Publication Search

Contract law recognizes the concept of force majeure as a mechanism to address extraordinary circumstances that hinder the performance of obligations, namely unforeseen events beyond the debtor’s control that may result in the release or suspension of obligations. However, this concept has limitations, as it does not encompass situations such as economic or monetary crises. In the development of international contract law, the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts 2016 (UPICC) introduce the concept of hardship as a response to fundamental changes in circumstances that affect the economic equilibrium of the parties. Although hardship has not been explicitly recognized in Indonesian law, it is considered more relevant for addressing such conditions.This study aims to examine the historical development of the concept of hardship and to analyze the implementation of its underlying values in Indonesian legal practice. The method employed is normative legal research, utilizing primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The findings indicate that, despite the absence of explicit regulation within the national legal system, the values of hardship have been reflected in several court decisions through approaches grounded in fairness and contractual adjustment.The implication of this study is that the concept of hardship has the potential to be explicitly adopted into Indonesian contract law in order to fill existing legal gaps and provide a more adaptive solution to changing circumstances, particularly in addressing economic or monetary crises that fall outside the scope of the force majeure regime

This study aims to identify and analyze the application of Pancasila values in the development of Indonesian tourism as a foundation for ethics and character. The method used is library research, reviewing various relevant written sources, including books, journals, articles, and other academic publications. The findings indicate that globalization exerts both positive and negative influences on Indonesian tourism, while simultaneously opening opportunities for the advancement of more ethical and responsible tourism practices. The integration of Pancasila values within the tourism sector such as mutual cooperation, environmental stewardship, social justice, and respect for cultural diversity can foster sustainable tourism development that balances economic growth with moral responsibility. Furthermore, these values contribute to strengthening national identity, preserving local wisdom, and enhancing community participation in tourism activities. The study also highlights that tourism grounded in Pancasila principles can improve social welfare by empowering local communities and promoting inclusive development. In conclusion, the application of Pancasila principles in tourism development is essential for maintaining a balance between economic progress and socio-cultural preservation, while reinforcing national character and resilience in the face of globalization and rapid global change.

This study aims to formulate an integrated Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning strategy that synthesizes the acculturation of Islam Nusantara and ecological ethics as a response to the fragmented character of conventional PAI learning which has not yet optimally integrated local cultural values and ecological awareness. This research employs a qualitative library research method with a systematic literature review approach, analyzing 28 primary sources selected from 67 identified literature published between 2019 and 2025. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis through six stages: familiarization, initial coding, theme searching, theme reviewing, theme defining, and report writing. The findings reveal that Islam Nusantara contains three relevant pedagogical principles cultural humility (tawadu' budaya), cosmological inclusivity, and peaceful transformation while Islamic teachings hold rich ecotheological dimensions through the concepts of ecological tauhid, khalifah fi al-ardh, amanah, and rahmatan lil 'alamin. Based on this synthesis, four integrated learning strategies are formulated: Contextual-Cultural Learning, Eco-Thematic Quranic Interpretation, Community-Based Ecological Projects, and Ecological Spiritual Reflection. This study proposes a new conceptual framework termed "PAI Nusantara-Ekologis," which positions students not merely as ritually devout individuals but as responsible stewards (khalifah) of the earth.

The premium healthcare industry in urban areas is experiencing increasing competition along with the increase in healthcare facilities and the increasing public demand for fast, comfortable, and quality medical services. In this context, Columbia Asia Pulomas Hospital is implementing an expansion strategy by increasing facility capacity, modernizing services, and adding a Center of Excellence (COE) as a service differentiation. This study aims to analyze customer retention strategies within the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) framework, focusing on the relationship between customer perspectives, internal processes, learning and growth, and their application to the financial perspective. The research method uses a document-based policy and strategy analysis approach, field findings, and a synthesis of Balanced Scorecard theory and patient experience.The analysis shows that customer retention during the expansion phase is influenced not only by clinical quality, but also by the assurance of doctor time in practice, speed of service, physical comfort, and digitization of queues and administration. The addition of a COE has been shown to increase the perception of service value and expand market share through service specialist differentiation. Within the BSC framework, the customer perspective serves as a leading indicator for achieving the financial perspective, where increased patient retention contributes to increased revenue, ROI growth, and long-term financial expectations. The research implications emphasize that strategies for strengthening human resources, modernizing internal processes, and service innovation are important foundations in ensuring successful hospital expansion and enhancing competitive advantage.

The global ecological crisis is not only a scientific issue but also reflects the decline of human moral and spiritual awareness toward nature. This study aims to examine the acculturation approach of Islam Nusantara in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning as an effort to foster students’ ecological awareness. The research employed a qualitative library research method using various relevant sources, including books, national and international journal articles, and educational policy documents. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, thematic presentation, and interpretive-analytical conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that Islam Nusantara, as a product of the acculturation between universal Islamic values and local Nusantara wisdom, contains various ecological traditions such as sasi, subak, and hutan larangan (forbidden forests), which can be contextually integrated into PAI learning. The developed learning model includes the use of local wisdom as learning resources, participatory project-based learning methods, and thematic Qur’anic interpretation related to environmental issues. The ecotheological approach of Islam Nusantara is considered effective in connecting religious teachings with students’ ecological realities, thereby fostering a religious-ecological character that views environmental preservation as part of worship. Although challenges remain in theological, pedagogical, and institutional aspects, this approach contributes strategically to shaping environmentally responsible Muslim generations.

Public facility cleanliness is a reflection of cultural values and collective social responsibility. Bus stops, as daily transit points for thousands of commuters, often face declining cleanliness due to limited user participation and management. This community service program was conducted on April 22, 2026, at RSAL Bus Stop, Surabaya, Indonesia, with one researcher as the sole implementer. The objectives were to improve physical cleanliness, provide environmental education, and enhance aesthetics through greening. The method consisted of three activities: installing cleanliness reminder posters, cleaning the bus stop area, and adding ornamental plants in flower pots. Evaluation employed qualitative descriptive techniques, including observation, photographic documentation, and informal interviews. Findings revealed that the bus stop floor, initially littered with plastic waste, cigarette butts, and dry leaves, became clean after sweeping. Posters were successfully placed in visible positions, and three flower pots containing Sansevieria trifasciata and Epipremnum aureum created a fresher atmosphere. Users responded positively, noting improved comfort and cleanliness. The synthesis indicates that simple interventions by a single individual can generate meaningful improvements when combining physical cleaning, visual education, and greening. This initiative demonstrates that small-scale university-led social responsibility programs can serve as replicable models for sustainable public facility management.

The digestive system is one of the most abstract and complex topics in high school biology because it involves physiological processes that occur inside the body and cannot be observed directly. This situation calls for the use of instructional media that can help students understand concepts in a more concrete, systematic, and engaging way. This study aims to analyze the effect of interactive multimedia on student learning outcomes regarding the digestive system and to identify the most effective type of multimedia. This study employs a meta-analysis method using secondary data from 20 relevant scientific articles published between 2021 and 2026. Data were collected through a literature review and systematic review, then analyzed using effect size calculations with Cohen’s and Hedges’ g formulas to determine the effectiveness level of each medium. The results indicate that the use of interactive multimedia generally has a positive effect on student learning outcomes, with most media falling into the high to very high effect size category. Interactive multimedia based on Articulate Storyline was the most effective medium with the highest effect size value of 2.730, followed by Augmented Reality-based E-Magazine at 2.634. These findings indicate that interactive multimedia is effective in facilitating the visualization of concepts and increasing student engagement.  

This study examines the effect of capital structure, dividend policy, and firm size on firm value at PT Adhi Karya (Persero) Tbk during the period 2014–2024. The company’s firm value has shown fluctuations and a declining trend despite an increase in total assets, indicating a mismatch between asset growth and market perception. This study aims to analyze the influence of internal financial factors on firm value, both partially and simultaneously. A quantitative approach is employed using secondary data obtained from the company’s annual financial statements. Capital structure is measured using the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), dividend policy using the Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR), firm size using the natural logarithm of total assets, and firm value using Tobin’s Q. Data are analyzed using multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS, supported by classical assumption tests, t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination (R²). The results show that partially, capital structure and dividend policy do not have a significant effect on firm value, while firm size has a significant effect. Simultaneously, all independent variables have a significant effect on firm value. The findings indicate that firm size plays a dominant role, while other factors may also influence firm value beyond the model.

This study aims to analyze the role of liturgical inculturation in shaping the faith experience of the congregation through the practice of Inculturated Mass at St. Klemens Mandonga Parish. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach combined with literature review and a survey involving 96 parish respondents. The findings indicate that most parishioners perceive inculturation as an encounter between Catholic faith and local culture that helps them experience their faith in a more contextual and meaningful way in everyday life. The practice of the Inculturated Mass is considered not only to enrich liturgical celebrations through the use of local cultural elements, but also to encourage active participation among the faithful during worship. In addition, liturgical inculturation fosters awareness of the importance of preserving local culture in harmony with Christian values. Such contextual liturgical experiences help deepen the spiritual relationship between the faithful and God, strengthen brotherhood within the community, and build a more inclusive and harmonious communal identity. Therefore, liturgical inculturation plays an important role in shaping a more vibrant, profound, and contextual experience of faith within both the Church and society.

Analysis of the business situation experienced by PT Spectrum Lintas Service indicates that the achievement of success in obtaining large-scale project contracts is greatly influenced by the technical image and confidence given by clients. This study aims to investigate the impact of Improving Technical Qualifications, Customer Relationship Management, and Procedural Governance Quality on the Achievement of Competitive Advantage at PT Spectrum Lintas Service. The study population consisted of a total of 141 customers. The data analysis approach used was the SPSS tool to test the research hypothesis through t-test and F-test. The results of the F-test showed a significance probability value of 0.000 smaller than 0.05. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that improving technical qualifications, customer relationship management, and procedural governance quality significantly contribute to the competitive advantage of PT. Spectrum Lintas Service. Improving technical qualifications has a negative but not substantial impact on competitive advantage, with a significance value of 0.110 greater than 0.05. Customer relationship management has an impact on competitive advantage with a significance value of 0.00, which is smaller than 0.05. The quality of the procedural system has a significant influence on competitive advantage.

The development of digital technology has positioned video games beyond mere entertainment to become a cultural medium with the potential to influence players' social and political perspectives. In this context, video games are seen as relevant as a medium for political socialization because they present interactive narratives, moral choices, and social simulations that allow players to directly experience dilemmas of power, justice, responsibility, and state-citizen relations. This article aims to analyze the potential of video games as a medium for political socialization, examine narrative elements that influence the formation of political awareness, and examine the possibility of integrating the Indonesian socio-cultural context into game narratives. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature review design through a search of various literature sources. The results indicate that video games can serve as a medium for informal political socialization through participatory experiences, moral reflection, and the immersive internalization of political values. This potential will be further enhanced by incorporating local Indonesian contexts, such as mutual cooperation (gotong royong), diversity, and social justice. This study confirms that video games are worthy of being positioned as an educational-cultural medium that can expand political education models in the digital era.  

The coffee shop industry in Indonesia is experiencing rapid growth that requires business owners to optimize data-driven strategies. This study aims to analyze customer preferences at Semanis Coffee and Resto using data mining methods  to support more effective business decision-making. The method used is Market Basket Analysis with the FP-Growth algorithm for association rule mining and the K-Means algorithm for customer segmentation. The research data consists of 672 sales transactions during the March-May 2025 period. The results of the association analysis with a minimum support of 0.004 and a minimum confidence of 0.2 resulted in five valid rules with a lift ratio above 1. The strongest rule is the combination of Americano→Milk Choco with a confidence of 42.9% and an elevator ratio of 5.229, indicating a strong linkage between products. The most popular products are Milk Choco (10.8%) and Americano (8.5%). Customer segmentation analysis identified three clusters: Cluster 0 (Loyal Customers) 80% with high frequency but low transaction value; Cluster 1 (Occasional Customers) 10% with low activity; and Cluster 2 (Large Buyers) 10% with high transaction value but low frequency. This study concludes that product bundling strategies, loyalty programs, reactivation campaigns, and premium services can be applied to increase the effectiveness of coffee shop businesses.

The evaluation of haul road geometry at PT Trubaindo Coal Mining was conducted to ensure that the haul road from the stockroom to the jetty meets applicable technical standards, thereby supporting the smoothness, safety, and efficiency of coal transportation activities. This study aims to analyze the conformity of haul road geometric parameters, including straight road width, curve width, curve radius, cross slope, longitudinal grade, and superelevation, based on the standards of AASHTO 7th Edition and Kepmen 1827 of 2018. The research method employed field measurements using a Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS), followed by data processing using Maptek and Surpac software. The obtained data were then compared with the applicable standards to determine the level of conformity of the haul road geometry. Based on field measurements, the average values obtained were 14.99 m for straight road width, 18.45 m for curve width, 0.22 m for cross slope, 6.97% for grade, 223.51 m for curve radius, and 1.40 m for superelevation. Furthermore, based on calculations and analysis referring to AASHTO 7th Edition and Kepmen 1827 of 2018, and considering the largest haulage equipment used (Volvo FMX 480), the ideal haul road geometry values were determined as follows: 13 m for straight road width, 17 m for curve width, 124 m for curve radius, 0.26 m for cross slope, 1 m for superelevation, and 6% for grade based on PT Trubaindo Coal Mining standards.

The provision of herbal-based complementary feeding (MP-ASI) has several positive impacts, including improving mothers’ understanding and skills in preparing complementary foods from local food ingredients in accordance with local customs and socio-cultural practices, thereby enabling mothers to independently continue providing local complementary feeding. This study aimed to determine the effect of training on the preparation of herbal-based complementary feeding for mothers of children under three years old on their knowledge and skills in preparing complementary feeding. This study employed a quasi-experimental research design and was conducted at Kanda Public Health Center. The population consisted of all mothers with children under three years old in the working area of Kanda Public Health Center, totaling 245 mothers. The sample size in this study was 35 respondents. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant difference in mothers’ knowledge before and after the training on complementary feeding preparation, with a significance value of 0.000.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between caffeine consumption and sleep duration on VO₂Max levels among soccer school (SSB) students in Surabaya. VO₂Max is a key indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness and athletic performance. This research employed a quantitative cross-sectional design with an analytical observational approach. A total of 162 SSB students were included as research participants from several soccer schools in Surabaya. Data were collected using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to assess caffeine intake and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to evaluate sleep duration, and were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results revealed a significant relationship between caffeine consumption and sleep duration with VO₂Max (p<0.001). Students with higher caffeine consumption (≥3.5) and adequate sleep duration (≥7 hours) tended to have better VO₂Max values compared to those with lower caffeine intake and insufficient sleep. These findings indicate that appropriate caffeine consumption and adequate sleep duration play an important role in improving cardiorespiratory fitness. Therefore, proper education on healthy lifestyle habits is essential to optimize the performance of young athletes.

Burnout among nurses is a serious problem that can reduce the quality of nursing services and the well being of nurses. Work motivation and self efficacy are psychological factors that play an important role in reducing burnout. The aim is to minimize the occurrence of burnout among nurses in their performance.The purpose of this study is to determine the significance of the relationship between work motivation and self efficacy with the level of burnout among nurses. This research is quantitative in nature with a cross-sectional approach. Data collection was conducted using questionnaires administered to 98 respondents from the total population. The instruments used included a work motivation questionnaire (ERG), a general self-efficacy scale (GSES), and a Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The data collected was processed using Spearman's test and ordinal logistic regression. Results researchers found that respondents who reported high work motivation numbered 89 respondents with a percentage of (90.8%), self-efficacy among nurses also showed a high category in 90 respondents with a percentage of (91.8%), and the majority of burnout levels were in the low category range of 65 respondents with a percentage of (66.4). Statistical tests showed a relationship between work motivation and burnout levels with a p-value of 0.000 (a = -0.358), and showed that there was a relationship between self-efficacy and burnout levels with a p-value of 0.013 (a = -0.250). Furthermore, multivariate statistics found that work motivation was the dominant factor influencing burnout with a p-value of 0.012 (E = -2.030). Conclusion there is a significant relationship between work motivation and self-efficacy with the level of burnout among nurses. Nurses with high work motivation and self-efficacy tend to have lower levels of burnout. Work motivation is a dominant factor in influencing burnout.

According to the International Agency for Cancer Registry (IACR), breast cancer is the most common cancer among women after lung cancer, and continues to be frequently diagnosed worldwide. In 2022, more than 2.32 million new cases of breast cancer were reported globally, while Indonesia recorded 65,858 cases (16.6% of all cancers). Therefore, adolescent girls need to have adequate knowledge and a positive attitude toward breast self-examination (BSE/SADARI) as part of reproductive health awareness and preventive efforts. This study aims to examine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes regarding SADARI among 10th-grade female students at MAN (State Islamic Senior High School) 3 Sleman. This study employed a quantitative correlational approach with a cross-sectional design, involving a sample of 66 respondents. Data were collected using a questionnaire containing questions related to BSE. The Spearman Rank test showed a p-value of 0.606, which is greater than 0.05 (p > 0.05). This indicates that there is no significant relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes toward BSE among 10th-grade female students at MAN 3 Sleman. In addition, the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.065, indicating a very weak relationship between knowledge and attitudes. There is no significant relationship between knowledge and attitudes regarding BSE among 10th-grade female students at MAN 3 Sleman. Schools and healthcare providers are encouraged to enhance structured and continuous BSE education and incorporate educational media during health counseling to foster positive attitudes.

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) in the upper trapezius muscle is one of the disorders commonly found in the neck area, characterized by myofascial trigger points (MTrP) in taut bands or tight muscle bands. Kinesio taping (KT) is a non-invasive therapy used in the management of MPS of the upper trapezius to improve neck disability measured using the Neck Disability Index (NDI). However, stronger evidence is still needed regarding the effectiveness of KT in reducing neck disability scores in MPS upper trapezius. This study aims to review and analyze the effectiveness of KT on NDI scores in MPS upper trapezius. The research method used is a systematic review employing PRISMA-P and the PICOS framework. The sample and population of the study consist of articles obtained from databases such as Crossref, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Semantic Scholar. Keywords such as "Kinesio Taping," "Myofascial Pain Syndrome," and "Myofascial Trigger Point" were used. The results of the descriptive analysis of the selected articles showed that KT significantly reduced the NDI value in MPS upper trapezius. In conclusion, KT is effective in improving functional disability in the neck caused by MPS upper trapezius, and KT can be a therapeutic option either alone or in combination with other therapies.

A mid the growing complexity of contemporary education, the challenge of integrating intellectual achievement with moral and spiritual development has become increasingly urgent. This study examines educational strategies in the Qur’an through the perspective of tafsir tarbawi, focusing on four core approaches: exemplary conduct, advice, dialogue, and storytelling. The research aims to explore how the Qur’an presents pedagogical methods that not only convey knowledge but also shape character and internalize values in learners. Employing a qualitative library research design with thematic and tafsir tarbawi approaches, this study analyzes relevant Qur’anic verses and supporting scholarly literature. The findings reveal that the Qur’an offers a holistic and dynamic model of education in which exemplary conduct functions as a behavioral model, advice serves as a means of value internalization, dialogue promotes reflective and critical thinking, and storytelling strengthens moral awareness through narrative experience. These strategies are interconnected and operate across cognitive, affective, and behavioral domains. The study concludes that Qur’anic educational strategies remain highly relevant for contemporary Islamic education, particularly in strengthening character formation, reflective learning, and the integration of values in educational practice.

Type II Diabetes Mellitus is one of the chronic diseases whose prevalence continues to increase and has become a global health issue. A common complication in patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus is peripheral circulatory disorders, which can be identified through the Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) examination—a non-invasive method used to detect peripheral artery disease. ABI testing is essential for early detection and prevention of serious complications such as diabetic ulcers.This study aims to describe the Ankle Brachial Index values in patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus at Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan in 2025. This research used a descriptive quantitative method with purposive sampling technique. The study sample consisted of 52 respondents from a total population of 109 patients diagnosed with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Data collection was conducted through observation sheets and measurement of systolic blood pressure in the upper and lower extremities using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope. The ABI value was calculated based on the ratio between the highest ankle systolic pressure and the highest brachial systolic pressure. Data were analyzed using tabulation techniques and presented in tables and diagrams. The results showed that the majority of respondents had normal ABI values (>0.90), totaling 33 individuals (63.5%), while 19 individuals (36.5%) experienced abnormal ABI values (≤0.90).Conclusion:The study concludes that most patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus at Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan had ABI values within the normal range. However, a considerable proportion with abnormal ABI indicates the necessity of routine ABI screening as a preventive measure against peripheral vascular complications in diabetic patients. This study is expected to serve as a reference in developing nursing interventions aimed at improving the quality of life for patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus.