A Comparative Analysis of Curriculum Strategies in Five Countries: Indonesia, Finland, Singapore, Japan, and the United States

Hamiya Bintyelyes ; Miss Fatonah Sani ; Marhamah Marhamah
Publikasi Para ahli Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris 📅 2026 Vol 4, No 1 🔗 DOI: 10.61132/sintaksis.v4i1.2553
Abstract
This study compares curriculum strategies in Indonesia, Finland, Singapore, Japan, and the United States to identify common goals and distinctive approaches in facing global educational challenges. Using a qualitative descriptive method through library research, data were collected from academic journals, policy documents, and official reports. The findings show that all five countries view the curriculum as a strategic tool for developing human resources with 21st-century skills, such as critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and communication, while also emphasizing character education. Indonesia's curriculum has evolved into the flexible and student-centered Merdeka Curriculum, though challenges remain in teacher readiness and regional disparities. Finland applies a trust-based and holistic approach centered on equality and teacher autonomy. Singapore implements a systematic and adaptive curriculum guided by the vision of "Thinking Schools, Learning Nation." Japan emphasizes stability, discipline, and moral education, while the United States adopts a decentralized and innovative system focused on inclusivity and competency-based learning.
Keywords
21st-Century Skills; Comparative Education; Curriculum Development; Curriculum Strategy; International Education Systems
How to Cite

Hamiya Bintyelyes, et al. (2026). A Comparative Analysis of Curriculum Strategies in Five Countries: Indonesia, Finland, Singapore, Japan, and the United States. Publikasi Para ahli Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.61132/sintaksis.v4i1.2553

Hamiya Bintyelyes; Miss Fatonah Sani; Marhamah Marhamah, "A Comparative Analysis of Curriculum Strategies in Five Countries: Indonesia, Finland, Singapore, Japan, and the United States," Publikasi Para ahli Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris, vol. 4, no. 1, 2026.

Hamiya Bintyelyes; Miss Fatonah Sani; Marhamah Marhamah. "A Comparative Analysis of Curriculum Strategies in Five Countries: Indonesia, Finland, Singapore, Japan, and the United States." Publikasi Para ahli Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris, vol. 4, no. 1, 2026.

Hamiya Bintyelyes; Miss Fatonah Sani; Marhamah Marhamah. "A Comparative Analysis of Curriculum Strategies in Five Countries: Indonesia, Finland, Singapore, Japan, and the United States." Publikasi Para ahli Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris 4, no. 1 (2026).

Hamiya Bintyelyes, et al. (2026) 'A Comparative Analysis of Curriculum Strategies in Five Countries: Indonesia, Finland, Singapore, Japan, and the United States', Publikasi Para ahli Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris, 4(1). doi: 10.61132/sintaksis.v4i1.2553.

Hamiya Bintyelyes; Miss Fatonah Sani; Marhamah Marhamah. A Comparative Analysis of Curriculum Strategies in Five Countries: Indonesia, Finland, Singapore, Japan, and the United States. Publikasi Para ahli Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris. 2026;4(1).

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