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The selection of appropriate solvents in sterile injection formulations plays a pivotal role in determining the stability, efficacy, and safety of pharmaceutical products. Among the commonly utilized solvents, Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO), Polyethylene Glycol (PEG), and pyrogen-free water exhibit distinct physicochemical properties and functional roles. This study aims to analyze the characteristics, functions, and implications of these three solvents within the context of sterile injectable preparations. The research methodology involves a comprehensive review of six peer-reviewed scientific articles published within the last five years, focusing on solvent performance, compatibility, and safety profiles. Findings reveal that DMSO is highly effective in dissolving lipophilic compounds due to its strong solvating capacity. However, its use at elevated concentrations may lead to irritation and cytotoxicity, necessitating careful dosage regulation. PEG, particularly in its flexible molecular weight variants, serves as a co-solvent and viscosity modifier, enhancing solubility and stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Pyrogen-free water, characterized by its inertness and biocompatibility, remains the gold standard for injection solvents, offering minimal risk and broad applicability across drug classes. The study underscores the importance of aligning solvent selection with the physicochemical nature of the drug, intended route of administration, and patient safety considerations. Furthermore, the potential for combining solvents to achieve optimized formulations is highlighted as a promising avenue for future pharmaceutical development. Such combinations may offer enhanced solubility, reduced toxicity, and improved delivery mechanisms, particularly for complex or poorly soluble compounds. In conclusion, understanding the nuanced roles of DMSO, PEG, and pyrogen-free water is essential for formulating safe and effective sterile injections. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge supporting rational solvent selection and encourages further exploration into innovative solvent systems for advanced drug delivery.

Bacground : The 0–12 month period is a critical phase in infant development, covering motor, cognitive, and emotional domains. Early stimulation has been proven to prevent developmental delays that may affect later life stages. Complementary therapies such as infant massage and baby gym are widely applied as non-pharmacological, safe, low-cost interventions that can be practiced at home by parents. Objective: To systematically review the scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of complementary therapies in stimulating the development of infants aged 0–12 months. Methods: This literature study involved a review of articles published between 2018–2024 from PubMed and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria included experimental and quasi-experimental studies evaluating the effect of complementary therapies (infant massage, baby gym, or others) on infant development. Results: Six relevant studies were identified, including four on baby gym and two on infant massage. All studies reported significant improvements in gross motor development following intervention. Infant massage also showed additional benefits such as increased weight gain and enhanced mother-infant bonding. Conclusion: Complementary therapies such as infant massage and baby gym are effective and practical strategies for stimulating infant development. However, further research with more robust experimental designs is needed to strengthen the evidence base.  

The problem faced by Baking Daily Store is that there is no system that can be used to optimize supplier selection, which has only been done based on intuition and relationships. This has the potential to cause inefficiencies in supplier selection which have an impact on the availability of raw materials, product quality, and timeliness of delivery. Therefore, a decision support system was designed to help Baking Daily Store in choosing the best supplier objectively, quickly, and accurately. This system applies the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method to perform calculations and assessments based on predetermined criteria. The result of this system development is a desktop-based application using the Java programming language, which is expected to help management in making decisions in a more measurable and structured manner.

Micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) producing tahu bakso face intense market competition and need efficient marketing strategies to maintain competitiveness. This study aims at developing strategy by identifyng criteria and selecting the optimal strategies. The research adopts the 4P marketing mix framework-product, price, place, and promotion-combined with the TOPSIS (Teqnique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method. Five main criteria were identified: product price, retail location, product promotion, customer service quality, and product development. The weighting results show that produc price and customer service quality are the most importan factors, each with a weigh of 0.208. TOPSIS analisys indicates that stategy A8 - improving employee performance through targeted training and development-achieves the highest preference value. Improving employee performance is a strategyc priority, as it directly enhances service quality, customes satisfaction, and overall marketing effectiveness.  

Most people are exposed to sudden death as a result of viral hepatitis infection, especially at an advanced age, so we need to know the continuation of the disease until death in a sample of hospitals to know the differences in the services provided by those hospitals. The research aims to estimate a function for the Rayleigh distribution (RD) using several methods (maximum likelihood function, White, s, weighted least square) and choose the best method for estimation using the mean square error (MSE) and compare the survival rates of patients admitted to (Al-Kadhimiya, Al-Karkh, and Yarmouk) hospitals, The results of the research showed in the experimental aspect that the maximum likelihood method for all sample sizes is the best, followed by the weighted least squares method and finally the White method. In the applied aspect, on a sample consisting of (63) patients (liver cirrhosis + liver cancer) for the first quarter of 2025, it was found that their survival rate until death is (33%) for a time average of (2) months and (15) days.

Preeclampsia is a condition of hypertension occurring after 20 weeks of gestation, accompanied by organ dysfunction and proteinuria. Preeclampsia is classified into Early Onset Preeclampsia (EOPE), which occurs before 34 weeks of gestation, and Late Onset Preeclampsia (LOPE), which occurs after 34 weeks of gestation. EOPE carries a higher risk of maternal and fetal complications compared to LOPE. This research aims to analyze the complications in mothers and fetuses with EOPE and LOPE that were terminated at RSUD Raden Mattaher Jambi between 2020 and 2022. This descriptive research was conducted in the Medical Records Department of RSUD Raden Mattaher, Jambi, involving 82 patients who experienced both maternal and fetal complications with EOPE and LOPE that were terminated. Sampling was carried out using the total sampling technique based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of this research showed that the prevalence of EOPE was 69.5%, while LOPE accounted for 30.5%. Maternal complications were more commonly found in EOPE cases, including eclampsia (42.1%), HELLP syndrome (36%), premature rupture of membranes (14%), placental abruption (14%), and maternal mortality (5.3%). Fetal complications in EOPE included Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) (10.5%), prematurity (26.3%), low birth weight (29.8%), Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) (10.5%), and Intrauterine Fetal Death (IUFD) (1.8%). The perinatal mortality rate in EOPE was 7%, with asphyxia recorded in 12.3% of cases. EOPE is more frequently encountered than LOPE and is associated with more severe maternal and fetal complications. Early detection and management of EOPE are crucial to reducing complications and improving pregnancy outcomes.

Increasing the growth of tilapia can be done by improving the quality of feed by adding multivitamins in the right amount. The purpose of this study was to determine the right dose of multivitamins for the growth and feed conversion ratio of nirvana tilapia (O. niloticus) in the biofloc system. This study was conducted from February to April 2024. This study used nirvana tilapia seeds measuring 4-5 g, with 5 treatments and 4 replications, namely 0 ml / kg of feed (control), 10 ml / kg of feed, 20 ml / kg of feed, 30 ml / kg of feed, 40 ml / kg of feed. The data was analyzed first using normality and homogeneity tests, then the data was analyzed using the analysis of variance test and the Least Significant Difference (LSD) further test. The results of the study showed a significant effect of multivitamin doses on the growth and feed conversion ratio of nirvana tilapia in the biofloc system, the optimal dose of multivitamins on the growth and feed conversion ratio of nirvana tilapia in the biofloc system was 40 ml/kg of feed with an absolute weight of 6.38 g, a specific growth rate reaching 1.53% and a feed conversion ratio of 1.08.

Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in pregnant women is a nutritional problem that has serious impacts on the health of both the mother and the fetus, such as increased risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and labor complications. In Jambi City, CED cases have continued to rise year by year. This study aims to identify the determinants of CED among pregnant women in the working area of Putri Ayu Public Health Center, Jambi City. This study employed a quantitative approach with an analytical observational design using a cross-sectional method. The sample consisted of 82 pregnant women selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and anthropometric measurements using MUAC. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test to examine the relationship between independent variables and the incidence of CED. The study found that the prevalence of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) among pregnant women was 28%. Statistical analysis revealed that infectious diseases (p=0.000), personal hygiene (p=0.009), environmental sanitation (p=0.037), education (p=0.004), occupation (p=0.000), and income (p=0.040) were significantly associated with CED in pregnant women. There is a significant relationship between infectious diseases, personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, education, occupation, and income with Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in pregnant women at Putri Ayu Public Health Center, Jambi City. It is expected that efforts to address chronic energy deficiency (CED) among pregnant women at Putri Ayu Public Health Center can be carried out through an integrated approach, including improvements in personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, prevention of infectious diseases, as well as enhancement of education, employment, and family income.

A common mental health problem affecting millions of women all around is anxiety before pregnancy and after delivery. Untreated, it might cause early deliveries, reduced birth weights, bad infant bonding, and children's long-term developmental difficulties. Many mothers choose natural cures than from drugs for safety worries relating to their children. Recent research on non-drug approaches to lessen anxiety in pregnant women and new mothers is examined in this review. Focusing on multiple non-drug treatments, a comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar. The results indicate that yoga and mindfulness-based stress reduction measures practically reduce anxiety. For treating anxiety, non-drug treatments are safe choices that healthcare professionals should integrate into maternal care. More research is needed for consistent methods and long-term studies to support clinical practices.

Stunting is a growth disorder in children characterized by height-for-age below the standard due to prolonged nutritional deficiency. This condition affects physical development, learning ability, and metabolic health, and it tends to be persistent. In Indonesia, the prevalence of stunting remains high. This study was conducted to identify the causes of stunting during the first 1,000 days of life. The method used was a literature review with a narrative review approach. The results show that risk factors for stunting include prenatal conditions such as low birth weight, maternal nutritional status during pregnancy, and maternal height. In addition, low maternal education, limited access to healthcare services, lack of exclusive breastfeeding, infections, and poor dietary patterns also contribute. Strategies proven effective according to the literature include early nutrition education, nutritional supplementation, and technology-based growth monitoring. The most consistently identified determinant is low birth weight (LBW).

Nutritional status is the body's condition as a result of the utilization, absorption, and use of food. One of the health and social problems Indonesia is facing is the low nutritional status of its people. Nutrition deficiencies in young students will hinder mental development and brain intelligence in the future. The purpose of this study was to obtain an overview of the nutritional status of students at SD Negeri 1 Tataaran II, South Tondano District, Minahasa Regency.This research uses a descriptive survey. The population of this research are fourth and fifth grade students at Sekolah Dasar Negeri 1 Tataaran II, South Tondano District, totaling 40 students. The sampling technique used was a total population sampling, thus the sample population was 40 students. The instruments used in this study were a weighing scale, anthropometry equipment, and a list of the students’ names. Based on the research results, it was found that the nutritional status based on weight-for-age tended to be good, with 27 students (67.5%) falling into this category. The nutritional status based on height-for-age tended to be normal, with 27 students (67.5%) also in this category, and the nutritional status based on weight-for- height tended to be good, with 27 students (67.5%). In conclusion, the nutritional status of students at SD Negeri 1 Tataaran II, South Tondano District, tends to be sufficient and they generally have a good nutritional status. It is recommended that, to improve nutritional status at the household level, families should consume a diverse and balanced nutritious diet. The school, in collaboration with the health department or community health center, should routinely monitor the nutritional status of students Nutritional status is the body's condition as a result of the utilization, absorption, and use of food. One of the health and social problems Indonesia is facing is the low nutritional status of its people. Nutrition deficiencies in young students will hinder mental development and brain intelligence in the future. The purpose of this study was to obtain an overview of the nutritional status of students at SD Negeri 1 Tataaran II, South Tondano District, Minahasa Regency.This research uses a descriptive survey. The population of this research are fourth and fifth grade students at Sekolah Dasar Negeri 1 Tataaran II, South Tondano District, totaling 40 students. The sampling technique used was a total population sampling, thus the sample population was 40 students. The instruments used in this study were a weighing scale, anthropometry equipment, and a list of the students’ names. Based on the research results, it was found that the nutritional status based on weight-for-age tended to be good, with 27 students (67.5%) falling into this category. The nutritional status based on height-for-age tended to be normal, with 27 students (67.5%) also in this category, and the nutritional status based on weight-for- height tended to be good, with 27 students (67.5%). In conclusion, the nutritional status of students at SD Negeri 1 Tataaran II, South Tondano District, tends to be sufficient and they generally have a good nutritional status. It is recommended that, to improve nutritional status at the household level, families should consume a diverse and balanced nutritious diet. The school, in collaboration with the health department or community health center, should routinely monitor the nutritional status of students

This study aims to evaluate user sentiment toward the Liputan6.com application available on the Google Play Store. In the digital era, user reviews serve as a significant indicator in assessing the quality of an application. However, the inconsistency between rating scores and review content renders manual analysis less objective. To address this issue, a machine learning approach was adopted by comparing two algorithms, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Naïve Bayes (NB). A total of 2,500 reviews were collected through a web scraping process and automatically labeled based on the rating (positive if ≥ 3, negative if < 3). The data preprocessing stages included cleaning, case folding, tokenizing, stopword removal, and token filtering. Subsequently, word weighting was carried out using the TF-IDF method, followed by classification using 10-Fold Cross Validation in RapidMiner. The evaluation results indicate that, in the positive class, NB demonstrated superior precision (89.47%), whereas SVM achieved higher recall (98.94%) and F1-score (90.96%). In the negative class, SVM performed better in terms of precision (66.15%), while NB attained higher recall (65.65%) and F1-score (36.34%). Further evaluation based on AUC and accuracy positioned SVM in the good category (AUC 0.842; accuracy 83.82%), while NB was categorized as fail (AUC 0.505; accuracy 60.87%). Overall, SVM is considered to be more effective than NB.

Overview: Low Birth Weight (LBW) is a significant health problem in Indonesia because it is at risk of increasing neonatal mortality and morbidity. Objective: This study aims to analyze the risk factors associated with the incidence of LBW in newborns at Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto Hospital. Research Method: The method used is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. A sample of 200 mothers and babies was obtained through purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected from medical records and analyzed using the chi-square test and logistic regression. Research Results: showed that prematurity had a partial effect on LBW with a sig value of 0.000 <0.05, and showed that if the incidence of prematurity increased by one percent, assuming the value of other variables remained constant, it would increase the incidence of LBW by 2.769 percent. Variables parity, maternal age, anemia, twin pregnancy, hydramnios, PEB, Placenta Previa, KPD, prematurity, fetal pregnancy simultaneously affected LBW. Conclusion: parity, maternal age, anemia, twin pregnancy, hydramnios, PEB, Placenta Previa, KPD, prematurity, fetal pregnancy simultaneously affect LBW.

This study aims to analyze and implement the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm in determining the feasibility of sheep selection at PT Arjuna Farm. In the livestock industry, selecting quality animals is very important to increase productivity and efficiency. KNN, as a simple but effective classification method, is used to analyze sheep characteristic data, such as body weight, age, and health, to identify animals that meet the eligibility criteria. The research methodology used in this study includes data collection, pre-processing, and application of the KNN algorithm. Data obtained from PT Arjuna Farm were processed and divided into training data and testing data. The results of the analysis show that the KNN algorithm is able to provide high accuracy in determining the feasibility of sheep selection, with a low error rate.

This study seeks to identify and prioritize the factors influencing employee job satisfaction at PT. Tirta Perkasa Sejahtera using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The research integrates both literature review and expert judgment to determine factors such as work environment, interpersonal relationships, compensation systems, career development, and work-life balance. AHP was used to analyze pairwise comparison matrices to establish the relative weight of each criterion. The results showed that compensation and career development were the most influential factors, followed by work-life balance, work environment, and interpersonal relationships. The study provides a quantitative basis for management to enhance employee satisfaction and improve organizational performance.

This research was conducted in February-April 2025 at the Tebing Suban Tourism, Talang Ulu Village, East Curup, Selupu Rejang District, Rejang Lebong Regency. So the purpose of this study was to determine visitor satisfaction with the services of the Tebing Suban tourist attraction, Rejang Lebong Regency. The method used in this sampling was by Accidental Sampling, a sampling technique based on coincidence, namely anyone who accidentally meets the researcher can be used as a sample, if it is considered that the person who happened to be met is suitable as a data source. The data analysis method used is quantitative descriptive and data processing is carried out using the help of the SPSS (Statistical Program for Social Science) and Microsoft Excel applications which are presented in the form of tables and tabulations, then data measurements are carried out with visitor satisfaction tools, namely Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) and Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI). the results of the research that has been done, then several conclusions can be drawn, namely the results of the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) based on the Cartesian diagram show that of the 20 service performance attributes of the Tebing Suban Tourism Object, there are 5 attributes that are considered very important and are the main priority in determining visitor satisfaction. Based on the calculation of the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI), the satisfaction index value is 79.36%. This value is obtained from the Weighted Score divided by the Likert Scale value range.

For adolescent girls aged 15–19 around the world, complications from pregnancy and childbirth are the main cause of death. With girls under 15 being up to five times more likely to pass during delivery, this group has substantially more hazards than older women. Contributions include physical maturity, insufficient prenatal care, and socioeconomic obstacles. Correcting these inequalities is essential to raise maternal and teen health results worldwide. Adolescent mothers have a higher risk of problems including preterm birth, anemia, and preeclampsia. Their babies are more prone to have low birth weight, developmental delays, and greater death rates. Socially, teenage mothers sometimes face stigma, limited educational and job prospects, and economic hardship, therefore sustaining cycles of poverty and social injustice. This review aims to examine how common and serious maternal problems, like preeclampsia, anemia, and infections, are in teenage pregnancies. It also looks at serious issues for babies, such as low birth weight, preterm birth, and neonatal death. Finally, it studies the longterm health effects on both teenage mothers and their children, physical, psychological, and developmental aspects. Using keywords pertaining to teenage pregnancy and maternal and foetal health outcomes, the systematic review will include studies published in English or Indonesian from 2010 to 2023 focusing on teenage pregnancies (ages 10–19), maternal and foetal health outcomes, conduct thorough database searches using PubMed, and Google Scholar Teen mothers may struggle to meet the nutritional demands of pregnancy, leading to complications like preeclampsia, anemia, and a higher chance of cesarean births. 

Climate change has had a significant impact on various aspects of life, including air temperature in urban areas such as Medan City. This study aims to analyze changes in air temperature in Medan City during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, especially related to social restriction policies such as PPKM. Temperature data was obtained from UPT BMKG Medan for the period 2020 to 2025 and analyzed using I-MR (Individual-Moving Range), Cusum, and EWMA (Exponentially Weighted Moving Average) methods. The results of the analysis are expected to be able to show significant temperature differences as a result of the decline in human activities during the pandemic as well as the trend of post-pandemic temperature changes. This study is important as a basis for future environmental planning and climate change mitigation policies.

Anemia in pregnant women is one of the contributing factors to stunting in toddlers. The consumption of iron (Fe) tablets by pregnant women requires supervision from family members to support the success of the stunting reduction program in Bangli Regency. Iron tablet intervention in pregnant women has been proven to reduce the risk of complications, lower the incidence of low birth weight in infants, and decrease maternal mortality during childbirth. This study used a cross-sectional survey design, involving 48 pregnant women. Data collection was conducted using total sampling during the period from January 2024 to January 2025 at Kintamani IV Public Health Center. Bivariate data analysis was carried out using the chi-square test. The results of the study showed that 68% of pregnant women experienced mild anemia. Most pregnancies were in the third trimester (39%), and 43% of the participants were in their first pregnancy. The majority of the pregnant women had good knowledge levels. There was a significant relationship between pregnant women’s knowledge and their adherence to consuming iron tablets, with a p-value of 0.019. The odds ratio (OR = 5.014) indicated that pregnant women with good knowledge were five times more likely to adhere to iron tablet consumption compared to those with limited knowledge. Support and monitoring of the nutritional status of pregnant women are essential to reduce the incidence of low birth weight and stunting among toddlers in Selulung Village, Kintamani District.  

The 0–12 month period is a critical phase in infant development, covering motor, cognitive, and emotional domains. Early stimulation has been proven to prevent developmental delays that may affect later life stages. Complementary therapies such as infant massage and baby gym are widely applied as non-pharmacological, safe, low-cost interventions that can be practiced at home by parents. To systematically review the scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of complementary therapies in stimulating the development of infants aged 0–12 months. This literature study involved a review of articles published between 2018–2024 from PubMed and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria included experimental and quasi-experimental studies evaluating the effect of complementary therapies (infant massage, baby gym, or others) on infant development. Six relevant studies were identified, including four on baby gym and two on infant massage. All studies reported significant improvements in gross motor development following intervention. Infant massage also showed additional benefits such as increased weight gain and enhanced mother-infant bonding. Complementary therapies such as infant massage and baby gym are effective and practical strategies for stimulating infant development. However, further research with more robust experimental designs is needed to strengthen the evidence base.