysis approach. The subjects consist of children aged 10–11 years who participate in private drawing lessons. Data were collected through observation, documentation of students’ artworks, and brief interviews with the instructor. The findings indicate that variations in drawing outcomes are influenced by the duration of learning, practice habits, and the teaching methods applied. Furthermore, the study reveals that children’s ability to produce simple realistic drawings is shaped by their learning experiences and instructional guidance during the learning process, resulting in diverse visual characteristics that remain within a developmental stage.

This study aims to examine how student lifestyles are represented on Instagram and how these representations can be understood through the concept of hyperreality. The research applies a qualitative approach using a literature review method by analyzing relevant scientific articles published within the last ten years. The findings indicate that Instagram is not only used as a communication medium but also as a space for self-representation. Students tend to upload curated content that highlights selected aspects of their lives, often emphasizing positive and visually appealing experiences. This practice reflects a process of constructing identity in the digital space. Through Jean Baudrillard’s perspective, these representations can be seen as forms of simulation that produce simulacra, where representations no longer directly refer to actual reality. As a result, a condition of hyperreality emerges, in which the boundary between reality and representation becomes increasingly blurred. This situation influences how students interpret social life and interact within digital environments. The study highlights the importance of understanding social media not only as a platform for interaction but also as a space where meanings and perceptions of reality are continuously shaped.