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Assyifaa Herbi Nuari; Rizal Kurniawan; Rusmen Rusmen; Hanifa Laura Dalimunthe

Jurnal Publikasi Ilmu Psikologi. 2026 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of emotion regulation training in improving the adjustment of adolescents living in orphan in Padang. The research employed a mixed method approach using a one group pre-test post-test experimental design supported by qualitative data. Participants were 26 adolescents from one orphan in Padang. Data were collected through an adjustment scale administered before and after the intervention, observation, and open-ended questionnaire  questionnaire  responses. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with the assistance of IBM SPSS 23, while qualitative data were analyzed through thematic analysis using NVivo 12. The results showed a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores, indicating an improvement in overall adjustment after the training. Most participants experienced increased scores across emotional maturity, intellectual maturity, social maturity, and responsibility. Qualitative findings revealed positive behavioral changes, including helping behavior, cooperation, rule compliance, and independent problem solving. These findings indicate that emotion regulation training is effective in enhancing adolescents adjustment in institutional care settings.

Anita Marya

Jurnal Ekonomi, Akuntansi, dan Perpajakan 2026 Asosiasi Riset Ekonomi dan Akuntansi Indonesia

The Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDesma) plays an important role in empowering the local community's economy. BUMDesma "Bumi Artha Mandiri LKD" in Kemujan Village runs a revolving loan program to meet the capital needs of the community, particularly for micro-business actors. This study aims to describe the structure, procedures, and performance of the accounting system applied to the program, as well as to identify obstacles and efforts for improvement. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with data collection through direct observation, interviews with BUMDesma managers and borrower members, and financial document analysis. The results show that the running accounting system includes modules for member registration, lending, payments, and financial reports with recording procedures in accordance with basic accounting principles. The advantages of this system include high transparency and adequate risk control, but it still faces challenges such as limited technology, management capacity, and availability of accurate data. Planned improvements include the adoption of information technology, continuous training, and enhanced cooperation with the community. The study concludes that the existing accounting system has made a positive contribution, but it needs to be strengthened to support the sustainability of the revolving loan program and the economic empowerment of the village.

Ratih Ayu Ningsih; Inas Syabanasyah; Solehudin Solehudin

Jurnal Siti Rufaidah 2026 PPNI UNIMMAN

Patient safety is one of the key elements in providing quality health services. Patient safety is a top priority because it has become a global issue in hospital health services. This study aims to determine the relationship between workload and the implementation of patient safety among nurses in the Outpatient Room of Grha Permata Ibu Hospital in 2025. This study is a quantitative, analytical study. This quantitative research uses a cross-sectional design. The population in this study consisted of 40 nurses in the Outpatient Room of Grha Permata Ibu Hospital. Therefore, the sample in this study consisted of 40 respondents using a total sample technique. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the chi-square test. Based on the statistical test results, the p-value was 0.023, meaning that p-value < α (0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between workload and the implementation of patient safety among nurses in the Outpatient Ward of Grha Permata Ibu Hospital in 2025. The hospital is advised to ensure fair task distribution, provide facilities, and offer training and psychological support to manage stress.

Muhammad Saefullah; Arini Haqiqota Hayati; Shofa Taufiqika; Mamluatul Muarifah; Arini Aula Aimatun Nisa +7 more

Reflection : Islamic Education Journal 2026 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat Indonesia

Microteaching is an innovative educator training method aimed at developing basic teaching skills and fostering student self-efficacy through a micro-scale approach. This study describes how teaching simulations with limited duration, audience size, and material focus can facilitate the transformation of pre-service teachers' pedagogical competence. Using a qualitative approach, the research found that microteaching functions as a "safe laboratory" for students to explore teaching creativity without the risk of systemic failure. The skill development process includes mastering stimulus variation techniques through the use of visual and audiovisual media, such as PowerPoint and instructional videos, as well as strengthening instructional communication styles. Furthermore, students' self-efficacy increases significantly through a cycle of constructive feedback from peers and supervisors, enabling reflection-on-action. The results conclude that the re-plan and re-teach mechanisms are crucial in shaping professional and permanent teaching behaviors before students enter actual classroom environments. These findings highlight the importance of microteaching in developing both the technical and reflective skills necessary for effective teaching practice.

Tuti Sahara; Salbiah Salbiah; Mini Harianti

ARDHI : Jurnal Pengabdian Dalam Negri 2026 Asosiasi Riset Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat Indonesia

Hydrometeorological disasters increase the risk of infectious diseases due to environmental changes, damaged sanitation systems, and limited access to health services. These conditions highlight the need to strengthen community-based early detection systems as part of an early warning strategy. This community service activity aims to enhance the capacity of community health volunteers in the early detection and reporting of infectious diseases through the digitalization of a simple surveillance system. The program was implemented in disaster-affected areas, involving community health volunteers as key partners. The methods included health education on post-disaster infectious diseases, technical training on the use of surveillance instruments, and assistance in implementing health surveillance forms in accordance with guidelines from the Ministry of Health of the Republic Indonesia. The results showed a significant improvement in the knowledge of participants, with ≥80% of volunteers passing the post-test evaluation. In addition, participants demonstrated improved skills in recording, identifying symptoms, and systematically reporting infectious disease cases. The digitalization of surveillance forms facilitated real-time data collection and reporting, enabling faster responses to potential outbreaks. This program contributes to strengthening community-based early warning systems and enhancing the role of community health volunteers as the frontline in post-disaster infectious disease control. The implementation of this initiative is expected to support rapid interventions by health service facilities, improve cross-sector coordination, and serve as a replicable model for strengthening community surveillance systems in other disaster-prone areas.

Rinaldi Bursan; Dina Safitri; Aida Sari; Driya Wiryawan; Prakarsa Panjinegara +3 more

ARDHI : Jurnal Pengabdian Dalam Negri 2026 Asosiasi Riset Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat Indonesia

This community service program aimed to strengthen the capacity of local communities in managing sustainable tourism in Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province. The initiative was motivated by the region's rich natural and cultural tourism potential, which has not yet been matched by adequate community understanding, institutional capacity, and sustainable practices. The program employed a participatory approach, including socialization, training, mentoring, and evaluations using pre- and post-program indicators. Target participants comprised Pokdarwis (tourism awareness groups), local business actors, village officials, and community leaders. Findings indicate significant improvements in understanding sustainable tourism, institutional capacity, environmentally friendly practices, utilization of local wisdom, and community participation. The program also fostered collective awareness regarding the importance of socially, economically, and environmentally sustainable destination management. Implications extend beyond individual behavior changes to the strengthening of local governance and community readiness to develop community-based tourism destinations. Overall, this initiative contributes to the development of a community empowerment model that supports regional sustainable tourism policies and has potential for replication in other areas with similar characteristics.

Aliyah Alim; Widya Oktary Setiawardhani; Arief Sulistiyono; Silfiana Dian Lestari

This article discusses an experiential training program that integrates three main pillars for students of Parung Panjang Vocational High School (SMK) in Tangerang: optimizing digital platforms as modern marketplaces, developing innovative product packaging to strengthen sales performance, and applying ethical and legal principles in digital business activities. The program is designed to prepare vocational students to become competent, creative, adaptive, and responsible young entrepreneurs in the digital economy. The implementation methods include project-based learning, workshops, seminars, product simulation, mentoring, and intensive practice in using online marketing media. Students are guided to identify market opportunities, design attractive packaging, promote products through digital channels, and understand consumer protection, intellectual property, and honest transaction practices. The expected outcomes include increased digital literacy, improved packaging design skills, stronger entrepreneurial motivation, and better awareness of business ethics and legal compliance. Overall, this program provides practical learning experiences that connect school-based entrepreneurship education with the demands of the contemporary business and industrial environment. It also encourages collaboration among teachers, students, and local business partners for sustainable vocational development in line with future workforce and innovation needs.

Satrio Ramadhan; Ika Arinia Indriyany

Desentralisasi : Jurnal Hukum, Kebijakan Publik, dan Pemerintahan 2026 Asosiasi Peneliti dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Gender-based domestic violence (KDRT) remains a critical issue in Indonesia, particularly in urban areas like North Jakarta. This study examines the governance of services for KDRT victims from a gender perspective in 2025, employing a qualitative case study approach. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with 20 victims and service providers at community health centers (Puskesmas), the Women's Empowerment and Child Protection Agency (DP3A), and NGOs. Findings reveal fragmented governance, characterized by weak inter-agency coordination, low accessibility for low-income victims, and insufficient integration of gender perspectives in handling procedures. Key barriers include bureaucratic hurdles and inadequate training for staff on toxic masculinity issues. The study recommends an integrated governance model based on gender-responsive governance, including a one-stop digital platform and enhanced multi-stakeholder collaboration. Policy implications support the achievement of SDGs 5 and 16 at the local level. This study also highlights the importance of increasing public awareness and education regarding gender-based domestic violence to create a safer and more inclusive environment for victims.

Andiko Tongga; Ellya Niken Prastiwi; MF. Arrozi Adhikara

International Journal of Economics and Management Sciences 2026 Asosiasi Riset Ekonomi dan Akuntansi Indonesia

Healthcare organizations are increasingly required to preserve the sustainability of their institutional values by ensuring high-quality services, operational efficiency, and rigorous adherence to risk governance frameworks. RSUD dr. Chasbullah Abdulmadjid Bekasi City continues to face considerable challenges in this regard, particularly due to the limited internalization of core organizational values, disparities in the cultivation of an adaptive culture, and inconsistent employee compliance with established risk management procedures. These issues highlight the necessity for a leadership paradigm grounded in service, empathy, and empowerment.This study investigates the extent to which servant leadership influences the creation and protection of corporate values, while examining the mediating roles of strong adaptive culture and employee compliance doing the implementation of risk management. Employing a quantitative explanatory survey design, the research collected responses from 153 hospital employees, and data were analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to evaluate both direct and mediated causal pathways among variables.The findings reveal that servant leadership significantly strengthens creation and protection of corporate values, not only through direct influence but also by enhancing cultural adaptability and reinforcing compliant behavior in risk-related practices. Leaders who embody service-oriented principles are shown to cultivate work environments that foster mutual trust, organizational learning, and value-based decision-making.This study contributes meaningful empirical evidence to the discourse on leadership, organizational culture, and compliance within public hospital settings. Institutional strategies should prioritize continuous leadership development and comprehensive risk governance training to secure long-term performance excellence and reputational resilience.

Kurniawati Winda; Arlis Masora Pasalongan; Senna Darruk Emeng; Angga Arruan Sangga

Pengharapan : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pemuridan Kristen dan Katolik 2026 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat Indonesia

Mental resilience is a crucial psychological asset that determines the performance consistency of athletes under competitive and training pressures. This study aims to analyze the mental resilience of karate athletes at SMAN 3 Tana Toraja from the perspective of guidance and counseling. Employing a descriptive qualitative method, data were gathered through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation involving eight karate athletes and two coaches selected through purposive sampling. Data analysis followed the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña encompassing data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that athletes generally demonstrate moderate to high levels of mental resilience, characterized by adaptive emotional regulation, positive self-talk, and effective coping strategies. Supporting factors include intrinsic motivation, coach social support, peer cohesion, and cumulative competitive experience. Inhibiting factors comprise unmanaged pre-competition anxiety, absence of structured post-defeat psychological recovery, and limited institutional counseling support. From the guidance and counseling perspective, these findings underscore the critical need for integrating psychological skills training into the karate coaching program, including counselor-facilitated group counseling sessions and individual psychological development plans tailored to each athlete.

Miftah Arrozaq, Muhammad; Yostitia, Made Prasta; Darmawan Ardi

Jurnal Manajemen Pariwisata dan Perhotelan 2026 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

This study aims to analyze the quality of room attendant service based on Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) at the Lorin Solo Hotel and identify factors influencing its implementation. The research method used a qualitative approach through interviews, observations, and analysis of guest reviews.The results indicate that the implementation of SOPs has been successful, particularly in terms of room cleanliness, linen changes, replenishment of amenities, checking facilities, and friendly service. However, during periods of high occupancy, obstacles were encountered such as limited staff, limited cleaning time, and delays in replenishing amenities. Internal factors (skills, training, work motivation) and external factors (occupancy rate, guest demand, facility condition) influence service quality.This study concludes that the implementation of SOPs at the Lorin Solo Hotel has been successful, but needs improvement in time management, additional staff during busy periods, and regular training to maintain consistent service quality. These recommendations are expected to help the hotel improve service standards and maintain guest satisfaction.

Abel De Lando

Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer 2026 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

This study aims to develop a strategic plan for Information Systems and Information Technology (IS/IT) at KR Hotel Palembang by applying the Ward and Peppard methodology. The analysis began with external environment assessment using the PEST framework and internal analysis through the MOST method and Value Chain model. The results were synthesized into a SWOT analysis to identify the organization's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. From this, Critical Success Factors (CSF) were formulated to guide the determination of key information system needs. Application portfolio mapping was then conducted using the McFarlan Strategic Grid to classify systems based on their strategic impact. Findings indicate that KR Hotel has strong potential in leveraging digital technologies but faces challenges such as the absence of integrated systems across departments and limited IT training for staff. To address these issues, an integrated system named ZKBiolock was proposed, encompassing modules such as hotel management, financial management, customer relationship management (CRM), human resource training systems, digital promotion, and internal network monitoring and control. This strategic plan is supported by a comprehensive database design, network topology, human resource and infrastructure analysis, investment budgeting, and Return on Investment (ROI) evaluation. The proposed strategy aims to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the hotel's operational management.

Riyan Priyosusilo; Pramono, Tri Adji

Proceeding. of The International Conference on Business and Economics 2026 Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang

This study aims to analyze the effect of competency synergy and training on performance with job satisfaction both at the Department of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection and Population Control and Family Planning of Pekalongan Regency directly and indirectly. The population used is the Department of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection and Population Control and Family Planning of Pekalongan Regency 160 people, with a sampling technique using the Slovin formula totaling 114 respondents. The data collection method was carried out by means of a questionnaire, the analysis technique used was PLS (Partial Least Square). The results of the study showed that competency synergy had a positive and significant effect on performance optimization and training had a positive and significant effect on performance optimization. Competency synergy had a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, training had a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, job satisfaction had a positive and significant effect on performance optimization. And job satisfaction can intervene the effect of competency synergy on performance optimization and job satisfaction can intervene the effect of technology utilization on performance optimization

Tri Wahyuni Kusuma Anggun; Viviana Kurnianingsih; Yuliana Intan Cayani; Ivana Azaria Widy; Hira Awali Nurmalinda +3 more

FUNDAMENTUM : Jurnal Pengabdian Multidisiplin 2026 Asosiasi Peneliti Dan Pengajar Ilmu Sosial Indonesia

The microbiological quality of clean water in Dusun Kepuhan has not met regulatory standards, posing potential health risks to the community. Laboratory examination identified Escherichia coli at 21 CFU/100 mL and total coliform bacteria at 180 CFU/100 mL, exceeding the permissible limits established by the Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation No. 2 of 2023. This community service program was conducted to enhance residents’ knowledge and practical skills in managing clean water through the application of a chlorine diffuser as a simple and practical disinfection method. The implementation process included problem identification, coordination with the local PAMSIMAS management, educational sessions, and hands-on demonstrations of diffuser preparation and use. Program effectiveness was evaluated using pre-test and post-test assessments involving 30 participants. The findings indicated a statistically significant improvement in participants knowledge following the training. The chlorine diffuser approach was considered appropriate for the community setting due to its ease of use, affordability, and gradual chlorine release mechanism. Continuous monitoring and sustained community commitment are necessary to ensure long-term implementation of safe water disinfection practices.

Ika Retno Widiani, Elisabeth; Kurnia Damayanti, Ima

Proceeding. of The International Conference on Business and Economics 2026 Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang

This paper aims to analyze the influence of Human Resource Reform and Transformational Leadership on Civil Servant Professionalism, with Resistance to Change as a mediating variable. The research focuses on civil servants at the Semarang City Personnel, Education and Training Agency (BKPP Semarang City), an institution at the forefront of bureaucratic reform and talent management. A quantitative approach was employed through a survey of 77 civil servants using a saturated sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the direct and mediation relationships between the research variables. The results showed that Human Resources Reform of Civil Servants and Transformational Leadership had a positive and significant effect on ASN Professionalism. Transformational Leadership was also proven to reduce Resistance to Change, while Human Resources Reform had an indirect effect through reducing resistance. In addition, Resistance to Change had a significant negative effect on ASN Professionalism and mediated the relationship between Human Resources Reform of Civil Servants and ASN Professionalism. These findings confirm that merit system reform, competency development, and inspirational leadership are key factors in improving ASN professionalism, especially when psychological and structural barriers in the form of resistance to change can be minimized. This study provides theoretical contributions in the development of a model of ASN professionalism as well as practical recommendations for local governments in strengthening the implementation of bureaucratic reform.

Eko Ari Wibowo; Widyastuti Widyastuti; Muhammad Nur Wahyu Hidayah; Wildan Afdalul Fadhi; Hamdi, Lazuardi Fatahilah

Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Terapan 2026 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

People with visual impairment face barriers in cash transactions, particularly in identifying banknote denominations and verifying authenticity, which can reduce independence and increase vulnerability to fraud. This issue is also closely linked to the financial inclusion agenda, as access to reliable information on the value and authenticity of cash is a prerequisite for safe transactions among vulnerable groups. This community service program aimed to improve users’ competence through individualized, home-visit–based education and mentoring on an optical–UV sensor–based banknote denomination and authenticity detector with audio feedback. The program was implemented in collaboration with the Kebumen branches of PERTUNI and ITMI from October to December 2025. The intervention stages included an initial needs assessment, structured training using a concise module, hands-on practice through transaction scenarios, and follow-up mentoring. Evaluation employed a pre–post knowledge test, a practical performance checklist, and a usability questionnaire. Results indicated that the mean knowledge score increased from 55.1 to 80.7, and the success rate of denomination identification improved from 60.7% to 90.0%. This approach is relevant as an individualized mentoring model for blind communities when group-based training is difficult to implement.

Asep Kristiyanto; Fadil, Imam Failasuf

Proceeding. of The International Conference on Business and Economics 2026 Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang

Digital transformation in public health services requires cadres to possess adequate digital literacy and technology adaptation skills. This study aims to analyze the influence of digital literacy and technology adaptation on the effectiveness of cadre performance, with digital competence as an intervening variable in Pekalongan Regency. The study population was health cadres in Pekalongan Regency, with a sample of 90 respondents selected using a technique that was part of the total population of 285 respondents. Sampling used simple random sampling. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis used [analytical methods, for example: Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) or Path Analysis] to examine direct and indirect relationships between variables. The research results are expected to provide an overview of: (1) the influence of digital literacy on the effectiveness of cadre performance, (2) the influence of technology adaptation on the effectiveness of cadre performance, (3) the influence of digital literacy on digital competence, (4) the influence of technology adaptation on digital competence, (5) the influence of digital competence on the effectiveness of cadre performance, and (6) the role of digital competence as an intervening variable in the relationship between digital literacy and technology adaptation on the effectiveness of cadre performance. The findings of this research are expected to serve as a basis for developing training programs and increasing the capacity of health cadres in the digital era, particularly in Pekalongan Regency.

Nardiman Nardiman

Jurnal Riset dan Inovasi Manajemen 2026 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

This study aims to determine: 1) The effect of the product on customer loyalty, 2) Price influence on customer loyalty, 3) The influence of place / location on customer loyalty, 4) The influence of promotion on customer loyalty, 5) The influence of people / employees on customer loyalty, 6) Effect of physical facilities on customer loyalty, 7) Effect of process on customer loyalty Bank BRI Unit Ampek Nagari Cabang Bukittinggi. Type of research conducted is Expost-Facto, the number of study population as much as 834 people, Proportional sampling technique Simple Random Sampling. The sample of this research is customer Bank BRI Unit Ampek Nagari Cabang Bukittinggi numbered 114 people. Data were collected through questionnaires using Likert scale models that have been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis technique used is Path Analysis (Path Analysis). The research results are: 1) There is significant influence between product to customer loyalty, 2) There is a significant influence between price and customer loyalty, 3) There is a significant influence between place / location on customer loyalty, 4) There is significant influence between promotion to customer loyalty, 5) There is significant influence between person / employee to customer loyalty Training, 6) There is significant influence between physical facility to customer loyalty, 7) There is a significant influence between the process on customer loyalty Bank BRI Unit Ampek Nagari Cabang Bukittinggi. Viewed from direct or indirect influence of product, price, place / location, promotion, person / employee, physical facility and process to customer's loyalty Bank BRI Unit Ampek Nagari Cabang Bukittinggi is 84.54%, it is obtained that the promotion has the greatest influence of 21.01%. This shows that the understanding of promotion directly has a big role to the emergence of customer loyalty Bank BRI Unit Ampek Nagari Cabang Bukittinggi.

Yuan Fyrraliany; Ezra Bernadus Wijaya; Slamet Sumarno

Jurnal Inovasi Riset Ilmu Kesehatan 2026 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) in children often results in joint stiffness, muscle weakness, limited range of motion, and gait impairment following surgical management and immobilization. Early physiotherapy intervention is essential to restore hip function and walking ability. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of active exercise on functional walking in outpatient children aged 3–5 years after DDH surgery. A case study design was conducted on three female patients who completed a five-week rehabilitation program consisting of ten active exercise sessions, including hip strengthening, mobility training, and balance exercises, combined with a home program. Outcome measures included hip range of motion, Manual Muscle Testing, and Modified McKay and Harris Hip Score assessed at baseline, mid-intervention, and post-intervention. The results showed improvements in hip range of motion, particularly in flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and external rotation, while internal rotation improved but did not reach normal values. Muscle strength increased from grade 1–2 to grade 3 in most hip muscle groups. Functional walking scores improved from poor to good and excellent, with patients achieving independent, symmetrical gait without pain. These findings indicate that active exercise is an effective rehabilitation approach to reduce impairments and enhance functional walking in children after DDH surgery. The study highlights the importance of structured physiotherapy and caregiver involvement to optimize recovery and participation in daily activities.

Widi Amalia; Marzuti Isra; Suhendri Suhendri; Purjianto Purjianto; Agung Rizky Syah Alam Harahap +3 more

2026 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen dan Bisnis Indonesia

The development of the palm oil industry in Indonesia typically relies on collaboration with smallholder farmers, but this collaboration often faces various problems such as poor cultivation techniques, lack of technical guidance, unclear administrative matters, and limited access to certification and markets. This study aims to develop a specific human resource management model to support collaboration with smallholder farmers, thereby improving production yields, sustainability, and engagement in the palm oil supply chain. The method used is a desk study, namely by analyzing and reconstructing information from research results, industry reports, and palm oil certification and sustainability policies. Based on the analysis, a career structure and Human Resource Management functions are proposed, consisting of collaboration supervisors, field officers, capacity training officers, collaboration administration staff, and collaboration/certification managers. This model allows for technical and administrative assistance, training for farmers, collaboration coordination, and certification and compliance management. The implementation of this model is predicted to improve cultivation quality, improve smallholder access to certification and markets, and strengthen the stability and sustainability of the supply chain. Thus, the HR model for smallholders offers a strategic solution to the various challenges of working with smallholders and supports the development of a socially, economically, and environmentally sustainable palm oil agribusiness sector.