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Waste management in Indonesia continues to face serious challenges, with waste generation reaching around 68 million tonnes per year, while the traditional landfill-based approach has become increasingly ineffective and unsustainable. This study aims to: (1) analyse the policy strategies of local government in implementing Integrated Waste Treatment Facilities (IWTFs) in Sidoarjo Regency; (2) identify the key success factors of the IWTF programme; (3) evaluate its impact on waste reduction and community participation; and (4) propose an effective governance model that can serve as best practice for other regions. Using a qualitative single case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with local government officials, IWTF managers, and community leaders, as well as field observations at five IWTF sites and a review of relevant policy documents. Thematic analysis was applied within the framework of policy implementation and collaborative governance theories. The results show that IWTF success in Sidoarjo was driven by four main factors: strong political commitment supported by adequate budget allocation, a collaborative partnership between government, community, and private sector, community empowerment through economic incentives via waste banks, and a structured monitoring–evaluation system. The IWTF programme has reduced landfill waste by 35%, increased public waste-sorting participation from 20% to 68%, and generated IDR 2.4 billion annually from recycling activities. Overall, Sidoarjo’s IWTF initiative demonstrates that sustainable waste management can be achieved through decentralized, participatory, and collaborative governance backed by consistent policy and institutional capacity.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in Indonesia’s economic development, particularly in job creation, income distribution, and tax revenue contribution. To support MSMEs and encourage formal tax participation, the government issued Government Regulation (PP) No. 23 of 2018, which reduced the Final Income Tax (PPh Final) rate from 1% to 0.5% of gross turnover. This policy aims to increase tax compliance, reduce administrative burdens, and expand the national tax base. This study analyzes the impact of the implementation of the Final Income Tax policy on MSME taxpayer compliance, focusing on reporting and payment behavior. The findings indicate that the tax rate reduction positively influences compliance levels among MSME taxpayers. However, several challenges persist, including limited understanding of tax procedures, lack of socialization, and low digital literacy related to tax systems. Therefore, beyond lowering tax rates, continuous education, mentoring, and the enhancement of digital-based tax services are necessary to strengthen voluntary compliance. This policy is considered a strategic initiative in improving Indonesia’s tax system and supporting sustainable economic growth driven by the MSME sector.

Diarrhea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five, particularly in developing countries like Indonesia. To reduce the incidence of diarrhea, the government has implemented a policy to prevent it by administering rotavirus vaccination. To determine the relationship between rotavirus vaccination and the incidence of diarrhea in infants in Sadai sub-district, the working area of UPT Puskesmas Sei Panas, Batam City in 2024. This study was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach to 72 infants who received rotavirus vaccination.The implementation time starts on October 23 to November 06, 2024. Sampling using cluster random sampling technique. Measurement tools using questionnaires and observation sheets. Analysis of the data used is the chi square test. The study obtained rotavirus vaccination as many as 40 infants (55.6%), the incidence of moderate diarrhea as many as 37 infants (51.4%). Chi-Square test results showed the value of p value = 2.167. Because of the value (p value 2.167 > 0.05), this relationship is not statistically significant. There is no significant relationship between rotavirus vaccination and the incidence of diarrhea in infants in Sadai Village working area of UPT Puskesmas Sei Panas Batam City in 2024.

The Israel–Palestine conflict continues to generate widespread human rights violations, yet international responses are often fragmented due to the political dominance of developed nations, raising critical questions about the effectiveness of human rights protection. This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of how such dominance, particularly the use of veto power in the UN Security Council and the provision of direct political and military support, it affects the asymmetry of civilian protection and delays the cessation of hostilities. Using a doctrinal method with normative–qualitative analysis of resolutions, official reports, and global justice frameworks, this research also evaluates the effectiveness of normative diplomacy carried out by Indonesia and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) in promoting ceasefires, accountability, and victim recovery. The findings indicate that vetoes and material support create systemic barriers to compliance with humanitarian law, significantly weakening efforts to protect human rights. Nevertheless, Indonesia’s and the OIC’s consistent diplomacy contributes to mobilizing international support, although their policy leverage remains limited in the absence of concrete enforcement mechanisms. The main implication of this study underscores the urgent need for a stronger architecture of global compliance, including restrictions on arms support that prolong conflict, conditioning international aid on human rights compliance, ensuring humanitarian access, and reinforcing the implementation of rulings and provisional measures of international judicial bodies, in pursuit of effective accountability and human rights protection.

This study examines the interplay between administrative ethics and bureaucratic decision-making within the governance landscape of Pulang Pisau Regency through a structured literature analysis. Anchored in the theoretical frameworks of Administrative Ethics Theory, Bureaucratic Decision-Making Theory, and Good Governance, this research synthesizes classical and contemporary scholarly works to identify the determinants, challenges, and institutional dynamics that influence ethical decision processes in local bureaucracy. The method employs a qualitative narrative literature review, involving systematic identification, screening, quality assessment, and thematic extraction of relevant academic sources published in the last two decades. Findings indicate that ethical norms, integrity, organizational culture, leadership morality, and institutional control mechanisms significantly shape the rationality, consistency, and legitimacy of bureaucratic decisions. Furthermore, the literature reveals that external pressures, conflict of interest, inadequate regulatory enforcement, and limited administrative capacity remain persistent barriers to the implementation of ethical governance in regional administrations. The study also highlights the essential role of participatory governance, digitalization, and internal accountability frameworks in strengthening ethical consistency across bureaucratic processes. These insights position administrative ethics as a crucial foundation for promoting transparency, fairness, and public trust in local government institutions. The paper concludes that strengthening administrative ethics requires integrated institutional reforms, long-term commitment, and the internalization of ethical values at both organizational and individual levels. The implications of this research extend to policy formulation, bureaucratic capacity-building, and future empirical studies on ethical governance in decentralized contexts.

This research aims to develop a digital-based governance model for village finance to support the realization of a Smart and Green Village. The study analyzes how digital transformation in village finance management can increase transparency, accountability, and efficiency, while promoting sustainability-oriented budgeting and environmental practices. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was used to identify, evaluate, and synthesize scientific publications from 2022 to 2025, accessed through reputable databases such as ScienceDirect, Springer, Wiley, Taylor & Francis, SAGE, ACM, and IEEE. The review focused on topics including digital governance in villages, digital public finance, smart village development, green budgeting, environmental sustainability, and rural digital transformation. Findings indicate that digital-based village finance governance enhances administrative efficiency, strengthens budget transparency through real-time monitoring, minimizes financial deviation risks, and boosts public participation in fiscal accountability. Integrating digital systems with green budgeting features enables the prioritization of sustainable programs, such as renewable energy, waste management, climate change mitigation, and green infrastructure development. The study suggests a comprehensive digital-based governance model that includes e-budgeting, e-accounting, digital payment systems, public transparency dashboards, and environmental performance indicators to support the implementation of a Smart and Green Village. This research offers strategic insights for village governments, policymakers, and practitioners on the importance of adopting digital governance tools to improve financial management and strengthen sustainable development at the local level.

The digital transformation of Indonesia’s judiciary through the e-Court system represents a Supreme Court initiative to realize the principles of speed, simplicity, and affordability as mandated by Article 2(4) of Law No. 48 of 2009 on Judicial Power. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of these principles in the implementation of e-Court, particularly in civil cases at District Courts. The research employs a juridical-normative and juridical-empirical approach, collecting data through literature review, document analysis, and interviews with court officials, lawyers, and litigants. The findings indicate that e- Court significantly accelerates case administration, claim submission, and inter-party communication, reflecting a faster and more efficient adjudication process. Nevertheless, challenges remain, including technological infrastructure limitations, digital literacy disparities, and regional inconsistencies in implementation. Furthermore, although case fees have become more affordable, accessibility for people in remote areas continues to hinder procedural simplicity. The study concludes that e-Court has positively contributed to realizing the principles of speed, simplicity, and low cost, yet further policy reinforcement, equitable digital infrastructure, and human resource development are necessary to achieve an inclusive and just digital judiciary.

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play an important role in public policy networks as representatives of community interests, government partners, and advocacy actors. This study aims to analyze the role of NGOs in public policy networks in Garut Regency, as well as the challenges faced in increasing their contribution to policy formulation and implementation. The study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive-analytical methods. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies of actors involved in the policy network. The results show that NGO involvement is still symbolic, power relations between actors are not yet equal, NGO institutional capacity is limited, and coordination within the policy network is less than optimal. The lack of regulatory support also weakens the position of NGOs in the public policy process. This study concludes that strengthening the role of NGOs through institutionalizing their involvement, developing regulations, increasing capacity, and establishing equal partnership patterns are important steps to improve the effectiveness of public policy networks in Garut Regency.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of internal control in the receivables audit process and evaluate its effectiveness in minimizing the risk of bad debts in a health center environment. Receivables, especially those originating from health services to JKN participants and general patients, can cause problematic receivables if not managed effectively. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection through observation, interviews and documentation review during the audit by a public accounting firm. The results of the study indicate that there are still weaknesses in the internal control structure such as suboptimal separation of duties, an unintegrated receivables information system and a weak bad debt reserve policy. In addition, late payments by third parties and poor patient administration knowledge are also external factors that influence the high risk of bad debts. Therefore, improving the internal control system, implementing information technology and strengthening coordination with the guarantor are very important to reduce the risk of bad debts and increase accountability for financial management in the health center environment.

The digital transformation of education in Indonesia presents both strategic opportunities and significant ethical challenges. On the one hand, technological innovation expands access, effectiveness, and quality of learning; on the other hand, it risks creating social disparities, the commercialization of education, and the reduction of human values. In this context, Pancasila is considered relevant as an ethical paradigm that guides the direction of digital transformation to remain grounded in humanity, social justice, and sustainability. This study aims to analyze Pancasila as an ethical framework for directing the development of educational technology in Indonesia. The method employed is a literature review with a qualitative-descriptive approach, drawing on philosophical sources, educational policy documents, and practices of digital technology implementation at various educational levels. The analysis reveals that the values of Pancasila, particularly the second and fifth principles, can serve as normative foundations for shaping policies, design, and practices of educational technology that are humanistic, inclusive, and equitable. The study concludes that integrating the Pancasila paradigm is not only ideologically essential but also strategically significant in ensuring that the digital transformation of education in Indonesia aligns with national objectives and human dignity.

This study aims to formulate an integrative conceptual framework regarding the role of research methods in the formation of evidence-based village policy (EBP). The main focus is how qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods research can be used to produce more inclusive, transparent, and accountable policies in the context of village development in Indonesia. This study uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach to scientific publications indexed by Scopus, Web of Science, and SINTA for the period 2015–2025. The literature synthesis shows that research methods play a crucial role in identifying village community needs, improving data quality, and strengthening accountability in the policy formulation process. The EBP approach has been shown to encourage citizen participation, increase transparency in village fund allocation, and minimize the dominance of short-term political interests. However, its implementation faces challenges such as limited capacity of village officials, inadequate data infrastructure, and low policy literacy at the local level. These findings are relevant for strengthening village capacity in managing development funds, developing policies based on the real needs of residents, and promoting social accountability. This article makes a new contribution to the local public policy literature by emphasizing the importance of research as an instrument for strengthening village governance.

This research analyzes the strategic role of the Non-Governmental Intermediary (NGI) in bridging farmers and the government to accelerate the implementation of Agrarian Reform (RA) in Indonesia. Sharp agrarian inequality, driven by colonial legacy, land control by corporations/elites, and slow RA due to bureaucratic complexity, overlapping authorities, and information gaps, creates an urgent need for new collaboration mechanisms. NGIs fill this void by performing a multidimensional role: Dialogue Facilitator to reduce information asymmetry; Technical Assistant through Participatory Mapping and valid administrative document preparation; Community-Based Agrarian Conflict Mediator; Independent Monitor for accountability; and Policy Advocate. A New Institutional Model based on Hybrid Governance is proposed, formally integrating the state, NGIs, and farming communities, supported by Technological Integration for transparent participatory spatial data. This model must be realized through Institutionalized Partnership (MoU/Presidential Regulation) to ensure legitimacy and sustainability. Key challenges include bureaucratic resistance, NGO stigma, and local elite conflicts of interest, but strengthening the NGI role presents opportunities through enhanced public accountability and technical innovation. In conclusion, the successful acceleration of RA hinges on the formal legal recognition and capacity building of NGIs as official actors within the RA institutional framework.

Village-Owned Enterprises are pivotal in driving village development through sustainable management of local resources. This study analyzes the management of Unggul Bahtera BUMDes in Babakan Village, Banyumas Regency, focusing on planning, organizing, implementation, and evaluation, as well as the factors that support and hinder its progress. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, data were gathered through interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings reveal that while BUMDes Unggul Bahtera has demonstrated effective planning and implementation, marked by participatory strategies and strong institutional coordination, it faces challenges in evaluation, particularly in enhancing supervision and reporting mechanisms. Key supporting factors include strong village government backing and active community participation, whereas limitations in human resources and business capital pose significant challenges. This research provides valuable insights into the management of BUMDes and highlights the importance of addressing evaluation gaps to ensure long-term sustainability. The findings are expected to serve as a reference for other villages in managing BUMDes more professionally and sustainably, promoting inclusive economic development. By identifying best practices and areas for improvement, this study contributes to enhancing the role of BUMDes in fostering rural economic growth and community empowerment. Ultimately, it offers practical recommendations for policymakers and practitioners seeking to optimize BUMDes performance.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of mangrove rehabilitation policies after Cyclone Seroja in West Oesapa Village, Kupang City, using Merilee S. Grindle's policy implementation theory and the principles of good governance. Mangrove rehabilitation is a crucial step in the recovery of coastal ecosystems affected by disasters, but in practice it often faces various obstacles, both in terms of institutions, coordination between actors, and community participation. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through in-depth interviews with nine informants consisting of representatives of government agencies (DLHK, BKSDA), field supervisors, NGO administrators, RT heads, and local communities. Data analysis was carried out by referring to two main variables of Grindle's theory, namely policy content and implementation context, which were then combined with governance principles such as coordination, participation, transparency, effectiveness, and accountability. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the mangrove rehabilitation policy in West Oesapa does not fully reflect the principles of good governance. Coordination between actors is not optimal, community participation is still passive, and post-implementation monitoring mechanisms have not been implemented. The dominance of technical implementers and minimal community involvement in planning are major obstacles to achieving program sustainability. Therefore, strengthening collaborative governance and community empowerment is needed to ensure effective and sustainable mangrove rehabilitation.

This community service activity was carried out by lecturers of the College of Administrative Sciences (STIA) Satya Negara Palembang as part of fulfilling the obligations of the Tridarma of Higher Education, specifically in the aspect of community service. This program aims to increase citizen participation in public service evaluation by implementing a web-based digital suggestion box system at the Palembang City Tourism Office. This activity is motivated by the low effectiveness of conventional suggestion boxes, which are often less transparent, difficult to access, and slow to implement. Through a participatory approach and the use of digital technology, this system is designed to enable people to convey their aspirations, criticisms, and suggestions online with guaranteed identity confidentiality. The results of the implementation showed a significant increase in the number of suggestions, a reduction in response time from seven to two working days, and a community satisfaction rate of 92.74%. The implementation of this system also forms a more open and participatory pattern of public communication between the community and local governments. This activity has practical, academic, and policy implications as a model for implementing digital participatory governance that supports the principles of good governance and digital transformation of public services.

This community service activity was carried out by lecturers of the College of Administrative Sciences (STIA) Satya Negara Palembang as part of fulfilling the obligations of the Tridarma of Higher Education, specifically in the aspect of community service. This program aims to increase citizen participation in public service evaluation by implementing a web-based digital suggestion box system at the Palembang City Tourism Office. This activity is motivated by the low effectiveness of conventional suggestion boxes, which are often less transparent, difficult to access, and slow to implement. Through a participatory approach and the use of digital technology, this system is designed to enable people to convey their aspirations, criticisms, and suggestions online with guaranteed identity confidentiality. The results of the implementation showed a significant increase in the number of suggestions, a reduction in response time from seven to two working days, and a community satisfaction rate of 92.74%. The implementation of this system also forms a more open and participatory pattern of public communication between the community and local governments. This activity has practical, academic, and policy implications as a model for implementing digital participatory governance that supports the principles of good governance and digital transformation of public services.

This study aims to analyze the effect of cum and ex-dividend dates and company size on stock prices using the Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) as a moderating variable. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis with moderating variables on companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This research is based on signaling theory, which states that dividend information can serve as a signal for investors in making investment decisions. The results of the study indicate that all independent and moderating variables in the model simultaneously have a significant influence on stock prices. This suggests that the regression model used in this study is valid and can comprehensively explain stock price variations. This study implies that companies need to develop a more structured financial communication strategy, particularly in the disclosure of dividend information. Not only should the timing of dividend distribution be communicated, but the number of dividends to be distributed should also be clearly communicated to strengthen investor response. The implementation of this strategy must be accompanied by compliance with OJK and IDX regulations to maintain market confidence and increase the value of company shares.

The effectiveness of the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in enforcing international humanitarian law related to war crimes and forced displacement in Gaza faces complex challenges. Although the ICJ has international legal authority to adjudicate violations of international obligations, the implementation of ICJ decisions, in particular provisional measures that have been issued regarding Gaza, are often ignored by Israel. This non-compliance is further complicated by global political factors, especially the United States' support for the temporary relocation policy of Gazans which exacerbates patterns of forced displacement. This research uses a normative juridical method, with a focus on studying international legal norms, such as the 1945 Statute of the International Court of Justice, the 1949 Geneva Convention IV, and the 1998 Rome Statute. A conceptual approach is used to dissect the concept of the effectiveness of the ICJ's jurisdiction, while a case approach is applied in analyzing the application of the ICJ's jurisdiction to the post-2023 Gaza conflict. political domination of big countries. Therefore, strengthening the ICJ's jurisdiction requires effective compliance system reform and firmer political support from the international community so that the ICJ does not simply become a normative symbol.  

The doctrine of Sola Scriptura, which positions Scripture as the supreme authority in matters of faith and practice, has been a foundational pillar for Protestant Christianity. However, its application within the dynamic context of modern Christian Religious Education (CRE) faces significant challenges that necessitate a critical evaluation. This study employs a qualitative research method with a descriptive-analytical approach to comprehensively investigate the interplay between this theological principle and contemporary educational praxis. The research is conducted by systematically gathering and analyzing a wide range of textual sources, including seminal theological works on Sola Scriptura, current CRE curricula, relevant scholarly articles, and educational policy documents. The analysis describes the core tenets of the principle as historically understood, followed by an examination of its practical implementation in educational settings. The study identifies and elucidates key challenges, such as the rise of historical-critical biblical interpretation, increasing religious pluralism, the pervasive influence of secularism, and the pedagogical shift towards student-centered learning models that prioritize personal experience. The findings reveal a critical tension between the exclusive truth claims inherent in Sola Scriptura and the inclusive, relativistic environment of the modern world. The study concludes that for CRE to remain relevant and effective, it must develop thoughtful pedagogical strategies that faithfully uphold the authority of Scripture while simultaneously engaging with these contemporary challenges. This necessitates a move beyond a mere transmission of doctrine towards fostering a critical and reflective faith among learners, enabling them to navigate the complexities of the modern age.

This study aims to explore collaborative management between local governments, educational institutions, and communities in improving the quality of basic education in Sidoarjo Regency. The background of this research stems from the increasing need for an adaptive, participatory, and sustainable education system in the era of decentralization, where intersectoral collaboration is key to realizing quality and equitable education. Sidoarjo Regency, as a region with rapid economic and social growth, faces obstacles in the distribution of quality basic education, particularly related to community participation, policy collaboration, and human resource capacity building at the school level. This study applies a qualitative approach through a case study method, involving resource persons from the Sidoarjo Regency Education Office, principals, teachers, school committees, and the education community. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and analysis of regional education policy documents. Research findings indicate that collaboration between various actors has successfully improved education quality through community-based learning mentoring programs, teacher training, and innovative policies in school management. However, the implementation of collaboration continues to face obstacles such as lack of coordination between agencies, budget constraints, and ineffective joint program evaluation. The study concludes that successful collaborative management requires shared commitment, transparent communication, and ongoing policy support. Research recommendations emphasize the importance of enhancing intersectoral collaboration capacity, local education dialogue forums, and performance-based evaluation systems to maintain the sustainability of basic education quality in Sidoarjo Regency.