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Cocoa farming is one of the plantation subsectors that plays a strategic role in Indonesia’s economy, as it contributes to increasing farmers’ income, national exports, and the development of the chocolate processing industry. Indonesia is recognized as one of the world’s largest cocoa producers, with major production areas located in Sulawesi, particularly South Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi, and Southeast Sulawesi. However, the sustainability of cocoa farming still faces various challenges, such as low crop productivity, the use of low-quality seedlings, suboptimal cultivation techniques, and the presence of pests and plant diseases. In addition, limited access to capital and the low level of farmers’ financial management skills also affect the sustainability of cocoa farming. Many farmers do not yet have proper farm financial record-keeping systems, making it difficult to manage production costs, cash flow, and farm capital planning. In this context, financial literacy becomes an important factor that can help farmers manage their farming activities more effectively and sustainably. This study aims to analyze the effect of financial literacy on the sustainability of cocoa farming and farmers’ welfare. The research employs a quantitative approach using a survey method involving 120 cocoa farmers in Sidenreng Rappang Regency (Sidrap), South Sulawesi. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews and then analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicate that financial literacy has a positive and significant effect on farm financial management and the sustainability of agricultural businesses. Farmers with higher levels of financial literacy tend to manage farm capital more effectively, maintain proper financial records, and improve farm productivity. Therefore, improving financial literacy can become

This study examines the role of the church in building congregational social solidarity through a dialogue between Émile Durkheim’s sociology of religion and Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s theology of community. It responds to the tendency to reduce congregational solidarity to worship attendance, programmatic activity, or occasional charity, whereas genuine solidarity requires relational formation, trust, shared responsibility, and public witness. Using library research and conceptual-theological analysis, the study engages classical works and recent scholarship on religion, social capital, congregational cohesion, and ecclesial community. The findings show that the church functions as a relational infrastructure that forms belonging and participation, yet such solidarity remains ambivalent when it is not theologically corrected. Durkheim clarifies the social power of ritual and collective consciousness, while Bonhoeffer insists that ecclesial solidarity must be grounded in Christ, forgiveness, service, and life for others. The study concludes that a healthy church is not merely cohesive, but transforms internal cohesion into restorative public witness within fragmented plural societies, where Christian community must become critical, open, transformative, and contextually accountable to vulnerable persons and the wider public as gospel praxis.  

This study examines the influence of financial factors on the capital structure of basic chemical manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2019 to 2023. The sample selection method used is purposive sampling, with specific criteria resulting in a sample of 51 companies and a total of 255 data points. After data processing, 80 outliers were identified, reducing the final sample to 175 company data points. This research adopts a quantitative approach, utilizing multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS version 25. The findings reveal that profitability, asset structure, company size, and business risk have a significant impact on capital structure. In contrast, sales growth and dividend policy do not show a significant contribution to capital structure. Based on these findings, it is recommended that companies in the basic chemical manufacturing sector focus on improving profitability, optimizing asset structure, and managing business risks effectively to strengthen their capital structure. Additionally, company size should be considered when making financing decisions. Since sales growth and dividend policy were not significant factors, firms might prioritize internal financial management and risk control over aggressive sales expansion or dividend adjustments when aiming to optimize their capital structure. Future research could explore other potential factors or use alternative methodologies to deepen understanding in this area.

This study aims to identify the types of products or creative works produced by Indonesia’s golden generation in the context of developing a talent-based creative economy in the digital era. A talent-based economy refers to an economic model that leverages individual skills, creativity, and innovation as the main capital for generating economic value. Using a literature review approach, this research analyzes the implementation of a talent- driven creative economy, particularly how the youth especially Gen Z and millennials produce various digital outputs such as illustrations, animations, educational applications, video content, NFTs, and social media-based e-commerce products. This implementation reflects the integration of individual creativity with digital technology utilization, aligning with core 21st-century skills such as critical thinking, collaboration, communication, and digital literacy. The findings reveal that the creative economy contributes not only to cultural and artistic sectors but also to real economic sectors such as digital MSMEs, content industries, educational technology (edutech), and the broader digital economy. These insights show that with the support of digital infrastructure, technological literacy, and affirmative policies, the golden generation can foster innovation with economic value while enhancing national competitiveness amid global transformation toward Indonesia Emas 2045.

The 2024 simultaneous regional elections reaffirm the persistent underrepresentation of women in local politics, despite a gradual rise in female political participation. Amid the dominance of patriarchal political structures, the victory of Dilla Hich as Regent of Tanjung Jabung Timur emerges as a significant phenomenon that reflects a shift in local electoral dynamics while opening broader opportunities for women’s political representation. This study aims to analyze the political strategies employed by Dilla Hich and examine how her identity and social positioning as a woman contributed to her electoral success. Using a qualitative approach with a case study method, data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation from official sources. The findings indicate that Dilla Hich’s success was not solely rooted in her social capital and extensive political networks but also in the adaptive combination of offensive and defensive political strategies she implemented. Offensive strategies were reflected in the expansion of new voter bases and the strengthening of her personal image, while defensive strategies focused on maintaining loyal supporters and consolidating internal networks. Additionally, the strategic use of gender identity enhanced public acceptance of her leadership. This study concludes that Dilla Hich’s victory demonstrates how structured, inclusive, and adaptive political strategies can challenge patriarchal dominance and create greater opportunities for women in local electoral politics.

This study aims to analyze the effect of capital intensity, leverage, and company size on tax avoidance in property and real estate sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2019–2023 period. The research method used is an associative quantitative approach with secondary data obtained from corporate financial reports. The sample was selected using purposive sampling technique, resulting in 4 companies that met the criteria. The multiple linear regression analysis shows that partially, capital intensity and leverage have a significant positive effect on tax avoidance, while company size has a significant negative effect. Simultaneously, the three variables have a significant influence on tax avoidance. This study implies that companies should consider fixed asset investment strategies, financing structure, and firm size in managing their tax obligations efficiently and legally.

This article raises the academic issue of the low contribution of education quality to economic development in several developing countries, including Indonesia. This problem arises due to limited investment in developing quality human resources. Education plays a strategic role in shaping the intellectual capacity, skills, and productivity of the workforce, which are the foundation of sustainable economic growth. The purpose of this study is to analyze the urgency of education in supporting economic development through the perspective of Human Capital Theory, which emphasizes the importance of investing in people as a primary development asset. This study uses a desk study method by reviewing various academic literature, previous research results, and reports from international institutions regarding the relationship between education and economic growth. The results show that education plays a crucial role in driving economic and social development through the development of competent human resources. Based on human capital theory, investment in education can improve individual capabilities and societal welfare. Developed countries such as Finland, Japan, and Singapore have successfully demonstrated that large budget allocations to the education sector can sustainably increase economic productivity. However, developing countries and Muslim countries still face obstacles such as unequal access, limited facilities, and low teaching quality. Meanwhile, education in Muslim countries needs to be strengthened through curriculum reform and improved teaching quality to produce a skilled and globally competitive generation.

This study aims to analyse the significance of digital services, capital structure and growth opportunities on the financial performance of banks. The population of interest in this study comprises digital banks registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK) between 2021 and 2023. The sample comprises 12 banks, selected using a non-probability sampling technique and a purposive sampling method. This is a quantitative study, with secondary data sourced from financial and annual banking reports. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics version 24 computer program. The results of this study indicate that digital services have no significant effect on the financial performance of banks, while capital aspect and growth opportunities have a negative and significant effect on the financial performance of banks.

This study aims to analyze the influence of profitability as proxied by Return on Equity (ROE), solvency as proxied by Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and liquidity as proxied by Current Ratio (CR) on firm value as proxied by Price to Book Value (PBV) in the Indonesian food and beverage sector. The study focuses on the 2019-2023 period, a timeframe uniquely defined by the economic disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic and its initial recovery phase. The research method employed is a quantitative approach using multiple linear regression analysis. The sample consists of 10 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), selected through a purposive sampling technique, resulting in 50 firm-year observations. The results indicate that both partially and simultaneously, the variables of profitability, solvency, and liquidity have a significant positive influence on firm value. This finding suggests that during a period of systemic crisis, the capital market places a valuation premium on companies that can demonstrate holistic and comprehensive signals of financial health. The novelty of this research lies in its contextualization of the dynamic role of financial ratios as crucial signals amidst an unprecedented economic shock. This study provides an empirical explanation for why investors prioritized stability and resilience, thereby reconciling conflicting findings in prior literature regarding the impact of liquidity on firm value.

The purpose of this research is to analyze and find out how the company's growth, capital structure and company size affect stock prices in sub-sector, ceramics, porcelain and glass companies listed on the IDX for the 2018-2023 period. This research is an associative quantitative research using secondary data taken from the company's annual financial statements. The sampling technique in this study uses purposive sampling. In this study, 48 samples were obtained for 6 years (20182023). The analysis tool used in the regression analysis of panel data was conducted using E-views 13. Based on the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the company's growth partially has a significant effect on the stock price, the company's capital structure and size partially do not have a significant effect on the stock price. Then  the company's growth, capital structure and company size simultaneously have a significant effect on the stock price of companies in the ceramics, porcelain and glass sub-sector listed on the IDX for the 2018-2023 period.

This study discusses the qardh contract from a classical perspective and discusses the transformation of the practice of Sharia digital lending that is developing in the fintech era. Qardh is one type of approach to pious to Allah and is a type of mu'amalah that is characterized by assistance (ta'awun) to another party to meet their needs. In classical fiqh, Qardh is a loan contract with the condition that the borrowed and repaid are exactly the same and are returned at a time mutually agreed upon at the time of the contract without any excess when returning it. However, the development of financial technology has presented a capital for digital lending services in accordance with the concept of Sharia. This study aims to analyze the differences between the qardh contract in classical and contemporary fiqh, including its implementation in a contract in accordance with Sharia principles. The results of the study indicate that Sharia digital lending can use the qardh contract as a legal basis, but must still implement it with the principle of qardh hasan, namely avoiding elements of usury and gharar, and adapting to modern regulations. The form of the qardh contract in digital sharia lending products illustrates contemporary fiqh efforts in responding to the lives of modern society.

Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) are regulated in Article 1 Paragraph (6) of the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 39 of 2010, which states that BUMDes is a business formed by the village government with its ownership and management involving the village government and the community. BUMDesa Kareka Nduku, although it functions as a village economic empowerment institution, faces a number of challenges in its operations. Some of the main problems faced are difficulties in recording agricultural assets and tools, as well as the insynchronization between stock records in warehouses and records in the treasurer, which leads to frequent shortages of fertilizer and insecticide stocks. In addition, the manual recording process for capital and business loans causes the creation of monthly reports to take a long time, even more than an hour, and there are often errors because officers have to check daily reports from various fields. This resulted in delays in making reports that should have been submitted by the BUMDes.

Thisl study aims lto determine lthe health llevel of lPT. Bank lSyariah Indonesia (lBSI) Tbk inl 2021-2024. The assessmentl indicators usedl in lthis study lare Capital, lAsset Quality, lManagement, Earning, andl Liquidity lor abbreviated las CAMEL. Thel Camel methodl is one of the factors lthat greatly ldetermines the healthl of la bank. Thisl study wasl conducted withl a lquantitative descriptive lapproach, namely usingl secondary ldata obtained lfrom library sources such as academic journals, government publications and annual lfinancial reports published lon the lcompany's officiall website, lby analyzing lthe CAR, lNPF, PDN, lROA, ROE, lBOPO, NI, land FDR lratios. The resultsl of thel study lshowed that lthe CAR lratio for the 2021-2024 periodl was given the predicatel "very lhealthy". The lNPF ratio lfor the 2021-2023l period was given thel predicate "lhealthy", whilel in 2024 lit was lgiven the lpredicate "veryl healthy". lThe PDN ratiol for thel 2021-2024 period lwas given lthe predicate "quite lhealthy". The ROAl ratio lin 2021-2024 was givenl the lpredicate "very healthy". lThe ROE lratio in 2021-2024 lwas given lthe predicate "lhealthy". The BOPO ratio in 2021-2024 lwas given lthe predicate "veryl lhealthy". The lNI ratio lin 2021-2024 lwas given lthe predicate "lhealthy". The lFDR ratio lin 2021 was lgiven the lpredicate "very lhealthy". However, inl 2022-2024 itl decreased and was givenl the lpredicate "healthy". lThe findings show lthat based lon these lindicators, the performance of Bank Syariahl Indonesial lTbkl in 2021-2024 was on average in the "very healthy" category, which indicates goodl financial health laccording to lthe overall lassessment.

Effective management of fixed assets plays a crucial role in maintaining the reliability and transparency of a company’s financial reporting. Errors in the capitalization process can lead to misstatements in financial statements and affect investment decisions. This study aims to analyze and forecast asset capitalization trends using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. The research utilizes monthly recap data of asset capitalization recorded during the Settlement to Fixed Asset process from January 2021 to August 2025. The data were processed through several stages, including stationarity testing, model identification, parameter estimation, and model accuracy evaluation. The findings indicate that the data are stationary without differencing (d = 0). From several candidate models, ARIMA(0,0,3) was identified as the best model based on the lowest AIC value of 39.76. The selected model was then applied to predict asset capitalization values for the next ten periods, resulting in forecasts ranging from 1.12 to 1.56 trillion rupiah. Model evaluation showed a MAPE of 29.01%, which implies a moderate forecasting accuracy. Consequently, the ARIMA model can be considered a suitable analytical tool for monitoring and forecasting asset capitalization quantitatively.

This study aims to analyze the role of inventory management in improving financial efficiency at CV. Sumber Jaya Putra Perkasa. The main problems faced by the company are manual inventory management, technological limitations, dependence on certain suppliers, and suboptimal demand planning, which affect distribution effectiveness and financial efficiency. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The analysis was conducted on the stock management process, inventory turnover, and its impact on storage costs and operational efficiency. The results show that good inventory management contributes significantly to increased financial efficiency. With proper stock planning, companies can minimize the risk of excess and shortage of goods, reduce storage costs (holding costs), and increase inventory turnover so that working capital can circulate more quickly. However, the inventory management system currently used by CV. Sumber Jaya Putra Perkasa still has limitations, especially in terms of digitization and information integration. This study recommends the implementation of a technology-based inventory management system, a multi-supplier strategy, and the application of demand forecasting methods to improve stock planning accuracy. With this strategy, it is hoped that the company can achieve more optimal financial efficiency and strengthen its competitiveness in the distribution industry.

Intellectual capital represents information that reflects the quality of human resources and the knowledge assets owned by a business unit. This study aims to examine the influence of intellectual capital on business performance in creative sector MSMEs, specifically in the fashion and beauty industries in Surabaya. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to business owners to capture their understanding of the components of intellectual capital and its impact on business performance. The study employs a quantitative method with a correlational approach to analyze the relationships between variables. The results of significance tests indicate that intellectual capital overall has a notable impact on business performance. Specifically, Human Capital, Structural Capital, Relational Capital, Technological Capital, and Business Capital exert a positive influence, demonstrating that the quality of human resources, organizational structure, business relationships, technology utilization, and business assets are key factors in improving MSME performance. Conversely, Customer Capital shows a negative influence, highlighting the need for more effective strategies in managing and leveraging customer-related resources. These findings confirm that intellectual capital significantly affects the performance of creative sector MSMEs, suggesting that proper management and development of each component of intellectual capital is essential for enhancing competitiveness, sustaining growth, and ensuring the long-term success of small and medium enterprises.

This study aims to analyze community perceptions of the application of legal and economic principles of food security in Rias Village, Toboali District. Food security is a crucial issue because it is directly related to survival, welfare, and regional economic stability. However, the community's understanding of food security is often limited to food availability, without considering its relationship with legislation and the dynamics of the village economy. The research method used was qualitative with a descriptive approach that included in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation of the local community. The results of the study show that the people of Rias Village have a positive perception of the importance of food security, especially from an economic perspective, such as market access, food prices, and business capital. However, understanding of legal aspects is still limited, especially regarding government and local regulations that should protect the community's right to access food. This perception confirms that the successful implementation of food security principles in Rias Village is influenced by legal policies that favor the community and economic strategies that encourage local food self-sufficiency.

The industrial sector plays a crucial role in driving Indonesia’s economic growth, yet it also faces challenges in optimizing capital structure and shareholder value. One key financial policy that reflects managerial decisions and investor perceptions is the dividend payout ratio, which may influence a firm’s cost of equity. This study aims to examine the effect of the dividend payout ratio on the cost of equity among industrial sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020–2023 period. The research problem arises from inconsistent empirical evidence regarding whether higher dividend payments reduce or increase the cost of equity. Using a quantitative approach, secondary data were collected from annual financial reports, and samples were selected through purposive sampling, yielding 162 valid observations. Linear regression analysis was performed using EViews 13 software. The findings reveal a negative and statistically significant relationship between the dividend payout ratio and the cost of equity. The study concludes that higher dividend payouts can lower firms’ cost of equity, supporting the signaling theory.

This study aims to analyze the role of Human Capital Management in enhancing the operational activities of the MSME Wizzmie in Medan, serving as an example of human resource management practices in small-scale enterprises. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis of HR practices within the MSME. The findings indicate that human resource strategies such as selective recruitment, routine training to improve employee competencies, structured task allocation, and performance-based reward systems significantly enhance employee discipline, skills, and service quality. Improvements in these areas contribute positively to smooth daily operations, customer satisfaction, and sales growth. Despite facing challenges, such as occasional lapses in employee discipline, management implements solutions including coaching programs, direct guidance, and a graduated warning system to address these issues. These results underscore that Human Capital Management is not merely an administrative function but plays a strategic role in fostering work efficiency, customer loyalty, and the sustainability of MSMEs. Consequently, effective human resource management emerges as a crucial factor for the success and competitiveness of small enterprises in a highly competitive business environment. The study highlights the importance of aligning HR practices with strategic business objectives to ensure long-term operational effectiveness and growth.

The Sustainable Food Yard Program (P2L) has great potential in improving food security and women's empowerment, but there are still gaps related to the effectiveness of the program in areas with certain geographical and social characteristics such as Kalolok Village, therefore this study is expected to provide theoretical contributions in the development of community-based empowerment models as well as practical contributions for village governments and stakeholders in designing sustainable empowerment strategies. This study uses the SWOT Analysis Method (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats Analysis). SWOT is used to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the empowerment strategy applied to the Women Farmers Group (KWT) in the Context of the P2L Program in Batupapan Village. The results of the study using SWOT analysis The results of the IFAS analysis (2.67) and EFAS (2.57) indicate that the position of KWT Kalolok is in Quadrant I (Aggressive Strategy). This means that the group possesses significant internal strength and is supported by significant external opportunities. Therefore, development strategies need to focus on cultivation expansion, commodity diversification, technological innovation, marketing strengthening, and institutional development and internal capital. Therefore, developing cultivation innovations such as vertical farming/hydroponics is necessary to maximize limited land and providing intensive mentoring to assist in marketing produce through villages, village-owned enterprises (BUMDes), and local MSME networks.