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Sleep disturbances in infants can cause significant physiological and psychological impacts, such as decreased immune function, impaired cognitive development, and an increased risk of emotional problems (Tanty & Pramesti, 2023). Poor sleep not only inhibits physical growth but also affects infants’ mental development, including attention disorders, anxiety, and low cognitive abilities (Hendri & Sari, 2021). Therefore, it is important to provide effective interventions to improve infants’ sleep quality. This study aimed to determine the effect of baby massage on infant sleep quality at BPM Aida Nospita, Manunggal Village, Labuhan Deli Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, in 2025. This research employed a quasi-experimental method with a pretest–posttest design using an experimental group and a control group, also known as a pretest–posttest with control group design, which is a form of quasi-experimental research design. The population of this study consisted of all infants aged 3–6 months at BPM Aida Nospita, Manunggal Village, Labuhan Deli Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, totaling 32 infants, with 16 infants in the experimental group and 16 infants in the control group. The results of the statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon test showed a significant probability value of 0.001 (p < 0.05). This indicates that the null hypothesis (H₀) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (H₁) was accepted, meaning that baby massage had a significant effect on sleep quality among infants at BPM Aida Nospita, Manunggal Village, Labuhan Deli Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, in 2025.

Catur Murti Counseling integrates the concept of self-acceptance as a foundation that aims to provide a deep understanding of self-development and interpersonal relationships through a psychological approach. Catur Murti, which originates from Javanese culture, teaches the importance of balance in four aspects of life: spiritual, intellectual, emotional, and physical. By using qualitative research methods and using types of literature studies that aim to describe the facts that have been collected and then provide explanations and understanding of the facts regarding the concept of catur murti counseling. This counseling not only helps individuals understand themselves, but also in building harmonious relationships with others. Through counseling techniques based on the principles of Catur Murti, individuals are invited to explore their potential, overcome conflicts, and create a more meaningful life.

The family is the smallest social unit in society that plays an important role in individual development. Harmonius relationships within the family are the main foundation for creating individuals who are physically, emotionally, and psychologically healthy. Family Psychodynamics is an approach to family counseling that is rooted in psychoanalytic theory. This approach focuses on unconscious emotional patterns in relationships between family members, as well as the influence of childhood experiences on current family dynamics. Behavioral Social Family Counseling is an approach to family counseling that combines psychodynamic principles with social behavioral theory. This approach focuses on how social interactions and behaviors observed within the family affect the dynamics of relationships between family members.The Structural Family Approach is a counseling model that emphasizes family structure, including roles, hierarchies, and patterns of relationships between family members. This approach was developed by Salvador Minuchin, who believed that families have a structure that influences interactions between family members.  

This research aims to explore the role of traditional dance activities in developing gross motor skills of early childhood students at TK Nurul Ilmi. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that traditional dance serves not only as a medium to improve motor coordination, balance, and agility but also fosters positive behavioral traits such as confidence, cooperation, and enthusiasm. Teachers reported that children were more motivated and engaged when physical activities were integrated with music and rhythmic movements. This study emphasizes the importance of incorporating culturally relevant activities in early childhood education to support holistic development. The research provides valuable insights for educators to develop creative learning strategies and for future studies to investigate broader cultural applications in early childhood development.

Successful packaging design is not only a determinant of a product's success in the market, especially in the beauty industry such as hand cream. The role of aesthetically pleasing and functional packaging design is crucial in influencing consumer purchasing decisions. Therefore, a marketing strategy focused on packaging design becomes key to enhancing product appeal and sales. The strategic use of mockups in the design phase allows designers to test and evaluate concepts digitally without the need for physical prototypes. The advantage of mockups lies in their ability to provide a realistic preview, expediting the design and development process. The aspects of packaging design are critical in creating a visually compelling and convincing experience for consumers. This research, employing a descriptive approach and qualitative methods, aims to explore the appropriate approach in designing hand cream packaging. The hope is that this research serves as a significant initial step in the development of hand cream packaging design, ensuring the product not only meets aesthetic standards but also competes effectively in a competitive market.

This article discusses the importance of balance between body and soul in Islamic education by referring to the thoughts of Imam Al-Ghazali. In Al-Ghazali's view, education is not just a process of transferring knowledge, but a comprehensive effort to form a complete human being through the development of physical, intellectual, and spiritual aspects. The soul is positioned as the main center of personality development, while the body plays a role as a means to support the implementation of spiritual and social tasks. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method to examine in depth the works of Al-Ghazali and other supporting literature. The results of the study show that Al-Ghazali's thoughts on the balance of body and soul are very relevant to be applied in the modern education system, especially in responding to the challenges of dehumanization and value crises. The integration of spiritual and physical dimensions in education can be a solution in forming students who are not only intellectually intelligent, but also emotionally and spiritually mature.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a permanent, non-progressive motor disorder that occurs due to brain damage experienced before, during, or after birth. This condition is generally characterized by activity limitations and can be accompanied by various other disorders, such as delayed cognitive development, visual impairment, speech disorders, and neuromuscular disorders. Management of cerebral palsy is usually multidisciplinary, including physiotherapy, behavioral therapy, speech therapy, nutritional management, pharmacotherapy, and surgical intervention, with the aim of improving the patient's quality of life. This case report discusses a male patient, An. AZ, aged 4 years and 6 months, who was brought by his parents to the Emergency Department of Cut Meutia General Hospital, North Aceh with the chief complaint of seizures that had occurred two days before admission and had worsened in the past day. The patient had been diagnosed with cerebral palsy since early childhood and regularly underwent physiotherapy. From the anamnesis, it was revealed that the patient experienced weakness on the left side of the body, which was more dominant than the right side. This condition is consistent with the manifestation of hemiplegia in cerebral palsy patients. Physical examination revealed delayed motor development, increased muscle tone on the left side, and enhanced pathological reflexes. Acute seizure management included administering anticonvulsant medication according to protocol, monitoring vital signs, and close observation in the inpatient ward. In addition to pharmacological therapy, the patient was advised to continue regular physiotherapy to maintain motor function, prevent contractures, and support the development of daily activities. This case emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive approach to the management of cerebral palsy, particularly when complicated by seizures. Integration of acute medical care, rehabilitative therapy, and family support plays a crucial role in improving the patient's quality of life.

The concept of poetry writing education in increasing students' creativity is basically directed at the formation of attitudes, so that there is a balance of children's intellectual, intellectual, mental, physical and moral, because at the age of junior high school, children's mental and physical development is in a high stage of development so that to optimize their creativity, education in writing poetry is one of the right ways to use. Therefore, poetry writing education should be a forum or means for children to develop and pour their creativity. Children's creativity at the age of Junior High School is still very diverse according to their level of maturity and brain development. To improve the development of children's creativity so that they grow optimally, education in writing poetry plays a very important role, namely as a means of facilitating children in expressing the child's thoughts and soul.

Sport is a basic need to maintain good physical condition and health, and plays an important role in national development. Law Number 11 of 2022 concerning Sports emphasizes the importance of educational sports, performance sports and recreational sports. One form of recreational sport that is popular in Payakumbuh City is Aerobiks, which is not only popular for fitness but also as a recreational activity. This research aims to analyze the influence of people's motivation to exercise Aerobiks in Payakumbuh City, with a focus on instructor competence, awareness of healthy living, and sports facilities. The population in this research is the people of Payakumbuh City. This research uses quantitative methods with primary data in the form of a questionnaire with a total research sample of 60 respondents taken based on sampling techniques. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis and inferential statistical analysis with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis of various Partial Least Square (PLS) variants. Measurement model or outer model, structural model test or inner model, and hypothesis testing with the help of Smart-PLS 4.0 software as a testing tool. The results of this research show that instructor competence and facilities have a significant effect on people's motivation to exercise Aerobiks in Payakumbuh City. Meanwhile, awareness of healthy living has no effect on people's motivation to exercise Aerobiks in Payakumbuh City.

The documentary film Breaking Boundaries: Ruang Yang Sama explores the experiences of athletes with disabilities in Bandung Regency as they confront prevailing social stigma. Rather than allowing their physical limitations to hinder them, these athletes turn such conditions into motivation to pursue achievements in sports. This documentary employs a directorial concept that combines expository and observational approaches. The expository method utilizes voice-over narration to present data-based information, while the observational style captures the athletes’ activities naturally, without direct intervention from the filmmaker. The filmmaking process follows three key stages: pre-production, production, and post-production. As the director, the author is responsible for guiding the visual narrative to support the intended message. The documentary applies a three-act narrative structure—introduction, conflict development, and resolution—which contributes to the coherence of the storyline. Through this combination, the film aims to portray the realities faced by disabled athletes and foster greater appreciation for their efforts and accomplishments in sports

Adolescence is a transition period from childhood to adulthood marked by various physical, emotional, and social changes. One of the main challenges faced by adolescents is a lack of self-confidence, which can hinder the development of self-potential and social interaction. Based on observations at the Taruna Yodha Sukoharjo Children's Social Service Center, it was found that many adolescents showed an inferior attitude, were afraid of being wrong, and were reluctant to express their opinions in public. Therefore, this community service aims to increase awareness of the importance of self-confidence through interactive socialization. The implementation method includes four stages, namely the presentation of material on the concept of self-confidence, discussion of personal experiences, providing positive affirmations, and ice breaking to build familiarity. This activity was attended by most of the adolescents at the center and succeeded in increasing active participation from 20% to 50%. Although there were still obstacles such as limited time and the difficulty of some participants in expressing themselves verbally, the evaluation results showed an increase in social interaction and enthusiasm in implementing positive affirmations. This activity proves that an interactive approach can be an effective solution in fostering adolescent self-confidence. For more optimal results, ongoing programs such as public speaking training and psychological assistance are needed. It is hoped that teenagers in the shelter can continue to develop their potential and face social challenges with more confidence.

One of the important factors in financial improvement is Economic Development. The task of the government in an effort to achieve effective progress is to decide the direction of the improvement arrangement and to realize the goal of this progress requires a large improvement arrangement to realize stable financial development in order to advance the welfare of society is to expand Small and Medium Enterprises and Labor. It aims to find out the concurrent impact and half impact of Small and Medium Enterprises and Labor on the financial development of Batam city. An economy is said to be developing if the level of economic accomplishment measures achieved today is higher than that achieved in the previous period. Development is achieved if the physical amount of goods and administrations created in the economy increases over a long time. The reason of this research is to see and encourage for the impact of Investment and Local Revenue (PAD) on Economic development. Methods used in this research This research uses literature review to get an overview of what are the efforts of Batam city government in economic growth in Batam city, therefore in this article there are various data sources and references. The data used in this research is additional information in the form of budget reports obtained from BP Batam and BP Batam's official website. The result of this research is a review of several data sources that have been collected for the purpose of solving the problem at hand derived from previous studies and research.

This study aims to analyze strategies for creating a conducive classroom climate through the integration of classroom management and strengthening teachers' work ethic. The research employs a qualitative literature review method, collecting and analyzing various relevant sources. Findings indicate that a conducive classroom climate is influenced by three main factors: (1) effective classroom management, including physical environment arrangement, implementation of democratic approaches, and participatory learning methods; (2) teachers' work ethic encompassing commitment, creativity, and the ability to build positive interactions; and (3) institutional support through facilities and teacher development programs. Challenges such as administrative burdens and lack of teacher appreciation are also discussed. The study concludes that holistic integration of classroom management and teacher work ethic enhancement can create an optimal learning environment. Recommendations include improving teacher training, providing supporting facilities, and conducting further research to test this model's effectiveness in various contexts.

This study aims to explore the impact of father involvement in adolescent parenting and how this role affects children's emotional, social, and academic development. Adolescence is a critical period marked by significant changes in physical, cognitive, and emotional aspects. Active father involvement in children's lives has been shown to contribute positively to adolescent achievement motivation and emotional well-being. Through a qualitative approach and literature analysis, this study identified various forms of support provided by fathers, including affectionate support, parenting, and involvement in daily activities. The results showed that the higher the level of father involvement, the better the development of adolescents in facing life challenges. These findings emphasize the importance of the role of fathers in shaping children's character and life values, and provide recommendations to increase awareness of the importance of father involvement in parenting.  

This paper investigates various forms of church training for children, highlighting the central role of the family as the primary foundation. Based on a theological interpretation of Job 5:18 and an understanding of the family as a "mini church," this article explores how the family functions as the primary agent in instilling Christian values ​​through education, character education, faith and moral cultivation, and parental role models. In addition, this paper identifies the unique characteristics of children in terms of nature, needs, physical, mental, moral, psycho-social, and faith development that need to be considered in designing effective training strategies. Furthermore, this article outlines the main materials of child training and various implementation strategies that can be applied by churches and families, including increasing Sunday school services, age grouping, dexterity training, utilization of literature, emphasizing God's love and calling, and teaching principles from Proverbs 22:6. This study emphasizes the importance of a deep understanding of children and the development of empathy in the effort to foster the next generation of church members who are faithful and have Christian character.

The development of digital technology has significantly changed various aspects of life, including the religious sphere. Cyber Church has emerged as an innovation that allows churches to reach a broader congregation through digital media without relying on physical gatherings. This study aims to analyze the concept of Cyber Church, the role of technology in transforming church worship and ministry, its impact on congregational spiritual growth, and the integration of digital innovation with traditional church values. The research employs a qualitative method with a literature review approach, drawing from various journal articles and academic books. The findings reveal that Cyber Church provides significant opportunities for churches to engage with the digital generation while posing challenges in maintaining spiritual depth and personal interactions within faith communities. Furthermore, the integration of technology with church traditions is crucial to ensuring that digital innovation does not replace the essence of fellowship, which has long been the foundation of the church. Thus, this study asserts that Cyber Church should be understood as a complementary tool rather than a replacement for conventional church ministry.

Kureksari Village utilizes local economic potential and designs strategies to increase revenue through analysis of the 2024 budget realization and the 2025 budget plan. Kureksari Village, located in Sidoarjo Regency, has a wealth of resources in the form of physical assets such as a sports building managed by BUMDes as well as non-physical potential such as a spirit of mutual cooperation and a high level of community education. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach through case studies, using data obtained from interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings show that village financial management has been directed towards the principles of transparency and efficiency, with a focus on spending on development, empowerment, and strengthening the community economy. Although village income in 2025 is projected to increase, challenges are still seen in efforts to increase Village Original Income (PADes) sustainably. The strategies implemented include increasing the professionalism of BUMDes management, mentoring small business actors, and expanding market access through digitalization. Therefore, it is recommended that villages continue to strengthen the capacity of their apparatus, increase community involvement, and build partnerships with external parties to support the achievement of economically independent villages.

Indonesia's rich natural resources offer immense potential for tourism development, with various locations evolving into popular tourist destinations. Kledung Pass, with its stunning views of three mountains, is an attractive stopover for travelers heading to cities across Java. Despite its popularity, however, there is no clear technical framework for designing rest areas in such locations. This study addresses the gap by proposing a new concept that reimagines rest areas as tourist destinations, providing brief yet meaningful stops for travelers. The research conducted surveys with road users to understand their rest needs while traveling. It focused on identifying key factors influencing the need for rest from a neuroscience perspective, considering both the physiological and psychological aspects. These findings were analyzed using William Peña’s space programming theory to develop appropriate design standards. The results indicated two main factors driving the need for temporary stopovers: physical fatigue from long journeys and emotional boredom. These findings underscore the necessity for spaces that cater to both physical relaxation and mental rejuvenation, creating a more holistic rest area experience. The proposed design standards move beyond traditional rest areas, integrating recreational features to enhance user experience. The design that considers the effective zoning layout and the use of environmentally friendly materials is expected to be able to create an economically efficient rest area, while providing a positive experience that is environmentally friendly. Overall, planning non-toll rest areas with neuroarchitectural principles can create functional rest areas that support mental health, as well as strengthen Indonesia's tourism appeal through sustainable and highquality space experiences.

This study aims to implement Senam Ahoy Melayu Medan as one of the methods in introducing Indonesian culture at Sanggar Bimbingan Wira Damai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Senam Ahoy, which is a combination of gymnastic movements and Malay cultural elements, is expected to be an effective means to introduce Indonesian cultural values ​​to Malaysian society, especially the younger generation. Qualitative methods were used to understand the experiences and perceptions of participants towards this activity, data were collected through the triangulation method. The results of the study showed that Senam Ahoy not only functions as a physical activity, but also as a medium to convey the values ​​of Malay culture, history, and identity. In addition, this activity succeeded in attracting the interest of children at Sanggar Bimbingan Wira Damai to better understand and appreciate Indonesian cultural heritage. This study is expected to be a reference for the development of similar cultural programs in the future. This study concludes that the implementation of Senam Ahoy Melayu Medan at Sanggar Bimbingan Wira Damai contributes significantly to the introduction and preservation of Indonesian culture abroad, as well as strengthening social relations between Indonesian and Malaysian society.

Parental divorce causes the child to lose the love and affection of his parents and hinders them in their psychological development. This study describes and analyzes the psychological struggles experienced by three children who lost their father's role after divorce. All three experience similar inner conflicts: feelings of loss, neglect, and emotional division, as well as confusion in choosing to live with their father or mother. This study uses a qualitative case study approach and uses participatory observation and in-depth interviews for data collection. The results showed that children experienced conflicts about loyalty, emotional stress, and difficulty in reshaping their self-identity in a changing family environment. Children's mental and social instability is exacerbated by the loss of the father figure both physically and emotionally. The study emphasizes how important it is for parents to remain actively involved with their child even after they have divorced to maintain their emotional stability and provide ongoing psychological support. These findings are expected to be a reference for education practitioners, counselors, and parents in dealing with the psychological impact of divorce on children.