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The Indonesia Pintar Program (PIP) serves as a strategic state instrument to ensure equitable access to education for children from low-income families, in accordance with the constitutional mandate. However, the prevalence of fund embezzlement poses a severe threat to the fulfillment of these educational rights. This study aims to analyze the structural and institutional dynamics triggering fund misappropriation, evaluate the effectiveness of current oversight mechanisms, and formulate strategies to mitigate such violations. This research employs a normative legal method with a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing statutory and socio-legal analysis to examine regulations such as Law No. 20 of 2003 and relevant ministerial decrees. The findings reveal that embezzlement is driven by complex structural factors, including data asymmetry between Dapodik and DTKS, weak internal supervision, and a lack of transparency in fund distribution. Furthermore, legal enforcement remains suboptimal, often limited to administrative sanctions due to difficulties in proving mens rea and poor coordination among law enforcement agencies. The study concludes that current oversight mechanisms are insufficient to curb corruption in the education sector. Therefore, comprehensive reform is urgently needed, focusing on the integration of digital data systems, the implementation of e-audits, and the enhancement of civil society participation to ensure accountability. These measures are essential to protect the constitutional rights of children and ensure that education funds reach their intended beneficiaries without leakage.    

The Tapal Kuda Air Salobar Food Court is one of the culinary areas that plays an important role in supporting tourism and social activities in Ambon City. This area offers a variety of local culinary specialties from Maluku which are an attraction for the community and tourists. However, the increase in the number of visitors and the activities of traders have not been fully balanced by the conditions of adequate spatial planning, facilities, and area management systems. This study aims to analyze the existing condition of the Tapal Kuda Air Salobar Food Court from the aspects of spatial planning, waste management, supporting facilities, as well as the potential and challenges of its development as a culinary tourism destination. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection methods in the form of field observations and in-depth interviews with key informants, namely area managers, traders, and visitors. The data obtained are analyzed thematically to identify the main problems and potential development of the area. The results of the study indicate that the spatial planning of the Tapal Kuda Air Salobar Food Court has not been able to accommodate the increase in visitor and trader activities due to the lack of clear zoning, limited circulation routes, and spatial planning that develops without integrated planning. Furthermore, waste management in this area is not yet systematic and sustainable, as evidenced by limited trash bins, a lack of waste sorting, and poorly scheduled waste collection. Limited supporting facilities, such as seating and sanitation facilities, also impact the comfort and quality of the visitor experience, especially during peak visitor periods. Nevertheless, the Tapal Kuda Air Salobar Food Court has significant potential as a culinary tourism destination based on local cuisine and a social space, which can be developed through spatial planning, facility improvements, and more integrated area management. This study concludes that the revitalization of the Tapal Kuda Air Salobar Food Court requires a comprehensive approach, emphasizing spatial planning improvements, strengthening waste management, and enhancing the quality of facilities and area management to support the sustainability of culinary tourism and the quality of public spaces in Ambon City.

This study aims to analyze the strategic management of disaster services in handling flood-affected communities in Surabaya City. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with an analytical framework of strategic management theory according to Wheelen and Hunger (2008), which includes four main stages: environmental observation, strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and evaluation and control. Data were obtained through documentation studies, field observations, and secondary data searches from official reports from the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), and relevant online sources. The results show that the BPBD of East Java Province has implemented a systematic strategic management cycle in disaster services. During the environmental observation stage, the BPBD was able to identify the main threat in the form of the dominance of hydrometeorological disasters, particularly floods. During the strategy formulation stage, the BPBD established a mission, objectives, and strategic policies focused on disaster risk reduction, increasing community preparedness, and strengthening cross-sectoral coordination. Strategy implementation is realized through mitigation, preparedness, and emergency response programs, as well as the utilization of early warning systems and command centers. Meanwhile, evaluation and control are carried out continuously through monitoring disaster events and adjusting policies based on actual conditions in the field. The flood-affected community management strategy demonstrates a responsive and collaborative approach, despite still facing structural challenges such as tidal flooding and limited drainage infrastructure. This study concludes that implementing strategic management based on the theory of Wheelen and Hunger (2008) can improve the effectiveness of disaster services, but requires strengthening long-term mitigation and community empowerment.

Abstract. This study aims to examine the causes, forms, and strategies for combating violence against female Indonesian migrant workers (PMI) from a legal, sociological, and gender perspective. The background of this research is based on the vulnerability of female PMI to various forms of physical, psychological, sexual, and economic violence, which occurs from the pre-placement stage to the post-placement stage, as well as the long-term impact on mental health, human rights, and socio-economic reintegration. The method used is empirical legal with primary data collection through in-depth interviews with female PMI victims of violence and accompanying institutions, as well as secondary data in the form of literature reviews, laws and regulations, and scientific publications. The analysis was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods, integrating human rights theory, Feminist Legal Theory, and international migration policy. The results of the study show that the vulnerability of female migrant workers is caused by economic factors, education, patriarchal culture, non-transparent recruitment processes, the characteristics of work in the informal sector, power imbalances with employers, and weak legal protection in the destination country. The forms of violence experienced include beatings, sexual harassment, threats, social isolation, wage withholding, and structural exploitation practices. Protection efforts implemented include preventive approaches through training, legal education, legal document guarantees, and assistance from law enforcement agencies, as well as repressive approaches through action against perpetrators of violence and bilateral cooperation with destination countries. This study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive and sustainable protection for female Indonesian migrant workers, covering all stages of labor migration as well as strengthening digital-based monitoring systems, officer capacity, and cross-sector collaboration to ensure the safety, dignity, and fulfillment of the human rights of female Indonesian migrant workers.  

The assessment of students’ academic performance in higher education is generally still dominated by conventional numerical approaches, which are less capable of representing qualitative and subjective variables such as classroom activeness and student participation. These approaches often result in evaluations that are not holistic and do not fully reflect students’ overall academic achievements. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the concept of fuzzy logic as a support tool for assessing students’ academic performance in higher education, with a case study of students at Universitas Asahan. The research method employs a descriptive qualitative and quantitative approach by applying Mamdani fuzzy logic. The input variables consist of exam scores, assignment scores, and classroom activeness, while the system output is the category of academic performance, namely sufficient, good, and very good. The sample data consist of ten active undergraduate students from Universitas Asahan. The data processing stages include fuzzification, the construction of fuzzy rules (rule base), fuzzy inference, and defuzzification using the centroid method. The results indicate that fuzzy logic is able to integrate quantitative and qualitative variables and accommodate uncertainty in academic assessment. The resulting evaluation is more proportional and realistic compared to conventional assessment methods based solely on average scores. Therefore, fuzzy logic can be considered an effective and flexible alternative approach to support student academic performance assessment systems in higher education.

This study investigates the optimization of claims under the Indonesian Case-Based Groups (INA-CBGs) payment mechanism within the National Health Insurance Program (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional) at Hospital X in Serang. The research aims to analyze the influence of managerial competence, digital adoption, and organizational behavior on claim effectiveness, with policy implementation serving as a moderating variable. Employing a quantitative explanatory approach, data were collected from 144 respondents comprising management staff, casemix teams, and medical record officers through questionnaires and structured interviews. Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) was applied to examine the relationships among variables. Findings reveal that managerial competence, digital adoption, and organizational behavior significantly and positively affect the optimization of INA-CBGs claims. Furthermore, the implementation of the National Health Insurance Program policy strengthens these relationships, enhancing claim efficiency and equity. The results align with the Resource-Based View theory, highlighting the strategic role of internal resources in achieving organizational performance. Managerial implications include capacity building for managers, integration of hospital information systems (SIMRS) with e-Claim platforms, and fostering collaborative organizational culture. Overall, the study underscores the importance of managerial, technological, and behavioral factors, moderated by policy implementation, in improving hospital claim optimization under the INA-CBGs system.

This article aims to analyze the role of human resource management in improving organizational performance and formulate strategic recommendations based on improvements in human resource management practices. The theoretical foundations used include strategic human resource management theory, organizational performance theory, and work motivation theory, which are used to examine the functions of workforce planning, competency development, performance appraisal, and reward systems. This study employed a qualitative, descriptive-analytical approach, with data collection techniques including in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and documentation studies. Data analysis was conducted using an interactive qualitative analysis model that encompasses data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The analysis results indicate that workforce planning based on organizational needs, continuous competency development, an objective performance appraisal system, and a performance-based reward system are directly related to increased effectiveness, productivity, and stability of organizational performance. Furthermore, efforts to improve human resource management practices through policy evaluation, strengthening strategic planning, enhancing internal communication, and data-driven decision-making have proven to be a strong foundation for formulating strategic recommendations for the organization. The study's conclusions confirm that the systematic and strategic integration of human resource management functions is a key factor in achieving sustainable organizational performance and adapting to changes in the work environment.

The challenges of modernity, including the secularization of knowledge, the fragmentation of values, and the increasingly pragmatic and utilitarian orientation of education, require a fundamental renewal of Islamic educational philosophy. In practice, Islamic education is often confined to normative and textualistic approaches that emphasize the transmission of doctrinal knowledge, which limits its responsiveness to social dynamics, scientific developments, and contemporary needs. This condition weakens the critical capacity of Islamic education in shaping individuals who are faithful, rational, and morally integrated. Accordingly, this study aims to examine Islamic educational philosophy from the perspective of critical thought reconstruction as an effort to address the challenges of modernity without shifting the fundamental principles of faith that serve as its normative foundation. This study employs a theoretical research approach through library research, using qualitative analysis of academic books, peer-reviewed journal articles, and relevant scholarly works on Islamic educational philosophy and critical thought. The analysis focuses on the ontological, epistemological, and axiological dimensions of Islamic education within the framework of critical reconstruction. The findings indicate that the reconstruction of Islamic educational philosophy is both an epistemological and practical necessity in responding to modern challenges. This reconstruction is not directed toward the domain of ʿaqīdah, which is qaṭʿī and normative in nature, but rather toward renewing modes of thinking, operational value systems, and educational practices. Consequently, Islamic education should function not merely at a normative level but as an effective instrument for individual and social transformation.

The agricultural sector is a vital pillar in maintaining food security and enhancing the livelihoods of rural communities. In an effort to improve agricultural productivity, the Government of Lamongan Regency, through the Food Security and Agriculture Agency (DKPP), has implemented the Agricultural Facilities and Infrastructure Provision and Development Program. This program is designed to strengthen agricultural production capacity by supporting the availability of farming machinery, improving irrigation networks, and developing farm access roads. Despite its strategic importance, the program’s implementation continues to encounter various obstacles, including constrained budget availability, unequal distribution of agricultural facilities, reliance on rain-fed irrigation systems, substandard farm road infrastructure, and limited intensity of agricultural extension services. This research aims to examine the implementation of the Agricultural Facilities and Infrastructure Provision and Development Program in Sukodadi Village, Sukodadi District, Lamongan Regency. The study adopts a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing data collected through in-depth interviews, direct field observations, and document review. Analysis is conducted using the Van Meter and Van Horn policy implementation framework, which emphasizes six key variables: policy standards and objectives, resource adequacy, characteristics of implementing organizations, inter-organizational communication, implementer disposition, and social, economic, and political conditions. The results reveal that although policy standards and objectives are well defined, program execution remains suboptimal due to limited resources and insufficient institutional support at the operational level. Consequently, stronger coordination among implementing actors and improved resource optimization are necessary to achieve more effective and sustainable agricultural development outcomes.  

The juridical issues concern the limits of military criminal jurisdiction, patterns of sentencing for soldiers, command responsibility, and their implications for the principles of civilian supremacy and equality before the law. This study aims to analyze the implications and provide a comparative assessment of the expansion of the Indonesian National Armed Forces’ (TNI) authority following Law Number 3 of 2025 concerning the Amendment to Law Number 34 of 2004, particularly in relation to the addition of civilian positions that may be occupied by active-duty soldiers and the expansion of Military Operations Other Than War (OMSP). This research employs a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, using data sources in the form of legislation as well as national and international legal literature, which are analyzed qualitatively with deductive reasoning in drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that, first, the criminal law implications of the post-expansion of the TNI’s authority and roles give rise to the potential emergence of official offenses (delicta propria), particularly in the implementation of OMSP and the assignment of active-duty soldiers to civilian positions, which may generate ambiguity in judicial forums and criminal accountability; and second, a comparison with the military sentencing systems in the Netherlands and the United States demonstrates the importance of clear classification of offenses, a clearer separation between military jurisdiction and civilian courts, and the strengthening of due process of law, as well as effective civilian oversight to ensure the professionalism and legal certainty of the TNI.

Public service in the transportation sector plays a strategic role in ensuring public safety and comfort, particularly through roadworthiness testing (Kir) for public transportation. This study aims to analyze the implementation of public services in roadworthiness testing at the Bandar Lampung City Transportation Agency and to identify the factors influencing its service quality. The research employs a qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results indicate that the roadworthiness testing has been implemented systematically in accordance with statutory regulations, covering the stages of registration, technical inspection, result determination, and administrative completion. The application of technical inspections and on-field safety inspections (ramp checks) demonstrates the local government's commitment to improving public service quality and transportation safety. However, the implementation still faces several obstacles, including technological system disruptions, long waiting times, limited testing facilities and infrastructure, and a lack of understanding among some service users regarding the importance of roadworthiness. This study concludes that enhancing public services in roadworthiness testing requires strengthening the service systems, increasing human resource capacity, and raising public awareness to ensure services operate more effectively and remain oriented toward the public interest

This study investigates the influence of Apparatus Competency and Information Systems on Community Political Participation in the Local Government Head Election during the COVID-19 pandemic era in Karawang Regency. The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges to democratic processes, particularly in maintaining voter participation while ensuring public health safety. Employing a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative and qualitative data with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis, this research analyzed data from 263 respondents across various election administrative units. The results indicate that: (1) Apparatus Competency does not have a significant positive effect on Community Political Participation (T-value = 1.01 < 1.96); (2) Information Systems have a significant positive effect on Community Political Participation (T-value = 2.78 > 1.96; path coefficient = 0.67). The combined contribution of both variables explains 76% of the variance in political participation. From these findings, the study proposes the Skills Democracy Model, emphasizing that digital information skills and organizational experience are critical determinants of democratic participation quality during pandemic conditions. These findings have significant implications for election governance reform and e-democracy development in Indonesia.

This study aims to examine the influence of non-performing loans (NPLs) on the financial performance of KSP Kopdit Hiro Heling, Maumere Branch, during the period 2020–2024. Non-performing loans are among the most critical issues faced by credit unions, as they can disrupt liquidity, reduce income, and negatively affect the distribution of the Remaining Operating Results (SHU). The research adopts a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data sources include both primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected through direct interviews with the General Manager and Manager of KSP Kopdit Hiro Heling, Maumere Branch, while secondary data consist of loan disbursement records and NPL statistics covering the 2020–2024 period. The findings reveal that the level of non-performing loans fluctuated throughout the study period, directly impacting the cooperative’s financial performance. These fluctuations affected liquidity and SHU, which also varied annually. An increase in NPLs led to a decline in SHU due to reduced interest income and rising uncollectible receivables, whereas a decrease in NPLs contributed to improved SHU and enhanced financial stability. Interviews further indicated that NPLs were influenced by members’ limited repayment capacity, misuse of loans, weak monitoring, and external factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic and members’ economic conditions. The study concludes that higher levels of NPLs increase the risk of declining financial performance and SHU. Therefore, KSP Kopdit Hiro Heling, Maumere Branch, must strengthen creditworthiness analysis, improve monitoring and member assistance, and enhance collection systems to mitigate NPLs and safeguard financial stability in the future.

This final report aimed to analyze the service quality gap in ship agency services in determining customer satisfaction levels at PT Maumere Bahari Express. The study was conducted as part of the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) internship program using a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through interviews with management, employees, and service users (ship crew), direct observation of service processes, and company document review. The analysis was carried out based on the service quality gap model, which includes gaps between customer expectations and management perceptions, management perceptions and service quality specifications, service specifications and service delivery, service delivery and external communication, as well as the gap between expected service and service received by customers.. The results showed that several service gaps still existed in the services, particularly related to administrative speed, clarity of information, service operational standards, as well internal coordination and communication. These gaps affected the level of customer satisfaction, which had not yet been optimal. Therefore, PT Maumere Bahari Express needed to make improvements through strengthening management commitment to service quality, refining standard operating procedures, and enhancini internal and external communication systems in order to improve customer satisfaction sustainably..

The success of this program is highly influenced by the quality of regional planning coordinated by the Regional Development Planning, Research, and Innovation Agency. This research aimed to identify and analyze the role of the Regional Development Planning, Research, and Innovation Agency in planning the handling of uninhabitable houses, understand the stages of the planning process, and determine the factors that influence its effectiveness. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach through observation, interviews, documentation, and literature study during the internship period in the Infrastructure and Regional Development Division. The results showed that the Regional Development Planning, Research, and Innovation Agency has carried out its functions as a facilitator, verifier, and evaluator by integrating the uninhabitable houses program into the Regional Medium-Term Development Plan, the Regional Government Work Plan, and the Strategic Plans of regional agencies. However, several obstacles were still encountered, including limited budget allocation, delays and inaccuracies in data, inadequate human resource capacity, and suboptimal coordination among stakeholders. Therefore, it was necessary to improve institutional capacity, strengthen information systems, and enhance cross-sectoral synergy so that the planning for handling uninhabitable houses can be implemented more effectively, accurately targeted, and sustainably.

This study aims to analyze the quality of granulated sugar products at PT Madukismo Yogyakarta using the Six Sigma methodology through the DMAIC approach (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control). The main problems identified involve high variations in product quality and significant defects, particularly related to moisture content (less dry) and off-color products. Production and defect data from May 2023 to September 2024 were used to calculate DPMO and sigma levels as indicators of process performance. The results show that the sigma level ranges from 4.48 to 5.03, with the highest DPMO recorded at 1,456.76 and the lowest at 205.55, indicating that the process has not yet achieved Six Sigma performance. Pareto analysis reveals that color defects (58.4%) contribute the most to overall defects. The Fishbone diagram analysis indicates that defect causes originate from factors related to manpower, method, material, machine, measurement, and environment. Improvement recommendations include digitalizing monitoring systems, enhancing SOPs, upgrading operator competencies, modernizing machinery, improving raw material management, and strengthening environmental control systems. These improvements are expected to reduce DPMO to below 500 and increase the sigma level to at least 5.2. This study concludes that the Six Sigma approach is effective in identifying quality issues and formulating strategies to improve the quality of granulated sugar products at PT Madukismo.

The development of electronic commerce (e-commerce) in Indonesia has grown rapidly alongside the increased use of digital technology by the public. While offering convenience and efficiency in transactions, e-commerce also presents various legal challenges that may harm consumers, such as unclear product information, personal data breaches, and weak dispute resolution mechanisms. These conditions highlight the importance of consumer legal protection in digital transactions. This study aims to analyze consumer legal protection in e-commerce transactions, focusing on existing challenges and legal remedies based on Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and Government Regulation Number 80 of 2019 on Trade Through Electronic Systems. The research employs a qualitative method with a normative juridical approach. Data were collected through literature review of primary legal materials, including laws and regulations, as well as secondary materials such as journals, books, articles, and other relevant sources. The findings indicate that consumer legal protection in Indonesian e-commerce transactions has an adequate legal foundation. Law Number 8 of 1999 serves as the main basis for protecting consumer rights, while Government Regulation Number 80 of 2019 strengthens regulations in response to digital commerce developments. However, implementation remains challenging, particularly regarding supervision and consistent law enforcement. Therefore, stronger government involvement, increased responsibility of e-commerce businesses, and improved consumer awareness are needed to achieve effective and sustainable consumer protection.

This study aims to describe the implementation of learning methods, assessment systems, and learning evaluation in the Philosophy of Science course at STAI Al-Andina Sukabumi, particularly for first-semester students. The research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with the course lecturer to explore the rationale for selecting the lecture method, assessment practices, and evaluation strategies applied in the learning process. The findings indicate that the lecture method combined with guided discussion was chosen as an adaptive strategy to help students develop a conceptual foundation for abstract and theoretical material. The assessment system places greater emphasis on student attendance and participation as a form of process-oriented assessment that encourages active engagement. Learning evaluation is conducted continuously through technology-based quizzes to monitor students’ understanding progressively. These results suggest that the Philosophy of Science learning process at STAI Al-Andina has adopted a contextual and formative pedagogical approach; however, further development of more varied assessment and evaluation methods is still needed to accommodate students’ diverse abilities.

This study compares curriculum strategies in Indonesia, Finland, Singapore, Japan, and the United States to identify common goals and distinctive approaches in facing global educational challenges. Using a qualitative descriptive method through library research, data were collected from academic journals, policy documents, and official reports. The findings show that all five countries view the curriculum as a strategic tool for developing human resources with 21st-century skills, such as critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and communication, while also emphasizing character education. Indonesia's curriculum has evolved into the flexible and student-centered Merdeka Curriculum, though challenges remain in teacher readiness and regional disparities. Finland applies a trust-based and holistic approach centered on equality and teacher autonomy. Singapore implements a systematic and adaptive curriculum guided by the vision of "Thinking Schools, Learning Nation." Japan emphasizes stability, discipline, and moral education, while the United States adopts a decentralized and innovative system focused on inclusivity and competency-based learning.

Interoperability remains one of the most persistent challenges in digital health systems globally, affecting the continuity, quality, and efficiency of care. Electronic Medical Records (EMR) managers are central to implementing and sustaining EMR systems, yet their experiences navigating interoperability challenges are poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of EMR managers and to develop a conceptual understanding of the barriers and coping strategies involved. A qualitative phenomenological approach was employed, guided by van Manen’s interpretive framework. The study involved 21 EMR managers from public and private hospitals across three major healthcare networks. Participants were selected through purposive and snowball sampling, with inclusion criteria requiring at least two years of EMR management experience and involvement in interoperability efforts. Data were collected via in-depth, semi-structured interviews conducted virtually between September and November 2025. Each interview lasted 45–60 minutes, was audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and member-checked. Data were analyzed thematically using NVivo 14, following Braun and Clarke’s six-step method. Reflexivity, triangulation, and peer debriefing ensured methodological rigor, in accordance with COREQ and SRQR standards. Four overarching themes emerged: (1) Fragmented Systems, reflecting technical and architectural incompatibilities across platforms; (2) Role Strain and Isolation, describing limited authority and institutional support; (3) Adaptive Workarounds, highlighting informal coping strategies such as manual data tracking; and (4) Systemic Barriers, pointing to policy volatility and vendor resistance. A conceptual “feedback loop of fragmentation” was developed, illustrating how these themes interact to perpetuate interoperability challenges. EMR managers operate as critical yet often overlooked actors in the pursuit of health system interoperability. Supporting their role through policy stability, resource investment, and participatory system design is essential. Future digital health reforms must integrate managerial perspectives to build resilient and connected health information systems.