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This study aims to analyze the role of Christian Religious Education (CRE) teachers as counselors in shaping students’ social behavior amid increasing behavioral deviations such as bullying, violence, misuse of social media, and low tolerance. These phenomena are influenced by internal factors such as emotional instability and identity formation, as well as external factors including family, environment, and digital culture. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method using a library research approach by collecting data from books, scholarly journals, and relevant documents. The findings reveal that CRE teachers play a strategic role not only as educators but also as counselors who accompany students holistically, covering spiritual, moral, emotional, and social aspects. The counseling role performed by CRE teachers includes modeling behavior, mediating conflicts, strengthening self-control, providing social support, and building empathetic relationships with students. Through this approach, students undergo a process of internalizing Christian values such as love, forgiveness, responsibility, and tolerance, which contribute to the development of positive social behavior. Furthermore, collaboration among teachers, parents, and the community serves as a supporting factor in successful character formation. Therefore, the role of CRE teachers as counselors is proven to be effective in shaping students’ social behavior in accordance with moral, social, and religious values, while contributing to the development of a generation with integrity and competitiveness.

This study aims to analyze the effect of the implementation of the Flipped Classroom model with a Deep Learning approach on the critical thinking and collaboration skills of Phase F XI students on the digestive system material. The study used a mixed methods with an embedded experimental design type. The research sample consisted of one experimental class that received Flipped Classroom learning with a Deep Learning approach and one control class that received Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning. Data on critical thinking skills were collected through essay tests, while collaboration skills were obtained through observation sheets. Quantitative data analysis used One-Way MANCOVA and qualitative analysis was carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions assisted by NVivo. The results showed a simultaneous significant effect between the learning model on students' critical thinking and collaboration skills after controlling for initial abilities with a significance value of 0.002 (p<0.05). The average posttest critical thinking of the experimental group was 71.69 higher than the control group at 62.53. Meanwhile, the collaboration skills of both groups showed a relatively balanced increase. The ANCOVA results showed that the Flipped Classroom model with a Deep Learning approach significantly impacted critical thinking skills, but did not show a significant difference in collaboration skills. The research findings indicate that the integration of Flipped Classroom and Deep Learning is effective in improving students' critical thinking skills and supporting 21st-century learning.

The keywords are required for computerization. Research and abstract title search made easy with these keywords. This study aims to determine the application of the entrepreneurship-based Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model to improve students' critical thinking and collaboration skills in Biology lessons at MAN 2 Tanjung Jabung Timur. This study used the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method, implemented in two cycles: Cycle I and Cycle II. Each cycle consisted of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data collection techniques included observation, assessment, evaluation, reflection, and observation sheets for students' critical thinking and collaboration skills. The results showed that the implementation of the entrepreneurship-based PjBL model improved student learning outcomes, critical thinking skills, and collaboration. Assessment scores increased from 62 in Cycle I to 83 in Cycle II, representing a 33.87% increase. Evaluation scores increased from 73 to 93, representing a 27.40% increase, while reflection scores increased from 76 to 91, representing a 19.74% increase. Students' critical thinking skills also improved in the focus, reason, inference, situation, clarity, and overview indicators, which were dominated by categories 3 and 4 in Cycle II. Furthermore, students' collaborative skills improved across indicators of shared understanding, taking appropriate action, and team regulation. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the implementation of the entrepreneurship-based Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model is effective in improving students' critical thinking and collaboration skills in Biology.

This study aims to explain the effectiveness of assessment in the learning process, focusing on improving student outcomes at SDN Larangan Tokol 1 Pamekasan. This research applies a qualitative methodology categorized as a descriptive study. Data collection was carried out through observation, interview sessions, and document analysis involving teachers and students at SDN Larangan Tokol 1 Pamekasan The findings of the study indicate that the implementation of learning process evaluation is conducted systematically and continuously through question and answer activities, daily assignments, group discussions, learning practice, daily tests, as well as the assessment of students’ attitudes and skills. Teachers use various strategies to improve the effectiveness of learning evaluation, such as the use of varied teaching methods, providing motivation, habituation of discipline, utilization of learning media, and the implementation of remedial and enrichment programs.Supporting factors for the effectiveness of learning evaluation include the support of the principal, teacher competence, parental support, and the availability of learning facilities. Meanwhile, the obstacles include differences in students’ learning abilities, lack of motivation among some students, and limited availability of certain learning media.The assessment of the learning process contributes effectively to improving students’ academic achievement, shaping discipline and responsibility character, as well as increasing students’ participation and collaboration in the ongoing learning process. Therefore, learning assessment plays a crucial role in creating an effective learning process and improving student achievement at SDN Larangan Tokol 1 Pamekasan.

This study aims to determine the leadership competency of Catholic religious education teachers in creating a conducive learning environment at SMP Negeri 4 Nubatukan. This research used a qualitative approach with a case study approach. Data collection was conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation involving Catholic religious education teachers, students, and school officials. The results indicate that Catholic religious education teachers have demonstrated leadership competency through their ability to manage the classroom, provide good role models, build positive relationships with students, and provide motivation during the learning process. Teachers also strive to create a safe, comfortable, and orderly learning environment to encourage students to be more active in learning. Furthermore, several supporting factors exist, such as collaboration between teachers and the school, parental support, and the application of religious values ​​in the school environment. However, this study also identified several obstacles, such as limited learning facilities, lack of student participation, and limited learning time. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the leadership competency of Catholic religious education teachers plays a crucial role in creating a conducive learning environment and supporting student development, both academically and spiritually.

Teachers, as professionals, play a crucial role in managing learning in the classroom. One essential skill that teachers must have is managerial skills, which involve organizing learning activities, setting up the learning environment, and applying suitable methods for learning tasks. In the context of differentiated learning focused on student needs, teacher managerial competence is vital for designing and managing instruction tailored to each student's requirements. Differentiated learning is an approach that emphasizes meeting the needs, interests, and learning styles of individual students. This study was conducted using a literature review method, drawing data from various sources including books, articles, and relevant previous research. The review shows that for successful differentiated learning, teachers need to implement managerial strategies for identifying students’ learning needs, managing content, processes, learning products, and conducting regular formative assessments. Furthermore, teachers must create an environment that supports the learning process through strong collaboration among students, between teachers and students, and with parents. Therefore, improving teacher managerial skills is one way to achieve inclusive learning and accommodate student diversity.

This study examines the role of the creative economy in enhancing sustainable tourism potential in Pampang Cultural Village, Samarinda, Indonesia, and identifies strategic priorities for its development. Pampang Cultural Village is recognized for its rich cultural heritage preserved by the Dayak Kenyah community, which serves as a valuable tourism asset. Despite this potential, the contribution of creative economy activities to tourism development has not been fully optimized. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis is needed to formulate effective development strategies. This research employs a mixed qualitative–quantitative approach using the SWOT-AHP method. SWOT analysis is utilized to identify internal strengths and weaknesses as well as external opportunities and threats affecting creative economy development. Subsequently, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied to determine the priority level of each strategic factor and alternative strategy. The findings indicate that the village possesses significant creative economy potential in cultural performances, handicrafts, culinary products, traditional fashion, and cultural souvenirs. Cultural authenticity emerges as the primary strength, while limited innovation capacity and digital marketing skills remain the major weaknesses. The results further reveal that the highest-priority strategy is the development of innovative creative tourism products rooted in Dayak Kenyah cultural heritage while preserving cultural authenticity. This strategy should be supported by digital promotion, human resource capacity building, stakeholder collaboration, and improvements in tourism infrastructure to achieve sustainable tourism development.

This study discusses inclusive education in Early Childhood Education from the perspective of Mel Ainscow. Inclusive education is an educational approach that provides equal learning opportunities for all children without discrimination, including those with diverse learning needs. The purpose of this study is to describe the concept of inclusive education according to Mel Ainscow and to analyze its implementation in the development of early childhood education. This research employs a qualitative approach using library research methods. The data were collected from various written sources, including books, scientific journals, research articles, and documents related to inclusive education and early childhood education. Documentation techniques were used for data collection, while the data were analyzed through content analysis. The findings reveal that according to Mel Ainscow, inclusive education is a continuous process aimed at increasing the participation of all learners and reducing barriers to learning within educational environments. In the context of early childhood education, inclusive education can be implemented through flexible learning methods, child-friendly learning environments, and active collaboration between teachers and parents in supporting children’s development. The implementation of inclusive education also contributes positively to children’s social and emotional development, as they learn to respect diversity from an early age. However, several challenges remain, including limited facilities, insufficient teacher competence, and a lack of public understanding regarding inclusive education. Therefore, collaboration among schools, families, and the government is necessary to create an inclusive, equitable, and diversity-respecting early childhood education system.

This study aims to map the trends, integration forms, effectiveness, and contribution of ethnomathematics in elementary school mathematics learning toward national cultural preservation. A systematic literature review (SLR) approach following the PRISMA 2020 protocol was employed. Searches across four academic databases (Scopus, Google Scholar, CrossRef, and Semantic Scholar) yielded 1,176 articles, from which 30 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results indicate that ethnomathematics research in elementary schools has increased significantly during 2023–2026, particularly following the implementation of Kurikulum Merdeka. The three most dominant forms of integration are digital modules and media (53.3%), traditional games (33.3%), and ethnomathematics-based worksheets (13.3%). Geometry and measurement is the most researched mathematics topic (50.0%), and conceptual understanding shows the most significant improvement (40.0%). Beyond improving mathematics achievement, ethnomathematics integration contributes to cultural preservation through cultural contextualization in learning (60.0%), strengthening cultural identity and values (26.7%), and active local cultural preservation (10.0%). The study recommends teacher training, curriculum policy strengthening, cross-sector collaboration, and further research to sustain ethnomathematics implementation in Indonesian elementary schools.

Amidst rising global pressure regarding sustainability and cross-border trade, customs agencies are no longer viewed merely as gatekeepers but as strategic actors in global environmental governance through the Green Customs Initiative (GCI). This research aims to uncover the evolutionary patterns of GCI research within the context of adaptive policy, map its intellectual structure, and identify future thematic directions. The methodology employs a bibliometric analysis of documents sourced from the Web of Science database, utilizing VOSviewer software to perform co-authorship, bibliographic coupling, and co-word analysis.The results demonstrate that the dominance of scientific actors in this field is determined more by the strength of collaboration networks than by the mere volume of publications. The findings identify that the primary intellectual foundations of GCI research rest upon the critical relationship between environmental regulation, international trade, market responses, and eco-innovation. Furthermore, country-level analysis highlights the central roles of China, the United States, and the United Kingdom in shaping the knowledge structure of this domain. Overall, these findings underscore that the GCI has evolved into a multidisciplinary field that requires an adaptive policy framework to respond to the dynamics of ecological risks and global trade demands through institutional flexibility and cross-actor collaboration. By integrating environmental protection into border management and risk assessment, this study provides a strategic reference for customs authorities to move toward a more responsive and knowledge-based green customs administration.

This study aims to examine the development of teachers’ multicultural competence at SMA Ta'miriyah Surabaya. The study employed a qualitative approach using a case study design. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving the principal and teachers as research informants. Data analysis applied the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, which consisted of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings revealed that the development of teachers’ multicultural competence at SMA Ta'miriyah was carried out through three main pathways. First, training programs that implicitly integrated multicultural values into general educational programs, such as the teacher mobilization program. Second, organizational development grounded in Islamic values as the foundation for fostering tolerance and respect for diversity, implemented through curriculum integration, school regulations, teacher role modeling, and collaboration among teachers. Third, career development, which remained primarily focused on academic aspects and had not explicitly incorporated indicators of multicultural competence. Teachers’ multicultural competence at SMA Ta'miriyah was reflected in three main dimensions. In terms of knowledge, teachers acquired understanding through teaching experience, formal education, and training. In terms of attitudes, teachers demonstrated tolerant and inclusive behavior when interacting with students from diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds. In terms of skills, teachers were able to manage classroom diversity harmoniously through adaptive and responsive pedagogical approaches that accommodated students’ differences.

Indonesia’s multicultural diversity poses serious challenges in maintaining social harmony, marked by increasing cases of intolerance driven by differences in ethnicity, religion, and culture. Education, particularly civics (PPKn), plays a strategic role in instilling tolerance values from an early age. This study aims to analyze the strategies used by elementary school teachers in cultivating tolerance attitudes through PPKn  learning, identify the implementation of tolerance values in classroom activities and student social interactions, and reveal the challenges faced by teachers along with effective and contextual learning strategies. This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach based on library research, collecting data from accredited scientific journals published between 2021 and 2025, sourced from databases including google scholar, DOAJ, and sinta- indexed journals. Data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis through stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, with source triangulation appliet to ensure validity. The findings reveal that affective teachers employ a holistic approach encompassing cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains, consistent with Bloom’s revised taxonomy. Teachers serve not only as knowledge transmitters but also as moral role models, as supported by Bandura’s Social Learning Theory. Implementation is carried out through three channels: intracurricular, co-curricular, and extracurricular activities. Key challenges include dominance of cognitive approaches, limited understanding of multicultural education, and negative influencesof social media. This study implies the urgent need for continuous professional training for PPKn teachers, differentiated and inclusive learning design, and active collaboration between schools and families to strengthen the internalization of tolerance values in elementary school students.

This research aims to analyze students' learning climate through the application of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) in mathematics learning in class II of Public Elementary School 002 Palembang. This study used a qualitative descriptive method with the study subjects of grade II students. Data collection techniques are conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis is conducted through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions drawn. Research results show that the application of the PjBL model is able to form a more conducive learning climate, characterized by increased focus, attention, and student involvement in the learning process. In addition, interactions between students are becoming more directed, group collaboration is getting better, and activities that interfere with learning can be minimized. Project-based activities involving kinesthetic activities such as shearing and sticking help students become more active, creative, and easier to understand the concept of right triangles more concretely. Student-centered learning also provides an opportunity for them to learn independently and in groups so that the learning experience becomes more meaningful. Thus, the application of the PjBL model can be an effective learning alternative in creating an active, conducive, and enjoyable learning atmosphere for elementary school mathematics and supporting the achievement of learning goals optimally.

This research was motivated by the importance of public relations management in building cooperation among schools, parents, and communities to support the improvement of educational quality in elementary schools. This study aimed to analyze public relations management in increasing parent and community participation in elementary schools. The research used a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. Data collection techniques were conducted through interviews, observations, and documentation involving the principal, teachers, parents, and community members as informants. Data analysis was carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that public relations management was implemented through direct communication in parent meetings, the use of digital media such as WhatsApp Groups, parental involvement in school activities, and collaboration with the community in supporting educational programs. Parent participation was reflected in mutual cooperation activities, assisting students’ learning, and supporting school programs. The obstacles found included parents’ limited time, low digital literacy among some parents, and the lack of optimal evaluation of school public relations programs. The implications of this study indicate that effective public relations management can increase parent and community involvement in supporting the educational process in elementary schools.

The presence of Generation Z, who grew up entirely in the digital era, has triggered a fundamental transformation in Muslim religious practices, where social media has replaced conventional religious institutions as the primary source of religious information. This condition creates a paradox: Gen Z has become a generation that is highly religious online, yet is often disconnected from physical communities and traditional religious authorities. This study aims to analyze the character of Muslim Gen Z religiosity, identify its forming factors, and examine the impact of the digital era on their religiosity. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach using a library research method. The findings indicate that Muslim Gen Z religiosity is characterized by personalization, flexibility, and digital spirituality, strongly influenced by social media. These characteristics are shaped by massive digital technology accessibility, the effectiveness of contextual Islamic preaching on platforms such as TikTok, as well as spiritual needs and social pressure from the digital environment. The digital era brings positive impacts in the form of increased accessibility and religious literacy, but also negative impacts including shallow religious understanding, vulnerability to information bias, and potential exposure to extreme ideologies. This study implies the importance of an integrated digital religious literacy strategy through critical thinking-based Islamic Religious Education curriculum reform, enhancement of educators' digital capacity, and cross-sector collaboration to strengthen Gen Z's moderate and reflective religious understanding.

Social crimes at the village level require participatory and sustainable prevention approaches. This study aims to analyze the synergy between the Sidoarjo Police Resort through its BINMAS unit and the residents of Waruberong Village in implementing the “4D” anticipation framework (Corruption, Narcotics, Bullying, and Sexual Harassment). A descriptive qualitative method was employed, utilizing data collection through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation analysis of socialization activities and police-community forums. The results indicate that this partnership successfully shifts the security paradigm from a reactive enforcement model toward proactive collaboration grounded in education and early reporting. BINMAS functions effectively as an administrative liaison, coordinating Senkom Mitra Polri, village officials, and residents, thereby standardizing and streamlining report handling processes. The implementation of the 4D framework significantly enhances public legal literacy, strengthens trust in the DUMAS Presisi system, and encourages active community participation in security patrols and awareness campaigns. Although minor administrative challenges, such as limited reporting literacy and fluctuating attendance, were identified, they can be mitigated through structured mentoring. Overall, the 4D-based partnership model proves highly relevant for strengthening participatory security ecosystems at the village level. This study recommends standardizing educational modules, providing continuous administrative training for Senkom members, and integrating digital reporting platforms to ensure the program's long-term sustainability.

The era of globalization presents challenges of moral degradation among students, including intolerance, individualism, and declining nationalism. These issues make character strengthening through Civic Education (PKn) a national priority. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of PKn in shaping students’ character, particularly the values of religiosity, nationalism, independence, mutual cooperation, and integrity. The research employed a qualitative Library research design using secondary data from 18 scientific journals and 2 books published between 2021 and 2026. Data were collected through literature review and analyzed using content and thematic analysis to identify patterns of PKn implementation and its impact. The findings indicate that PKn effectively develops Good citizenship through character education based on Pancasila. Effective strategies include teacher role modeling, Problem-Based Learning (PBL), and digital media such as infographics and gamification. These approaches were reported to improve empathy, national loyalty, and integrity among students. The Merdeka Curriculum further supports character development by emphasizing affective learning through authentic projects. Challenges arising from foreign cultural influences can be addressed through collaboration among schools, families, and communities. The study concludes that PKn plays a significant role in strengthening students’ character and supporting the realization of Golden Indonesia 2045 through sustainable character education.

Game collaboration branding has emerged as a significant marketing strategy influencing player purchasing behavior. This study aims to analyze the influence of collaboration branding, player satisfaction, and emotional attachment on purchase intention among Honkai: Star Rail players. 280 active members of the Pompomfess community on Platform X (Twitter) participated in a quantitative survey that was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEMPLS). The results extend the application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to digital game consumption behavior by showing that collaboration branding, player satisfaction, and emotional attachment significantly increases purchase intention. In addition to offering useful advice for game developers and marketers in creating player-oriented brand collaboration strategies, this study conceptually advances the body of knowledge on digital consumer behavior.

Rapid technological developments and social changes in the disruption era require organizations, including educational institutions, to adapt quickly and innovatively. This article discusses the importance of building psychological safety as a foundation to enhance team innovation and adaptability. Psychological safety is a condition in which team members feel safe to express ideas, ask questions, and share opinions without fear of negative consequences. The study employs a qualitative literature review method; analyzing various scientific sources related to psychological safety, leadership, and organizational management. Findings indicate that supportive and inclusive leadership plays a crucial role in fostering a psychologically safe environment, which in turn promotes open communication; effective collaboration, and innovative behavior. Developing psychological safety enhances intrinsic motivation, job engagement, and learning agility; enabling teams to respond effectively to rapid organizational changes. This research implies that organizations should prioritize psychological safety to strengthen team performance and sustainability in the dynamic disruption era.

The pollution of the Ciliwung River caused by urban and commercial activities has become an increasingly critical environmental issue, reflecting the weak effectiveness of environmental law enforcement in urban areas. This condition is evident in the area surrounding Seasons City Mall, where ecological pressure resulting from domestic waste and commercial activities has contributed to the deterioration of river water quality. This study aims to analyze the implementation of environmental law enforcement, identify the obstacles to controlling pollution in the Ciliwung River, and formulate strategies for optimizing sustainable environmental protection. The research employs a qualitative approach using normative juridical and empirical methods through observation, interviews, documentation, and literature review. The findings reveal that environmental law enforcement has been implemented through administrative supervision and waste control mechanisms; however, its effectiveness remains limited due to weak inter-agency coordination, inadequate monitoring capacity, low compliance among business actors, and limited public participation. This study concludes that strengthening integrated supervision, enforcing consistent legal sanctions, and enhancing collaboration among government institutions, business sectors, and communities are essential to achieving sustainable pollution control and environmental protection of the Ciliwung River.