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The reason for this study was to determine the impact of brand image, product quality, and promotion on purchasing decisions of Pizza Hut consumers. The population is Pizza Hut customers, with a sample of 150 respondents taken using non-probability sampling techniques with purposive sampling method. PLS was used as an analytical tool in this study. This study shows that brand image has a positive, but insignificant, impact on purchasing decisions of Pizza Hut consumers. On the other hand, product quality has a positive and significant impact on purchasing decisions of Pizza Hut consumers. In addition, promotion also has a positive and significant impact on purchasing decisions of Pizza Hut consumers.

Mathematical logic is a branch of science that studies the principles of logical reasoning and how to judge the truth of a statement. This article discusses the role of mathematical logic in everyday life, especially in education, technology, and finance. Mathematical logic has been proven to help improve critical, analytical, and systematic thinking skills, making it easier for individuals to solve various problems more effectively and efficiently. In the world of education, mathematical logic supports the development of rational, argumentative, and problem-solving skills, and is an important foundation in the science and mathematics curriculum. Teachers can leverage this logic to encourage students in building consistent reasoning and logical argumentation. In the field of technology, mathematical logic is the foundation in the development of modern computing systems, such as algorithms, programming, artificial intelligence, and data structures. Without mathematical logic, digital systems such as search engines, software, and applications cannot function optimally. In finance, mathematical logic plays a role in budget strategy, investment decision-making, statistical analysis, and rational risk management. With a good understanding of logic, individuals and institutions can make more wise and measurable financial decisions. Although his contribution is large, there are still many people who do not understand the basic concepts of mathematical logic. This can be overcome through more inclusive education, contextual approaches, and interactive learning based on real problems, both in schools and non-formal environments. This study emphasizes the importance of mathematical logic as a foundation in supporting a more rational, efficient, and structured life in today's modern era. Increasing mathematical logic literacy can be a national strategy to create a society that thinks critically, is competitive, and ready to face global challenges.

One of the important factors in financial improvement is Economic Development. The task of the government in an effort to achieve effective progress is to decide the direction of the improvement arrangement and to realize the goal of this progress requires a large improvement arrangement to realize stable financial development in order to advance the welfare of society is to expand Small and Medium Enterprises and Labor. It aims to find out the concurrent impact and half impact of Small and Medium Enterprises and Labor on the financial development of Batam city. An economy is said to be developing if the level of economic accomplishment measures achieved today is higher than that achieved in the previous period. Development is achieved if the physical amount of goods and administrations created in the economy increases over a long time. The reason of this research is to see and encourage for the impact of Investment and Local Revenue (PAD) on Economic development. Methods used in this research This research uses literature review to get an overview of what are the efforts of Batam city government in economic growth in Batam city, therefore in this article there are various data sources and references. The data used in this research is additional information in the form of budget reports obtained from BP Batam and BP Batam's official website. The result of this research is a review of several data sources that have been collected for the purpose of solving the problem at hand derived from previous studies and research.

This study was conducted at Four Star by Trans Hotel, Renon, Bali which discussed the Optimization of the implementation of standard operating procedures (SOP) in improving front office department services. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of Front Office SOPs at Four Star by Trans Hotel and how SOPs can improve service quality. Researchers used primary and secondary data to support this study. Data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and document studies. The method used was a qualitative descriptive method. The results of the study showed that the front office (bellboy, reservation, telephone operator, receptionist) had implemented existing SOPs and had provided the best service to guests, but not optimally, due to several reasons, one of which was the lack of front office staff. The dimensions used as a reference to measure how SOPs are implemented by the front office include reliability, responsiveness, certainty or guarantee, empathy, tangibles.

Remittance money is a number of cost contributions given from the groom-to-be to the prospective in-laws to meet the needs of the wedding. The tradition of money delivery in the culture of the Mandailing Angkola community, especially in Aek Nabara Jae Village, is a symbol of the bride-to-be's seriousness towards the woman. However, in practice, this tradition often causes problems when the nominal amount set exceeds the reasonable limit. Too high a dowry has caused many couples, especially from the lower middle economic class, to be forced to postpone their marriage. This research aims to examine the implementation and determination of remittances in local wedding customs, as well as how Islamic law views these conditions. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive method through field observation and interviews. The results of the study showed that the determination of remittance money was influenced by education level, social status, and the intervention of extended families. In the view of Islamic law, the determination of the dowry that burdens and hinders marriage is contrary to the principle of convenience and benefit in muamalah.

The Zakat Aware Community Movement is an initiative to raise Muslims' awareness of the importance of zakat as a religious obligation and socio-economic instrument. The goal is to encourage people to pay zakat, both zakat mal and fitrah, correctly and on target to help the poor and reduce poverty and social inequality. Zakat not only has spiritual value, but also a strategic role in welfare distribution. Awareness of zakat is expected to counter consumptive behavior or hedonism, which in Islam is known as israf (excessive) and tabdzir (wasteful). The concept of “mâl” (wealth) in Islam is everything that can be legally owned and utilized, such as houses, money, gold, and others. Blessed wealth is wealth that is obtained lawfully, benefits others, and is used to get closer to Allah. Islam also pays great attention to poverty, which is described through the terms fakir and miskin. For this reason, zakat as the third pillar of Islam has a major role in overcoming it. For those who are reluctant to pay zakat, Islam recognizes the punishment of ta'zir - a punishment imposed by the ruler to safeguard the public interest. Finally, zakat that is paid consciously and sincerely can bring blessings to wealth, strengthen social solidarity, and strengthen the economic resilience of the people.

This study aims to analyze students’ conceptual understanding of hydrocarbons through a literature review utilizing the Three-Tier Multiple Choice Diagnostic Instrument. Hydrocarbons are a fundamental topic in chemistry education that often leads to student misconceptions. The three-tier diagnostic instrument is designed not only to assess students’ cognitive knowledge through correct or incorrect answers but also to explore the reasoning behind their choices, enabling more accurate identification of misconceptions and conceptual understanding. The methodology employed is a literature review examining various scientific sources on the application of this diagnostic tool in teaching hydrocarbon concepts. The findings indicate that the Three-Tier Multiple Choice Diagnostic Instrument is effective in systematically detecting and classifying students’ difficulties and misconceptions. Furthermore, the use of this instrument contributes significantly to developing targeted and data-driven instructional strategies to enhance students’ conceptual mastery in chemistry. The implications of this study highlight the necessity of integrating three-tier diagnostic instruments in the assessment process to support optimal learning outcomes in hydrocarbon material.

The making of authentic deeds by a notary is part of the legal service that has the highest evidentiary value in the Indonesian civil law system. One of the formal requirements of an authentic deed according to Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 30 of 2004 concerning the Position of Notary (UUJN) is the presence of two witnesses who know and directly witness the process of signing the deed. In notarial practice, notary staff are often appointed as witnesses for reasons of administrative convenience, trust, and availability of time. This study aims to examine the legal position and role of notary staff as witnesses in authentic deeds and the form of legal protection available if the deed is legally disputed. The research method used is normative legal with a statutory and conceptual approach, supported by literature studies and analysis of related court decisions. The results of the study indicate that notary staff are legally valid as witnesses as long as they meet the requirements as competent witnesses according to law. However, if a dispute arises over the deed, the staff can be asked for information as a witness in court and has the potential to face legal pressure. Therefore, legal protection for notary staff includes the principle of good faith, legal protection for witnesses, the right to legal assistance, and the ethical responsibility of notaries as employers. In conclusion, there needs to be more explicit regulations regarding the role of staff in deeds and clear protection mechanisms to maintain professionalism, integrity, and legal certainty in notarial practice.

The vulnerability of the younger generation to negative exposure to new media (internet and social media) has the potential to weaken national resilience, especially the aspect of family resilience. Family resilience as a fundamental element is disrupted by negative broadcasts, the rise of hate speech and information (fake news and misleading narratives) that are widely found in new media. For this reason, it is necessary to strengthen national solidarity through the idea of ​​forming Pancasila family resilience that protects the younger generation from the destructive threats of social media. This study aims to determine the extent to which Pancasila family resilience can strengthen the spirit of national solidarity of the younger generation. The study used a literature study method with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used primary and secondary sources with data collection techniques using data triangulation. The results of the study stated that (1) The threat of weakening national values ​​arises from digital developments marked by the rise of new media in the form of the internet and social media; (2) The negative influence of new media appears in negative video broadcasts, the phenomenon of hate speech and misleading narratives, and fake news that creates social unrest in society; (3) The concept of Pancasila family resilience is needed to strengthen the spirit of national solidarity and prevent the negative impacts of new media among the younger generation. The conclusion of the research is that the concept of Pancasila family resilience is expected to be able to encourage the spirit of Pancasila in preventing various negative impacts of the digital technology phenomenon, especially the negative influence of new media on the spirit of nationalism among the young generation of Indonesia.

Numeracy is an essential competency that supports students’ ability to reason quantitatively and solve real-life problems. However, students in Indonesia often face challenges in understanding mathematical concepts and applying them in everyday contexts. In response to this, a community service program was conducted at SMP Insan Rabbany, Tangerang Selatan, focusing on the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications such as ChatGPT and Educaplay in mathematics learning. The program aimed to improve students’ numeracy literacy and provide teachers with the capacity to utilize AI tools effectively. The activities included training sessions for teachers, and direct assistance in classroom implementation. The results showed a significant uses in students’ ability of numeracy. Moreover, teachers expressed increased confidence in incorporating AI-based methods into their lessons. This program highlights the potential of AI to enhance numeracy skills and underscores the importance of technological support and teacher training in the digital age.

This study is a literature review aimed at examining the effectiveness of the guided inquiry model based on STEM in enhancing students’ critical thinking skills. The guided inquiry model provides a structured framework for students to explore problems under teacher guidance, while the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) approach promotes interdisciplinary, contextual, and practical learning. Through an analysis of various relevant articles and scholarly journals, the findings indicate that the implementation of the guided inquiry model integrated with STEM consistently improves students' critical thinking abilities, particularly in areas such as analysis, evaluation, and reasoning. The study also highlights the crucial role of teachers as active facilitators in the learning process and the need for adequate resources to effectively apply this approach. The results of this review are expected to serve as a reference for educators and researchers in developing innovative and 21st-century-oriented learning strategies.

This article discusses the implementation of FPCI Goes to School (FGTS) 4.0, an educational outreach initiative conducted by the Foreign Policy Community of Indonesia (FPCI) Chapter UPN Veteran Jakarta, with the objective of increasing students’ awareness and understanding of international political dynamics. The initiative addresses the growing need for public literacy on global issues that often have indirect but significant effects on national and local communities, such as trade disruptions and inflation caused by geopolitical conflicts. Using the Russia-Ukraine war as the primary case study, this activity sought to explore how international events influence domestic realities, including the rising cost of grain-based products and the spread of digital propaganda. The program was held at Muhammadiyah 2 Senior High School Jakarta and employed a participatory method involving socialization sessions, group discussions, and pre-test and post-tests evaluations to measure knowledge gain and critical thinking. Findings show that students demonstrated a strong grasp of basic geopolitical knowledge (+90% correct identification) and high level of awareness regarding digital security practices (+95% relevant answers). Slightly lower comprehension was observed in questions requiring simple analytical reasoning about international politics. This activity concludes that early exposure to international political education, delivered through targeted civic engagement programs, is promising to cultivate for a more globally-aware and resilient future citizens. 

The scope of pretrial authority is regulated under Article 77 of the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), with an extension of authority introduced through the Constitutional Court Decision Number 21/PUU-XII/2014. The evidentiary process in pretrial proceedings is governed by Article 2 paragraphs (2) and (4) of the Supreme Court Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4 of 2016 concerning the Prohibition of Judicial Review of Pretrial Decisions. However, in practice, petitions for pretrial often address matters beyond this prescribed authority. Moreover, there remains a disparity in judicial reasoning across different judges, particularly with respect to the evaluation of evidence in the determination of a suspect.The legal issues examined in this study are: (1) whether the expansion of the pretrial authority’s scope has led to multiple interpretations among law enforcement officers, and (2) how the evidentiary process in pretrial proceedings aligns with the principle of legal certainty. This thesis employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The findings of this thesis reveal that the expansion of pretrial authority has indeed created multiple interpretations among law enforcement officials, owing to inconsistencies in pretrial decisions that result from judicial discretion. Furthermore, the evidentiary process in pretrial proceedings ought to be limited to the formal aspects of investigative or prosecutorial actions. Nevertheless, certain pretrial rulings have considered the substance and quality of evidence, and even assessed the conduct of the suspect. Such practices undermine legal certainty for justice seekers. Therefore, the Supreme Court should issue more concrete regulations concerning the scope of pretrial and the evidentiary standards applicable in pretrial proceedings.

Healthy financial performance is a target that a company wants to achieve which can be influenced by many factors both internally and externally. In this study, remuneration, risk management and corporate governance are the variables chosen to find their influence on financial performance. State-owned enterprises or BUMN are the research samples with a total of 20 BUMN from 2019 - 2023. Qualitative descriptive analysis methods are used with secondary data as a supporting tool for the research. Secondary data comes from journals, articles or annual reports of companies in the form of non-numerical data such as standards, policies or rules used in BUMN operations. The results of the study show that remuneration, risk management and corporate governance do not affect financial performance for various reasons. Remuneration has no effect because the number of workers from each BUMN is different and has a different remuneration policy. While risk management has no effect because liquidity risk cannot be the only risk that can be used, meaning that there needs to be intervention from other risks. Corporate governance has no effect because of the difference in the number of directors and the change of directors which results in changes in policy or culture.

In the world of education, students' English language skills cannot be separated from the learning process provided by lecturers. Lecturers as facilitators try to provide the best teaching and learning process for their students. English is a course that develops communication skills both orally and in writing, understanding and expressing information. This course is no longer just a course that is limited to grammar, but can also develop students' skills in communicating English orally and in writing. For this reason, a creative approach is needed that can make students more active and interesting in learning English. One of the approaches provided by lecturers is learning English by utilizing audio-visual media, namely using videos, films, and music. In teaching English material, the use of this learning media is one of the right learning media to use. The purpose of this journal is to provide strategies in utilizing audio-visual media to improve students' English learning outcomes. Technically, the strategy for utilizing audio-visual media in the process of teaching and learning English is divided into three stages, namely preparation, use and the last is follow-up after use. This media utilization strategy will make English learning more effective, interactive and interesting. Lecturers will be more optimal in delivering materials and students will find it easier to understand.

Critical thinking skills are an important competency in learning biology, especially in biodiversity materials that require analysis, reasoning, and decision-making. This study aims to determine the influence of the Guided Discovery Learning learning model  on the critical thinking ability of grade X students at SMA Negeri 2 Tondano. The method used was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design. The sample consisted of two classes, namely the control class that was taught using the conventional model and the experimental class that received treatment with the Guided Discovery Learning model. Data were collected through pretest and posttest written tests, and analyzed using normality, homogeneity, and t-test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the learning outcomes of students in the experimental class and the control class. The average posttest score of the experimental class was 81 higher than the control class of 63.5. In addition, the Tcal value of 4.65 is greater than the Ttable of 2.02 at a significance level of 0.05, which shows that  the Guided Discovery Learning model  has a positive influence on improving students' critical thinking skills. This result is also strengthened by a decrease in standard deviation which shows an equal distribution of understanding between students. This research contributes to the development of active learning strategies in biology education and suggests the application of this model to improve higher-level thinking skills. This model is also relevant applied to other topics in order to strengthen discovery-based learning and collaboration.

The purpose of this study is to examine the principle of good faith , which is a fundamental aspect of corporate governance, which ensures fair treatment for all shareholders, including minority shareholders. This study examines the application of good faith in the third General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS) in relation to the protection of minority shareholders, focusing on Decision Number 389/PDT.P/2019/PN.CKR. This study aims to analyze the court's reasons behind the issuance of the Niet Ontvankelijke Verklaard decision at the third GMS and to evaluate the legal protection mechanisms available to minority shareholders. This study uses a normative juridical approach, by analyzing legal norms and judicial precedents related to corporate governance and shareholder rights. The research findings reveal that minority shareholders often face legal uncertainty and procedural disadvantages in GMS decisions, especially when the principle of good faith is not upheld. The court's rejection of the third GMS application highlights the need for a more comprehensive legal framework to protect the interests of minority shareholders and ensure a fair corporate decision-making process. This study contributes to the corporate governance discourse by emphasizing the importance of procedural fairness and legal certainty in shareholder meetings

Kupang City is the capital of East Nusa Tenggara province which is inseparable from the case of rape of a father against a biological child. There are several cases including a minor being a victim of sexual violence. Tragically, a student of a junior high school in Kupang became a victim of rape committed by her biological father. The case of adultery committed by the father to his biological child was handled by the PPA Unit of the Kupang City Police Satreskrim in 2019. The results of this study show that (1) the causative factor for children as victims of rape by biological fathers in Kupang City is the influence of lack of religious understanding in the family environment that causes the perpetrator to commit crimes. The actions carried out by the perpetrator were carried out repeatedly without thinking about the mental and physical influence of the victim. For this reason, it is hoped that religious understanding can be applied in the family environment so that it becomes a moral benchmark for one's life as well as the cases researched by the author. (2)) The impact on children as victims of rape by biological fathers in Kupang City is the physical and social impact experienced by the victim after the incident that befell the victim. (3) Legal Protection Efforts for Children as Victims of Rape by Biological Fathers in Kupang City In particular, Indonesia has its own law regarding the protection of children, namely Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning Child Protection. In Articles 81 and 82 of the Law on Child Protection, it is stipulated that the perpetrator of sexual abuse of children is sentenced to a maximum of 15 years in prison.

Most people do not know the legal basis for resolving traffic accidents that result in death through restorative justice (peaceful, family). Such a wrong public perception will cause great harm to the government's efforts to develop in the legal field, among other things, it can raise confusing questions. This study is a contribution of researchers' thoughts to participate in solving one of the legal problems that have long occurred in society. The research used is juridical-sociological or empirical research with a legal research approach. This research is an in-depth interview. The data collected are verbal and nonverbal. The conversation is recorded in a notebook or recorded with a tape recorder. The data is processed, analyzed and interpreted in a juridical-descriptive manner to explain or describe the data obtained by providing a logical interpretation and confirmed by the opinions of experts. The results of the study indicate that the causal factors or reasons for peaceful resolution or restorative justice of traffic accident cases resulting in fatalities at the Kupang City Police Resort are public legal awareness, public tendency to prioritize peace and family, and police discretionary authority. The practice of restorative justice resolution of traffic accident cases resulting in fatalities is carried out through the stages of the Approach Stage, Mediation Stage, Agreement Making Stage, Agreement Implementation Stage, and Completion and Case Closed Management.

The purpose of this study is to present the concept and implementation of integrative theme learning in the first grade at Kranggot Elementary School. To provide students with meaningful experiences, integrative theme learning combines various skills from various fields and topics. After being given educational materials, the goal is to help students become more proficient in observing, asking questions, reasoning, and presenting what they have learned. Learning objects intersect with artistic, cultural, social, and natural events. Learning efforts that are focused on the developmental stage of elementary school kids, who still view the world holistically and are only able to understand the relationship between ideas fundamentally, namely integrative theme learning. Therefore, students are expected to have much better abilities in attitudes, skills, and knowledge through this integrative theme approach.